src/main.zig

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ const std = @import("std");
 const ona = @import("ona");
 
 const Actors = struct {
-	instances: coral.stack.Sequential(ona.gfx.Queue.Instance2D) = .{.allocator = coral.heap.allocator},
-	body_texture: ona.gfx.Queue.Handle = .none,
+	instances: coral.stack.Sequential(ona.gfx.Point2D) = .{.allocator = coral.heap.allocator},
+	body_texture: ona.gfx.Handle = .none,
 };
 
 const Player = struct {
@@ -21,15 +21,9 @@ pub fn main() !void {
 	});
 }
 
-fn load(display: coral.ReadBlocking(ona.gfx.Display), actors: coral.Write(Actors), gfx: ona.gfx.Queue) !void {
+fn load(display: coral.ReadBlocking(ona.gfx.Display), actors: coral.Write(Actors), gfx: ona.gfx.Work) !void {
 	display.res.resize(1280, 720);
 
-	try actors.res.instances.push_many(800, .{
-		.origin = .{75, 75},
-		.xbasis = .{100, 0},
-		.ybasis = .{0, 100},
-	});
-
 	const crap = [_]u32{
 		0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFF000000, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFF000000,
 		0xFF000000, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFF000000, 0xFFFFFFFF,
@@ -37,7 +31,7 @@ fn load(display: coral.ReadBlocking(ona.gfx.Display), actors: coral.Write(Actors
 		0xFF000000, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFF000000, 0xFFFFFFFF,
 	};
 
-	actors.res.body_texture = try gfx.buffer.open(.{
+	actors.res.body_texture = try gfx.queue.open(.{
 		.resource = .{
 			.texture = .{
 				.data = coral.io.bytes_of(&crap),
@@ -47,22 +41,33 @@ fn load(display: coral.ReadBlocking(ona.gfx.Display), actors: coral.Write(Actors
 			},
 		},
 	});
+
+	try actors.res.instances.push(.{0, 0});
 }
 
 fn exit(actors: coral.Write(Actors)) void {
 	actors.res.instances.deinit();
 }
 
-fn render(gfx: ona.gfx.Queue, actors: coral.Write(Actors)) !void {
-	try gfx.buffer.draw_2d(.{
+fn render(gfx: ona.gfx.Work, actors: coral.Write(Actors)) !void {
+	for (actors.res.instances.values) |instance| {
+		try gfx.queue.draw(.{
+			.instance_2d = .{
 				.mesh_2d = gfx.primitives.quad_mesh,
-		.instances = actors.res.instances.values,
 				.texture = actors.res.body_texture,
+
+				.transform = .{
+					.origin = instance,
+					.xbasis = .{100, 0},
+					.ybasis = .{0, 100},
+				},
+			},
 		});
+	}
 }
 
 fn update(player: coral.Read(Player), actors: coral.Write(Actors), mapping: coral.Read(ona.act.Mapping)) !void {
-	actors.res.instances.values[0].origin += .{
+	actors.res.instances.values[0] += .{
 		mapping.res.axis_strength(player.res.move_x),
 		mapping.res.axis_strength(player.res.move_y),
 	};

src/ona/gfx.zig

@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
 const App = @import("./App.zig");
 
-const Device = @import("./gfx/Device.zig");
-
 pub const Queue = @import("./gfx/Queue.zig");
 
-pub const color = @import("./gfx/color.zig");
-
 const coral = @import("coral");
 
+const Device = @import("./gfx/Device.zig");
+
 const ext = @import("./ext.zig");
 
 const msg = @import("./msg.zig");
 
 const std = @import("std");
 
+pub const Color = @Vector(4, f32);
+
 pub const Display = struct {
 	sdl_window: *ext.SDL_Window,
-	clear_color: color.Value = color.black,
 	device: Device,
 
 	pub fn resize(self: Display, width: u16, height: u16) void {
@@ -35,11 +34,17 @@ pub const Display = struct {
 	}
 };
 
-pub const Error = error {
-	SDLError,
-};
+pub const Handle = enum (usize) {
+	none,
+	_,
 
-pub const Handle = Queue.Handle;
+	pub fn index(self: Handle) ?usize {
+		return switch (self) {
+			.none => null,
+			_ => @intFromEnum(self) - 1,
+		};
+	}
+};
 
 pub const Input = union (enum) {
 	key_up: Key,
@@ -57,8 +62,85 @@ pub const Input = union (enum) {
 	};
 };
 
-pub const MeshPrimitives = struct {
+pub const Point2D = @Vector(2, f32);
+
+pub const Transform2D = extern struct {
+	xbasis: Point2D = .{1, 0},
+	ybasis: Point2D = .{0, 1},
+	origin: Point2D = @splat(0),
+};
+
+pub const Work = struct {
+	queue: *Queue.Buffer,
+	primitives: *const Primitives,
+
+	const Primitives = struct {
 		quad_mesh: Handle,
+	};
+
+	pub const State = struct {
+		queue: *Queue,
+		primitives: *const Primitives,
+	};
+
+	pub fn bind(context: coral.system.BindContext) std.mem.Allocator.Error!State {
+		const queue = try Queue.create();
+
+		return .{
+			.primitives = (try context.register_read_only_resource_access(.none, Primitives)) orelse create: {
+				const buffer = queue.pending();
+				const half_extent = 0.5;
+
+				try context.world.set_resource(.none, Primitives{
+					.quad_mesh = try buffer.open(.{
+						.label = "quad mesh primitive",
+
+						.resource = .{
+							.mesh_2d = .{
+								.indices = &.{0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3},
+
+								.vertices = &.{
+									.{.xy = .{-half_extent, half_extent}, .uv = .{0, 1}},
+									.{.xy = .{half_extent, half_extent}, .uv = .{1, 1}},
+									.{.xy = .{half_extent, -half_extent}, .uv = .{1, 0}},
+									.{.xy = .{-half_extent, -half_extent},  .uv = .{0, 0}},
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					}),
+				});
+
+				break: create (try context.register_read_only_resource_access(.none, Primitives)).?;
+			},
+
+			.queue = queue,
+		};
+	}
+
+	pub fn init(state: *State) Work {
+		return .{
+			.queue = state.queue.pending(),
+			.primitives = state.primitives,
+		};
+	}
+
+	pub fn unbind(state: *State) void {
+		state.queue.release();
+	}
+};
+
+pub const colors = struct {
+	pub const black = greyscale(0);
+
+	pub const white = greyscale(1);
+
+	pub fn greyscale(v: f32) Color {
+		return .{v, v, v, 1};
+	}
+
+	pub fn rgb(r: f32, g: f32, b: f32) Color {
+		return .{r, g, b, 1};
+	}
 };
 
