pipes/main.js

// TODO: refactor: make cap/end naming consistent
// TODO: feat: webxr
// TODO: refactor: extract components to different files
// TODO: chore: embed dependencies
// TODO: feat: generate random puzzle

import * as THREE from 'three';
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';
import * as BufferGeometryUtils from 'three/addons/utils/BufferGeometryUtils.js';
import { VRButton } from 'three/addons/webxr/VRButton.js';

// Initialise scene
const scene = new THREE.Scene();
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);

const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
renderer.xr.enabled = true;
document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
document.body.appendChild(VRButton.createButton(renderer));

// Set up lights
const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x404040);
scene.add(ambientLight);

const directionalLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 0.5);
directionalLight.position.set(1, 3, 2);
scene.add(directionalLight);
scene.add(directionalLight.target);

// Position the camera
camera.position.z = 5;
const controls = new OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);
controls.enableDamping = true;
controls.update();

// Make materials
const redMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({ color: 0xff0000 });
const greenMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
const blueMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({ color: 0x0000ff });

function makeCylinder(material) {
    const radius = .25;
    const height = 1;
    const radialSegments = 8;
    const geometry = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(radius, radius, height, radialSegments);

    const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    scene.add(mesh);
    return mesh;
}

class CornerCurve extends THREE.Curve {
    constructor(scale) {
        super();
        this.scale = scale;
    }

    getPoint(t) {
        const tx = 0;
        const ty = Math.cos(.5 * Math.PI * t) * this.scale - .5;
        const tz = -Math.sin(.5 * Math.PI * t) * this.scale + .5;
        return new THREE.Vector3(tx, ty, tz);
    }
}

function makeCorner(material) {
    const path = new CornerCurve(.5);
    const tubularSegments = 20;
    const radius = .25;
    const radialSegments = 8;
    const closed = false;
    const geometry = new THREE.TubeGeometry(path, tubularSegments, radius, radialSegments, closed);

    const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    scene.add(mesh);
    return mesh;
}

function makeCap(material) {
    const radius = .25;
    const height = .5;
    const radialSegments = 8;
    const cylinder = new THREE.CylinderGeometry(radius, radius, height, radialSegments);
    // Shift cylinder vertices down
    const positionAttribute = cylinder.getAttribute('position');
    const vertex = new THREE.Vector3();
    for (let i = 0; i < positionAttribute.count; i++) {
        vertex.fromBufferAttribute(positionAttribute, i);
        positionAttribute.setXYZ(i, vertex.x, vertex.y - .25, vertex.z);
    }

    const sphereRadius = .375;
    const widthSegments = 12; 
    const heightSegments = 8;
    const sphere = new THREE.SphereGeometry(sphereRadius, widthSegments, heightSegments);

    var capGeometry = BufferGeometryUtils.mergeGeometries([cylinder, sphere], false);

    const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(capGeometry, material);
    scene.add(mesh);
    return mesh;
}

const PIECE_TYPE_END = 0;
const PIECE_TYPE_CORNER = 1;
const PIECE_TYPE_STRAIGHT = 2;

// Piece encoding
//
// Each piece can be aligned to either one or two faces of a cube. We associate each face
// of a cube with the position of a bit in a 6-bit number, starting with the bottom face,
// clockwise (looking up) around the middle faces starting with the closest face to the
// viewer, and ending with the top face.
//
//          32
//
//       +---------+
//      /|        /|
//     / |    8  / |
// 16 +---------+  |  4
//    |  +------|--+
//    | /  2    | /
//    |/        |/
//    +---------+
//
//          1
//
// Ends are associated with one face, corners with two adjacent faces and lines with
// two opposing faces.
//
// To correctly orient pieces we need to associate an encoding with a particular orientation
// of a mesh. Orientations are 3D vectors containing multiples of 90º rotations around the x,
// y and z axes.