 pub fn poll(app: coral.Write(App), inputs: msg.Send(Input)) !void {
@@ -74,7 +156,7 @@ pub fn poll(app: coral.Write(App), inputs: msg.Send(Input)) !void {
 	}
 }
 
-pub fn setup(world: *coral.World, events: App.Events) (Error || std.Thread.SpawnError || std.mem.Allocator.Error)!void {
+pub fn setup(world: *coral.World, events: App.Events) (error {SDLError} || std.Thread.SpawnError || std.mem.Allocator.Error)!void {
 	if (ext.SDL_Init(ext.SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0) {
 		return error.SDLError;
 	}
@@ -112,5 +194,5 @@ pub fn stop(display: coral.WriteBlocking(Display)) void {
 }
 
 pub fn submit(display: coral.WriteBlocking(Display)) void {
-	display.res.device.submit(display.res.sdl_window, display.res.clear_color);
+	display.res.device.submit();
 }

src/ona/gfx/Device.zig

@@ -1,75 +1,100 @@
 const Queue = @import("./Queue.zig");
 
-const color = @import("./color.zig");
-
 const coral = @import("coral");
 
 const draw_2d = @import("./shaders/draw_2d.glsl.zig");
 
 const ext = @import("../ext.zig");
 
+const gfx = @import("../gfx.zig");
+
 const sokol = @import("sokol");
 
 const std = @import("std");
 
 thread: std.Thread,
-render_state: *RenderState,
+clear_color: gfx.Color = gfx.colors.black,
+state: *State,
 
 const AtomicBool = std.atomic.Value(bool);
 
-const RenderWork = struct {
-	pipeline_2d: sokol.gfx.Pipeline,
-	instance_2d_sampler: sokol.gfx.Sampler,
-	instance_2d_buffers: coral.stack.Sequential(sokol.gfx.Buffer),
+const Frame = struct {
+	width: u16,
+	height: u16,
+	flushed_instance_2d_count: usize = 0,
+	pushed_instance_2d_count: usize = 0,
+	mesh_2d: gfx.Handle = .none,
+	texture: gfx.Handle = .none,
+
+	fn unflushed_instance_2d_count(self: Frame) usize {
+		return self.pushed_instance_2d_count - self.flushed_instance_2d_count;
+	}
+};
+
+const Render = struct {
 	resources: coral.stack.Sequential(Resource),
+	instance_2d_pipeline: sokol.gfx.Pipeline,
+	instance_2d_buffers: coral.stack.Sequential(sokol.gfx.Buffer),
 
-	const Resource = union (enum) {
-		mesh_2d: struct {
-			index_count: u32,
-			vertex_buffer: sokol.gfx.Buffer,
-			index_buffer: sokol.gfx.Buffer,
-		},
-
-		texture: struct {
-			image: sokol.gfx.Image,
-		},
-	};
+	const Instance2D = extern struct {
+		transform: gfx.Transform2D,
+		tint: @Vector(4, u8) = @splat(std.math.maxInt(u8)),
+		depth: f32 = 0,
+		texture_offset: gfx.Point2D = @splat(0),
+		texture_size: gfx.Point2D = @splat(1),
 
 		const buffer_indices = .{
 			.mesh = 0,
 			.instance = 1,
 		};
 
-	fn deinit(self: *RenderWork) void {
-		sokol.gfx.destroyPipeline(self.pipeline_2d);
+		const instances_per_buffer = 512;
+	};
 
+	const Resource = union (enum) {
+		empty,
+		mesh_2d: Mesh2D,
+		texture: Texture,
+
+		const Mesh2D = struct {
+			index_count: u32,
+			vertex_buffer: sokol.gfx.Buffer,
+			index_buffer: sokol.gfx.Buffer,
+		};
+
+		const Texture = struct {
+			image: sokol.gfx.Image,
+			sampler: sokol.gfx.Sampler,
+		};
+	};
+
+	fn deinit(self: *Render) void {
 		for (self.instance_2d_buffers.values) |buffer| {
 			sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(buffer);
 		}
 
 		self.instance_2d_buffers.deinit();
+		sokol.gfx.destroyPipeline(self.instance_2d_pipeline);
+		self.resources.deinit();
+	}
 
-		for (self.resources.values) |resource| {
-			switch (resource) {
-				.mesh_2d => |mesh_2d| {
-					sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(mesh_2d.vertex_buffer);
-					sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(mesh_2d.index_buffer);
+	fn init() Render {
+		sokol.gfx.setup(.{
+			.environment = .{
+				.defaults = .{
+					.color_format = .RGBA8,
+					.depth_format = .DEPTH_STENCIL,
+					.sample_count = 1,
+				},
 			},
 
-				.texture => |texture| {
-					sokol.gfx.destroyImage(texture.image);
-				}
-			}
-		}
+			.logger = .{
+				.func = sokol.log.func,
+			},
+		});
 
-		self.resources.deinit();
-
-		self.* = undefined;
-	}
-
-	fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator) RenderWork {
 		return .{
-			.pipeline_2d = sokol.gfx.makePipeline(.{
+			.instance_2d_pipeline = sokol.gfx.makePipeline(.{
 				.label = "2D drawing pipeline",
 
 				.layout = .{
@@ -78,42 +103,42 @@ const RenderWork = struct {
 
 						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_mesh_xy] = .{
 							.format = .FLOAT2,
-							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.mesh,
+							.buffer_index = Instance2D.buffer_indices.mesh,
 						};
 
 						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_mesh_uv] = .{
 							.format = .FLOAT2,
-							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.mesh,
+							.buffer_index = Instance2D.buffer_indices.mesh,
 						};
 
 						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_xbasis] = .{
 							.format = .FLOAT2,
-							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.instance,
+							.buffer_index = Instance2D.buffer_indices.instance,
 						};
 
 						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_ybasis] = .{
 							.format = .FLOAT2,
-							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.instance,
+							.buffer_index = Instance2D.buffer_indices.instance,
 						};
 
 						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_origin] = .{
 							.format = .FLOAT2,
-							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.instance,
+							.buffer_index = Instance2D.buffer_indices.instance,
 						};
 
-						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_color] = .{
+						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_tint] = .{
 							.format = .UBYTE4N,
-							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.instance,
+							.buffer_index = Instance2D.buffer_indices.instance,
 						};
 
 						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_depth] = .{
 							.format = .FLOAT,
-							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.instance,
+							.buffer_index = Instance2D.buffer_indices.instance,
 						};
 
 						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_rect] = .{
 							.format = .FLOAT4,
-							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.instance,
+							.buffer_index = Instance2D.buffer_indices.instance,
 						};
 
 						break: get attrs;
@@ -122,7 +147,7 @@ const RenderWork = struct {
 					.buffers = get: {
 						var buffers = [_]sokol.gfx.VertexBufferLayoutState{.{}} ** 8;
 
-						buffers[buffer_indices.instance].step_func = .PER_INSTANCE;
+						buffers[Instance2D.buffer_indices.instance].step_func = .PER_INSTANCE;
 
 						break: get buffers;
 					},
@@ -132,54 +157,58 @@ const RenderWork = struct {
 				.index_type = .UINT16,
 			}),
 
-			.instance_2d_sampler = sokol.gfx.makeSampler(.{
-				.label = "instance 2D sampler",
-			}),
-
 			.instance_2d_buffers = .{.allocator = coral.heap.allocator},
-			.resources = .{.allocator = allocator},
+			.resources = .{.allocator = coral.heap.allocator},
 		};
 	}
 
-	fn process_draw_2d_commands(self: *RenderWork, commands: []const Queue.Buffer.Draw2DCommand, target: Queue.Target) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
-		const max_instances = 512;
-		var instance_2d_buffers_used = @as(usize, 0);
+	fn insert_resource(self: *Render, handle: gfx.Handle, resource: Resource) !void {
+		const handle_index = handle.index() orelse {
+			return error.InvalidHandle;
+		};
 
-		sokol.gfx.applyPipeline(self.pipeline_2d);
+		const resource_count = self.resources.len();
+
+		if (handle_index < resource_count) {
+			const empty_resource = &self.resources.values[handle_index];
+
+			if (empty_resource.* != .empty) {
+				return error.InvalidHandle;
+			}
+
+			empty_resource.* = resource;
+		} else {
+			if (handle_index != resource_count) {
+				return error.InvalidIndex;
+			}
+
+			try self.resources.push(resource);
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn flush_instance_2ds(self: *Render, frame: *Frame) void {
+		const unflushed_count = frame.unflushed_instance_2d_count();
+
+		if (unflushed_count == 0) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		sokol.gfx.applyPipeline(self.instance_2d_pipeline);
 
 		sokol.gfx.applyUniforms(.VS, draw_2d.SLOT_Screen, sokol.gfx.asRange(&draw_2d.Screen{
-			.screen_size = .{target.width, target.height},
+			.screen_size = .{@floatFromInt(frame.width), @floatFromInt(frame.height)},
 		}));
 
-		for (commands) |command| {
-			const mesh_2d = &self.resources.values[command.mesh_2d.index().?].mesh_2d;
-			const texture = &self.resources.values[command.texture.index().?].texture;
-			const instance_size = @sizeOf(Queue.Instance2D);
-			const full_instance_buffer_count = command.instances.len / max_instances;
+		const mesh_2d = self.resources.values[frame.mesh_2d.index().?].mesh_2d;
+		const texture = self.resources.values[frame.texture.index().?].texture;
 
-			for (0 .. full_instance_buffer_count) |i| {
-				defer instance_2d_buffers_used += 1;
-
-				if (instance_2d_buffers_used == self.instance_2d_buffers.len()) {
-					const instance_2d_buffer = sokol.gfx.makeBuffer(.{
-						.size = @sizeOf(Queue.Instance2D) * max_instances,
-						.usage = .STREAM,
-						.label = "2D drawing instance buffer",
-					});
-
-					errdefer sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(instance_2d_buffer);
-
-					try self.instance_2d_buffers.push(instance_2d_buffer);
-				}
-
-				sokol.gfx.applyBindings(.{
-					.vertex_buffers = get_buffers: {
+		var bindings = sokol.gfx.Bindings{
+			.vertex_buffers = get: {
 				var buffers = [_]sokol.gfx.Buffer{.{}} ** 8;
 
-						buffers[buffer_indices.instance] = self.instance_2d_buffers.values[instance_2d_buffers_used];
-						buffers[buffer_indices.mesh] = mesh_2d.vertex_buffer;
+				buffers[Instance2D.buffer_indices.mesh] = mesh_2d.vertex_buffer;
 
-						break: get_buffers buffers;
+				break: get buffers;
 			},
 
 			.index_buffer = mesh_2d.index_buffer,
@@ -196,79 +225,148 @@ const RenderWork = struct {
 				.samplers = get: {
 					var samplers = [_]sokol.gfx.Sampler{.{}} ** 8;
 