const encodings = new Map();
// End pieces
encodings.set(1,    {type: PIECE_TYPE_END, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0)});
encodings.set(2,    {type: PIECE_TYPE_END, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(3, 0, 0)});
encodings.set(4,    {type: PIECE_TYPE_END, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 1)});
encodings.set(8,    {type: PIECE_TYPE_END, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(1, 0, 0)});
encodings.set(16,   {type: PIECE_TYPE_END, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 3)});
encodings.set(32,   {type: PIECE_TYPE_END, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(2, 0, 0)});
// Corners
encodings.set(1|2,  {type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0)});
encodings.set(1|4,  {type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 1, 0)});
encodings.set(1|8,  {type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 2, 0)});
encodings.set(1|16, {type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 3, 0)});
encodings.set(32|2, {type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(2, 2, 0)});
encodings.set(32|4, {type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(2, 1, 0)});
encodings.set(32|8, {type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(2, 0, 0)});
encodings.set(32|16,{type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(2, 3, 0)});
encodings.set(2|4,  {type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 1)});
encodings.set(4|8,  {type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 1, 1)});
encodings.set(8|16, {type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(1, 3, 0)});
encodings.set(16|2, {type: PIECE_TYPE_CORNER, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 3)});
// Straights
encodings.set(1|32, {type: PIECE_TYPE_STRAIGHT, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 0)});
encodings.set(2|8,  {type: PIECE_TYPE_STRAIGHT, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(1, 0, 0)});
encodings.set(4|16, {type: PIECE_TYPE_STRAIGHT, rotation: new THREE.Vector3(0, 0, 1)});

function makePiece(code) {
    const pieceData = encodings.get(code);
    let mesh = null;
    switch (pieceData.type) {
        case PIECE_TYPE_END:
            mesh = makeCap(blueMaterial);
            break;
        case PIECE_TYPE_CORNER:
            mesh = makeCorner(greenMaterial);
            break;
        case PIECE_TYPE_STRAIGHT:
            mesh = makeCylinder(redMaterial);
            break;
    }

    const rotation = pieceData.rotation;
    mesh.rotation.x = rotation.x * Math.PI * .5;
    mesh.rotation.y = rotation.y * Math.PI * .5;
    mesh.rotation.z = rotation.z * Math.PI * .5;

    return mesh;
}

let meshes = [];

function addPieceGrid() {
    const encodingsArray = [...encodings.entries()];
    encodingsArray.forEach(([key, value], index) => {
        let mesh = makePiece(key);

        // Arrange pieces in a grid
        const sideLength = Math.round(Math.sqrt(encodingsArray.length));
        mesh.position.x = (Math.floor(index % sideLength) - sideLength * .5) * 1.2;
        mesh.position.y = (Math.floor(index / sideLength) - sideLength * .5) * 1.2;

        meshes.push(mesh);
    });
}

function addTestPuzzle() {
    let puzzleData = [
        [4,     -1,  1,  1],
        [4|16,   0,  1,  1],
        [16|8,   1,  1,  1],
        [2|8,    1,  1,  0],
        [2|16,   1,  1, -1],
        [16|4,   0,  1, -1],
        [4|2,   -1,  1, -1],
        [8|4,   -1,  1,  0],
        [16|1,   0,  1,  0],
        [32|4,   0,  0,  0],
        [16|8,   1,  0,  0],
        [2|16,   1,  0, -1],
        [4|16,   0,  0, -1],
        [4|2,   -1,  0, -1],
        [8|2,   -1,  0,  0],
        [8|4,   -1,  0,  1],
        [16|4,   0,  0,  1],
        [16|1,   1,  0,  1],
        [32|16,  1, -1,  1],
        [4|16,   0, -1,  1],
        [4|8,   -1, -1,  1],
        [2|8,   -1, -1,  0],
        [2|4,   -1, -1, -1],
        [16|4,   0, -1, -1],
        [16|2,   1, -1, -1],
        [8|16,   1, -1,  0],
        [4,      0, -1,  0]
    ];

    for (var i = 0; i < puzzleData.length; i++) {
        const datum = puzzleData[i];
        const key = datum[0];
        const mesh = makePiece(key);

        mesh.position.set(datum[1], datum[2], datum[3]);

        meshes.push(mesh);
    }
}

//addPieceGrid();
addTestPuzzle();

window.addEventListener('resize', () => {
    camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
    renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
});

renderer.setAnimationLoop(() => {
    controls.update();
    renderer.render(scene, camera);
});