-							samplers[0] = self.instance_2d_sampler;
+					samplers[0] = texture.sampler;
 
 					break: get samplers;
 				},
 			},
-				});
+		};
 
-				sokol.gfx.updateBuffer(self.instance_2d_buffers.values[instance_2d_buffers_used], .{
-					.ptr = command.instances.ptr + (max_instances * i),
-					.size = instance_size * max_instances,
-				});
+		while (frame.flushed_instance_2d_count < frame.pushed_instance_2d_count) {
+			const buffer_index = frame.flushed_instance_2d_count / Instance2D.instances_per_buffer;
+			const buffer_offset = frame.flushed_instance_2d_count % Instance2D.instances_per_buffer;
+			const instances_to_flush = @min(Instance2D.instances_per_buffer - buffer_offset, unflushed_count);
 
-				sokol.gfx.draw(0, mesh_2d.index_count, max_instances);
+			bindings.vertex_buffers[Instance2D.buffer_indices.instance] = self.instance_2d_buffers.values[buffer_index];
+			bindings.vertex_buffer_offsets[Instance2D.buffer_indices.instance] = @intCast(buffer_offset);
+
+			sokol.gfx.applyBindings(bindings);
+			sokol.gfx.draw(0, mesh_2d.index_count, @intCast(instances_to_flush));
+
+			frame.flushed_instance_2d_count += instances_to_flush;
+		}
 	}
 
-			defer instance_2d_buffers_used += 1;
+	fn push_instance_2d(self: *Render, frame: *Frame, command: Queue.DrawCommand.Instance) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+		if (command.mesh_2d != frame.mesh_2d or command.texture != frame.texture) {
+			self.flush_instance_2ds(frame);
+		}
 
-			if (instance_2d_buffers_used == self.instance_2d_buffers.len()) {
-				const instance_2d_buffer = sokol.gfx.makeBuffer(.{
-					.size = @sizeOf(Queue.Instance2D) * max_instances,
+		frame.mesh_2d = command.mesh_2d;
+		frame.texture = command.texture;
+
+		const has_filled_buffer = (frame.pushed_instance_2d_count % Instance2D.instances_per_buffer) == 0;
+		const pushed_buffer_count = frame.pushed_instance_2d_count / Instance2D.instances_per_buffer;
+
+		if (has_filled_buffer and pushed_buffer_count == self.instance_2d_buffers.len()) {
+			const instance_buffer = sokol.gfx.makeBuffer(.{
+				.size = @sizeOf(Instance2D) * Instance2D.instances_per_buffer,
 				.usage = .STREAM,
 				.label = "2D drawing instance buffer",
 			});
 
-				errdefer sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(instance_2d_buffer);
+			errdefer sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(instance_buffer);
 
-				try self.instance_2d_buffers.push(instance_2d_buffer);
+			try self.instance_2d_buffers.push(instance_buffer);
 		}
 
-			sokol.gfx.applyBindings(.{
-				.vertex_buffers = get_buffers: {
-					var buffers = [_]sokol.gfx.Buffer{.{}} ** 8;
+		_ = sokol.gfx.appendBuffer(self.instance_2d_buffers.get().?, sokol.gfx.asRange(&Instance2D{
+			.transform = command.transform,
+		}));
 
-					buffers[buffer_indices.instance] = self.instance_2d_buffers.values[instance_2d_buffers_used];
-					buffers[buffer_indices.mesh] = mesh_2d.vertex_buffer;
+		frame.pushed_instance_2d_count += 1;
+	}
 
-					break: get_buffers buffers;
-				},
+	fn remove_resource(self: *Render, handle: gfx.Handle) ?Resource {
+		if (handle.index()) |handle_index| {
+			const resource = self.resources.values[handle_index];
 
-				.fs = .{
-					.images = get: {
-						var images = [_]sokol.gfx.Image{.{}} ** 12;
+			if (resource != .empty) {
+				self.resources.values[handle_index] = .empty;
 
-						images[0] = texture.image;
-
-						break: get images;
-					},
-
-					.samplers = get: {
-						var samplers = [_]sokol.gfx.Sampler{.{}} ** 8;
-
-						samplers[0] = self.instance_2d_sampler;
-
-						break: get samplers;
-					},
-				},
-
-				.index_buffer = mesh_2d.index_buffer,
-			});
-
-			const remaining_instances = command.instances.len % max_instances;
-
-			sokol.gfx.updateBuffer(self.instance_2d_buffers.values[instance_2d_buffers_used], .{
-				.ptr = command.instances.ptr + full_instance_buffer_count,
-				.size = instance_size * remaining_instances,
-			});
-
-			sokol.gfx.draw(0, mesh_2d.index_count, @intCast(remaining_instances));
+				return resource;
 			}
 		}
 
-	fn process_open_commands(self: *RenderWork, commands: []const Queue.Buffer.OpenCommand) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
-		for (commands) |command| {
+		return null;
+	}
+};
+
+const Self = @This();
+
+const State = struct {
+	finished: std.Thread.Semaphore = .{},
+	is_running: AtomicBool = AtomicBool.init(true),
+	ready: std.Thread.Semaphore = .{},
+	clear_color: gfx.Color = gfx.colors.black,
+};
+
+pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+	self.state.is_running.store(false, .monotonic);
+	self.state.ready.post();
+	self.thread.join();
+	coral.heap.allocator.destroy(self.state);
+
+	self.* = undefined;
+}
+
+pub fn init(window: *ext.SDL_Window) (std.mem.Allocator.Error || std.Thread.SpawnError)!Self {
+	const state = try coral.heap.allocator.create(State);
+
+	errdefer coral.heap.allocator.destroy(state);
+
+	state.* = .{};
+
+	const thread = try std.Thread.spawn(.{}, run, .{window, state});
+
+	thread.setName("Ona Graphics") catch {
+		std.log.warn("failed to name the graphics thread", .{});
+	};
+
+	return .{
+		.thread = thread,
+		.state = state,
+	};
+}
+
+fn process_close_command(command: Queue.CloseCommand, rendering: *Render) !void {
+	const resource = &rendering.resources.values[command.handle.index().?];
+
+	switch (resource.*) {
+		.empty => {}, // TODO: Handle this.
+
+		.mesh_2d => |mesh_2d| {
+			sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(mesh_2d.vertex_buffer);
+			sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(mesh_2d.index_buffer);
+		},
+
+		.texture => |texture| {
+			sokol.gfx.destroyImage(texture.image);
+			sokol.gfx.destroySampler(texture.sampler);
+		},
+	}
+
+	resource.* = .empty;
+}
+
+fn process_draw_command(command: Queue.DrawCommand, render: *Render, frame: *Frame) !void {
+	switch (command) {
+		.instance_2d => |instance_2d| {
+			try render.push_instance_2d(frame, instance_2d);
+		},
+
+		.post_process => |post_process| {
+			render.flush_instance_2ds(frame);
+			// sokol.gfx.applyPipeline(self.post_process_pipeline);
+
+			_ = post_process;
+		},
+	}
+
+	render.flush_instance_2ds(frame);
+}
+
+fn process_open_command(command: Queue.OpenCommand, render: *Render) !void {
 	switch (command.resource) {
 		.texture => |texture| {
 			const stride = texture.width * texture.format.byte_size();
@@ -290,8 +388,13 @@ const RenderWork = struct {
 
 			errdefer sokol.gfx.destroyImage(image);
 
-					try self.resources.push(.{
+			const sampler = sokol.gfx.makeSampler(.{});
+
+			errdefer sokol.gfx.destroySampler(sampler);
+
+			try render.insert_resource(command.handle, .{
 				.texture = .{
+					.sampler = sampler,
 					.image = image,
 				},
 			});
@@ -317,7 +420,7 @@ const RenderWork = struct {
 				return error.OutOfMemory;
 			}
 
-					try self.resources.push(.{
+			try render.insert_resource(command.handle, .{
 				.mesh_2d = .{
 					.index_buffer = index_buffer,
 					.vertex_buffer = vertex_buffer,
@@ -326,62 +429,10 @@ const RenderWork = struct {
 			});
 		},
 	}
-		}
-	}
-
-	fn process_queue(self: *RenderWork, buffer: *const Queue.Buffer, target: Queue.Target) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
-		try self.process_open_commands(buffer.open_commands.values);
-		try self.process_draw_2d_commands(buffer.draw_2d_commands.values, target);
-	}
-};
-
-const RenderState = struct {
-	finished: std.Thread.Semaphore = .{},
-	is_running: AtomicBool = AtomicBool.init(true),
-	ready: std.Thread.Semaphore = .{},
-	clear_color: color.Value = color.compress(color.black),
-	pixel_width: c_int = 0,
-	pixel_height: c_int = 0,
-};
-
-const Self = @This();
-
-pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
-	self.render_state.is_running.store(false, .monotonic);
-	self.render_state.ready.post();
-	self.thread.join();
-	coral.heap.allocator.destroy(self.render_state);
-
-	self.* = undefined;
 }
 
-pub fn init(sdl_window: *ext.SDL_Window) (std.mem.Allocator.Error || std.Thread.SpawnError)!Self {
-	const render_state = try coral.heap.allocator.create(RenderState);
-
-	errdefer coral.heap.allocator.destroy(render_state);
-
-	render_state.* = .{};
-
-	const self = Self{
-		.thread = spawn_thread: {
-			const thread = try std.Thread.spawn(.{}, run, .{sdl_window, render_state});
-
-			thread.setName("Ona Graphics") catch {
-				std.log.warn("failed to name the graphics thread", .{});
-			};
-
-			break: spawn_thread thread;
-		},
-
-		.render_state = render_state,
-	};
-
-	self.submit(sdl_window, .{0, 0, 0, 1});
-
-	return self;
-}
-
-fn run(sdl_window: *ext.SDL_Window, render_state: *RenderState) !void {
+fn run(window: *ext.SDL_Window, state: *State) !void {
+	const context = configure_and_create: {
 		var result = @as(c_int, 0);
 
 		result |= ext.SDL_GL_SetAttribute(ext.SDL_GL_CONTEXT_FLAGS, ext.SDL_GL_CONTEXT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE_FLAG);
@@ -391,14 +442,11 @@ fn run(sdl_window: *ext.SDL_Window, render_state: *RenderState) !void {
 		result |= ext.SDL_GL_SetAttribute(ext.SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1);
 
 		if (result != 0) {
-		std.log.err("failed to set necessary OpenGL flags in graphics", .{});
+			return error.Unsupported;
 		}
 
-	const context = ext.SDL_GL_CreateContext(sdl_window);
-
-	defer ext.SDL_GL_DeleteContext(context);
-
-	render_state.finished.post();
+		break: configure_and_create ext.SDL_GL_CreateContext(window);
+	};
 
 	sokol.gfx.setup(.{
 		.environment = .{
@@ -414,21 +462,38 @@ fn run(sdl_window: *ext.SDL_Window, render_state: *RenderState) !void {
 		},
 	});
 
-	defer sokol.gfx.shutdown();
+	defer {
+		sokol.gfx.shutdown();
+		ext.SDL_GL_DeleteContext(context);
+	}
 
-	var render_work = RenderWork.init(coral.heap.allocator);
+	var render = Render.init();
 
-	defer render_work.deinit();
+	defer render.deinit();
 
-	while (render_state.is_running.load(.monotonic)) {
-		render_state.ready.wait();
+	state.finished.post();
 
-		defer render_state.finished.post();
+	while (state.is_running.load(.monotonic)) {
+		state.ready.wait();
+
+		defer state.finished.post();
+
+		var frame = init_frame: {
+			var width, var height = [_]c_int{0, 0};
+
+			ext.SDL_GL_GetDrawableSize(window, &width, &height);
+			std.debug.assert(width > 0 and height > 0);
+
+			break: init_frame Frame{
+				.width = @intCast(width),
+				.height = @intCast(height),
+			};
+		};
 
 		sokol.gfx.beginPass(.{
 			.swapchain = .{
-				.width = render_state.pixel_width,
-				.height = render_state.pixel_height,
+				.width = frame.width,
+				.height = frame.height,
 				.sample_count = 1,
 				.color_format = .RGBA8,
 				.depth_format = .DEPTH_STENCIL,
@@ -441,32 +506,29 @@ fn run(sdl_window: *ext.SDL_Window, render_state: *RenderState) !void {
 
 					actions[0] = .{
 						.load_action = .CLEAR,
-						.clear_value = @as(sokol.gfx.Color, @bitCast(render_state.clear_color)),
+						.clear_value = @as(sokol.gfx.Color, @bitCast(state.clear_color)),
 					};
 
 					break: get actions;
 				},
-			}
+			},
 		});
 
-		try Queue.consume_submitted(Queue.Consumer.bind(RenderWork, &render_work, RenderWork.process_queue), .{
-			.width = @floatFromInt(render_state.pixel_width),
-			.height = @floatFromInt(render_state.pixel_height),
-		});
+		try Queue.visit_open_commands(process_open_command, .{&render});
+		try Queue.visit_draw_commands(process_draw_command, .{&render, &frame});
+		try Queue.visit_close_commands(process_close_command, .{&render});
 
 		sokol.gfx.endPass();
 		sokol.gfx.commit();
-		ext.SDL_GL_SwapWindow(sdl_window);
+		ext.SDL_GL_SwapWindow(window);
 	}
 }
 
-pub fn submit(self: Self, sdl_window: *ext.SDL_Window, clear_color: color.Value) void {
-	self.render_state.finished.wait();
-	ext.SDL_GL_GetDrawableSize(sdl_window, &self.render_state.pixel_width, &self.render_state.pixel_height);
-	std.debug.assert(self.render_state.pixel_width > 0 and self.render_state.pixel_height > 0);
+pub fn submit(self: *Self) void {
+	self.state.finished.wait();
 
-	self.render_state.clear_color = clear_color;
+	self.state.clear_color = self.clear_color;
 
 	Queue.swap();
-	self.render_state.ready.post();
+	self.state.ready.post();
 }

src/ona/gfx/Queue.zig

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
-const color = @import("./color.zig");
-
 const coral = @import("coral");
 
+const gfx = @import("../gfx.zig");
+
 const std = @import("std");
 
-buffer: *Buffer,
-primitives: *const Primitives,
+buffers: [2]Buffer,
+is_swapped: bool = false,
+ref_count: AtomicCount = AtomicCount.init(1),
+has_next: ?*Self = null,
+has_prev: ?*Self = null,
 
 const AtomicCount = std.atomic.Value(usize);
 
@@ -13,65 +16,24 @@ pub const Buffer = struct {
 	arena: std.heap.ArenaAllocator,
 	closed_handles: coral.stack.Sequential(usize),
 	open_commands: coral.stack.Sequential(OpenCommand),
-	draw_2d_commands: coral.stack.Sequential(Draw2DCommand),
+	draw_commands: coral.stack.Sequential(DrawCommand),
 	close_commands: coral.stack.Sequential(CloseCommand),
 
-	pub const CloseCommand = struct {
-		handle: Handle,
-	};
+	pub fn clear(self: *Buffer) void {
+		self.close_commands.clear();
+		self.draw_commands.clear();
+		self.open_commands.clear();
 
-	pub const Draw2DCommand = struct {
-		instances: []const Instance2D,
-		texture: Handle,
-		mesh_2d: Handle,
-	};
-
-	pub const OpenCommand = struct {
-		handle: Handle = .none,
-		label: ?[]const u8 = null,
-
-		resource: union (enum) {
-			texture: Texture,
-			mesh_2d: Mesh2D,
-		},
-
-		pub const Mesh2D = struct {
-			vertices: []const Vertex2D,
-			indices: []const u16,
-		};
-
-		pub const Texture = struct {
-			data: []const coral.io.Byte,
-			width: u16,
-			format: Format,
-			access: Access,
-
-			pub const Access = enum {
-				static,
-			};
-
-			pub const Format = enum {
-				rgba8888,
-				bgra8888,
-				argb8888,
-				rgb888,
-				bgr888,
-
-				pub fn byte_size(self: Format) usize {
-					return switch (self) {
-						.rgba8888, .bgra8888, .argb8888 => 4,
-						.rgb888, .bgr888 => 3,
-					};
+		if (!self.arena.reset(.retain_capacity)) {
+			std.log.warn("failed to reset the buffer of a gfx queue with retained capacity", .{});
+		}
 	}
-			};
-		};
-	};
 
 	fn deinit(self: *Buffer) void {
 		self.arena.deinit();
 		self.closed_handles.deinit();
 		self.open_commands.deinit();
-		self.draw_2d_commands.deinit();
+		self.draw_commands.deinit();
 		self.close_commands.deinit();
 	}
 
@@ -80,31 +42,20 @@ pub const Buffer = struct {
 			.arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator),
 			.closed_handles = .{.allocator = allocator},
 			.open_commands = .{.allocator = allocator},
-			.draw_2d_commands = .{.allocator = allocator},
+			.draw_commands = .{.allocator = allocator},
 			.close_commands = .{.allocator = allocator},
 		};
 	}
 
-	pub fn clear(self: *Buffer) void {
-		self.close_commands.clear();
-		self.draw_2d_commands.clear();
-		self.open_commands.clear();
-
-		if (!self.arena.reset(.retain_capacity)) {
-			std.log.warn("failed to reset the buffer of a gfx queue with retained capacity", .{});
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn draw_2d(self: *Buffer, command: Draw2DCommand) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
-		try self.draw_2d_commands.push(.{
-			.instances = try self.arena.allocator().dupe(Instance2D, command.instances),
-			.texture = command.texture,
-			.mesh_2d = command.mesh_2d,
+	pub fn draw(self: *Buffer, command: DrawCommand) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+		try self.draw_commands.push(switch (command) {
+			.instance_2d => |instance_2d| .{.instance_2d = instance_2d},
+			.post_process => |post_process| .{.post_process = post_process},
 		});
 	}
 
-	pub fn open(self: *Buffer, command: OpenCommand) std.mem.Allocator.Error!Handle {
-		const reserved_handle = @as(Handle, switch (command.handle) {
+	pub fn open(self: *Buffer, command: OpenCommand) std.mem.Allocator.Error!gfx.Handle {
+		const reserved_handle = @as(gfx.Handle, switch (command.handle) {
 			.none => @enumFromInt(reserve_handle: {
 				if (self.closed_handles.get()) |handle| {
 					std.debug.assert(self.closed_handles.pop());
@@ -136,7 +87,7 @@ pub const Buffer = struct {
 				.mesh_2d => |mesh_2d| .{
 					.mesh_2d = .{
 						.indices = try arena_allocator.dupe(u16, mesh_2d.indices),
-						.vertices = try arena_allocator.dupe(Vertex2D, mesh_2d.vertices),
+						.vertices = try arena_allocator.dupe(OpenCommand.Mesh2D.Vertex, mesh_2d.vertices),
 					},
 				},
 			},
@@ -149,46 +100,107 @@ pub const Buffer = struct {
 	}
 };
 
-pub const Consumer = coral.io.Generator(std.mem.Allocator.Error!void, &.{*const Buffer, Target});
+pub const CloseCommand = struct {
+	handle: gfx.Handle,
+};
 
-pub const Handle = enum (usize) {
-	none,
-	_,
+pub const DrawCommand = union (enum) {
+	instance_2d: Instance,
+	post_process: PostProcess,
 
-	pub fn index(self: Handle) ?usize {
+	pub const Instance = struct {
+		texture: gfx.Handle,
+		mesh_2d: gfx.Handle,
+		transform: gfx.Transform2D,
+	};
+
+	pub const PostProcess = struct {
+
+	};
+};
+
+pub const OpenCommand = struct {
+	handle: gfx.Handle = .none,
+	label: ?[]const u8 = null,
+
+	resource: union (enum) {
+		texture: Texture,
+		mesh_2d: Mesh2D,
+	},
+
+	pub const Mesh2D = struct {
+		vertices: []const Vertex,
+		indices: []const u16,
+
+		pub const Vertex = struct {
+			xy: gfx.Point2D,
+			uv: gfx.Point2D,
+		};
+	};
+
+	pub const Texture = struct {
+		data: []const coral.io.Byte,
+		width: u16,
+		format: Format,
+		access: Access,
+
+		pub const Access = enum {
+			static,
+		};
+
+		pub const Format = enum {
+			rgba8888,
+			bgra8888,
+			argb8888,
+			rgb888,
+			bgr888,
+
+			pub fn byte_size(self: Format) usize {
 				return switch (self) {
-			.none => null,
-			_ => @intFromEnum(self) - 1,
+					.rgba8888, .bgra8888, .argb8888 => 4,
+					.rgb888, .bgr888 => 3,
 				};
 			}
+		};
+	};
 };
 
-pub const Instance2D = extern struct {
-	xbasis: Point2D = .{1, 0},
-	ybasis: Point2D = .{0, 1},
-	origin: Point2D = @splat(0),
-	color: color.Compressed = color.compress(color.white),
-	depth: f32 = 0,
-	texture_offset: Point2D = @splat(0),
-	texture_size: Point2D = @splat(1),
-};
-
-const Node = struct {
-	buffers: [2]Buffer,
-	is_swapped: bool = false,
-	ref_count: AtomicCount = AtomicCount.init(1),
-	has_next: ?*Node = null,
-	has_prev: ?*Node = null,
-
-	fn acquire(self: *Node) void {
+pub fn acquire(self: *Self) void {
 	self.ref_count.fetchAdd(1, .monotonic);
+}
+
+pub fn create() std.mem.Allocator.Error!*Self {
+	const queue = try coral.heap.allocator.create(Self);
+
+	errdefer coral.heap.allocator.destroy(queue);
+
+	queue.* = .{
+		.buffers = .{Buffer.init(coral.heap.allocator), Buffer.init(coral.heap.allocator)},
+	};
+
+	mutex.lock();
+
+	defer mutex.unlock();
+
+	if (has_tail) |tail| {
+		tail.has_next = queue;
+		queue.has_prev = tail;
+	} else {
+		std.debug.assert(has_head == null);
+
+		has_head = queue;
 	}
 
-	fn pending(self: *Node) *Buffer {
+	has_tail = queue;
+
+	return queue;
+}
+
+pub fn pending(self: *Self) *Buffer {
 	return &self.buffers[@intFromBool(self.is_swapped)];
-	}
+}
 
-	fn release(self: *Node) void {
+pub fn release(self: *Self) void {
 	if (self.ref_count.fetchSub(1, .monotonic) == 1) {
 		mutex.lock();
 
@@ -212,121 +224,17 @@ const Node = struct {
 
 		coral.heap.allocator.destroy(self);
 	}
-	}
+}
 
-	fn submitted(self: *Node) *Buffer {
+pub fn submitted(self: *Self) *Buffer {
 	return &self.buffers[@intFromBool(!self.is_swapped)];
-	}
-};
-
-pub const Point2D = @Vector(2, f32);
-
-pub const Primitives = struct {
-	quad_mesh: Handle,
-};
+}
 
 const Self = @This();
 
-pub const State = struct {
-	node: *Node,
-	primitives: *const Primitives,
-};
+var has_head = @as(?*Self, null);
 
-pub const Target = struct {
-	width: f32,
-	height: f32,
-};
-
-pub const Vertex2D = struct {
-	xy: Point2D,
-	uv: Point2D,
-};
-
-pub fn bind(context: coral.system.BindContext) std.mem.Allocator.Error!State {
-	const queue = try coral.heap.allocator.create(Node);
-
-	errdefer coral.heap.allocator.destroy(queue);
-
-	queue.* = .{
-		.buffers = .{Buffer.init(coral.heap.allocator), Buffer.init(coral.heap.allocator)},
-	};
-
-	mutex.lock();
-
-	defer mutex.unlock();
-
-	if (has_tail) |tail| {
-		tail.has_next = queue;
-		queue.has_prev = tail;
-	} else {
-		std.debug.assert(has_head == null);
-
-		has_head = queue;
-	}
-
-	has_tail = queue;
-
-	return .{
-		.primitives = (try context.register_read_only_resource_access(.none, Primitives)) orelse create: {
-			const buffer = queue.pending();
-			const half_extent = 0.5;
-
-			try context.world.set_resource(.none, Primitives{
-				.quad_mesh = try buffer.open(.{
-					.label = "quad mesh primitive",
-
-					.resource = .{
-						.mesh_2d = .{
-							.indices = &.{0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3},
-
-							.vertices = &.{
-								.{.xy = .{-half_extent, half_extent}, .uv = .{0, 1}},
-								.{.xy = .{half_extent, half_extent}, .uv = .{1, 1}},
-								.{.xy = .{half_extent, -half_extent}, .uv = .{1, 0}},
-								.{.xy = .{-half_extent, -half_extent},  .uv = .{0, 0}},
-							},
-						},
-					},
-				}),
-			});
-
-			break: create (try context.register_read_only_resource_access(.none, Primitives)).?;
-		},
-
-		.node = queue,
-	};
-}
-
-pub fn consume_submitted(consumer: Consumer, target: Target) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
-	mutex.lock();
-
-	defer mutex.unlock();
-
-	var has_node = has_head;
-	var iterations = @as(usize, 0);
-
-	while (has_node) |node| : ({
-		has_node = node.has_next;
-		iterations += 1;
-	}) {
-		const buffer = &node.buffers[@intFromBool(!node.is_swapped)];
-
-		try consumer.yield(.{buffer, target});
-
-		buffer.clear();
-	}
-}
-
-var has_head = @as(?*Node, null);
-
-var has_tail = @as(?*Node, null);
-
-pub fn init(state: *State) Self {
-	return .{
-		.buffer = state.node.pending(),
-		.primitives = state.primitives,
-	};
-}
+var has_tail = @as(?*Self, null);
 
 var mutex = std.Thread.Mutex{};
 
@@ -341,9 +249,61 @@ pub fn swap() void {
 
 	while (has_node) |node| : (has_node = node.has_next) {
 		node.is_swapped = !node.is_swapped;
+
+		node.pending().clear();
 	}
 }
 
-pub fn unbind(state: *State) void {
-	state.node.release();
+pub fn visit_close_commands(visit: anytype, args: anytype) !void {
+	mutex.lock();
+
+	defer mutex.unlock();
+
+	var has_node = has_head;
+	var iterations = @as(usize, 0);
+
+	while (has_node) |node| : ({
+		has_node = node.has_next;
+		iterations += 1;
+	}) {
+		for (node.submitted().close_commands.values) |command| {
+			try @call(.auto, visit, .{command} ++ args);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn visit_draw_commands(visit: anytype, args: anytype) !void {
+	mutex.lock();
+
+	defer mutex.unlock();
+
+	var has_node = has_head;
+	var iterations = @as(usize, 0);
+
+	while (has_node) |node| : ({
+		has_node = node.has_next;
+		iterations += 1;
+	}) {
+		for (node.submitted().draw_commands.values) |command| {
+			try @call(.auto, visit, .{command} ++ args);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn visit_open_commands(visit: anytype, args: anytype) !void {
+	mutex.lock();
+
+	defer mutex.unlock();
+
+	var has_node = has_head;
+	var iterations = @as(usize, 0);
+
+	while (has_node) |node| : ({
+		has_node = node.has_next;
+		iterations += 1;
+	}) {
+		for (node.submitted().open_commands.values) |command| {
+			try @call(.auto, visit, .{command} ++ args);
+		}
+	}
 }

src/ona/gfx/color.zig

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-pub const Compressed = @Vector(4, u8);
-
-pub const Value = @Vector(4, f32);
-
-pub const black = Value{0, 0, 0, 1};
-
-pub fn compress(color: Value) Compressed {
-	return @intFromFloat(color * @as(Value, @splat(255)));
-}
-
-pub fn rgb(r: f32, g: f32, b: f32) Value {
-	return .{r, g, b, 1};
-}
-
-pub const white = Value{1, 1, 1, 1};

src/ona/gfx/shaders/draw_2d.glsl

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ in vec2 mesh_uv;
 in vec2 instance_xbasis;
 in vec2 instance_ybasis;
 in vec2 instance_origin;
-in vec4 instance_color;
+in vec4 instance_tint;
 in float instance_depth;
 in vec4 instance_rect;
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ void main() {
 
 	// Set the position of the vertex in clip space
 	gl_Position = vec4(ndc_position, instance_depth, 1.0);
-	color = instance_color;
+	color = instance_tint;
 
 	// Calculate the width and height from left, top, right, bottom configuration
 	const vec2 rect_pos = instance_rect.xy; // left, top