debug/app.ona

@@ -1,33 +1,18 @@
 
-let printer = lambda (pfx):
+let test_param = "monkey wrench"
+
+let printer = lambda (pfx, arbitrary):
+	@print(test_param)
+
 	return lambda (msg):
 		@print(pfx)
 		@print(msg)
 	end
 end
 
-let pr = printer("This is a func call")
+let pr = printer("this is a final closure")
-var i = 0
 
-pr("test")
+pr("goodbye")
-
-while i < 5:
-	pr("hello, world")
-
-	i = i + 1
-end
-
-if i > 6:
-	pr("`i` greater than `6`")
-elif i == 4:
-	pr("`i` is equal to `4`")
-else:
-	pr("i'unno")
-end
-
-let pr2 = printer("this is a final closure")
-
-pr2("goodbye")
 
 return {
 	.title = "Game",

source/coral/utf8.zig

@@ -196,6 +196,8 @@ pub const HexadecimalFormat = struct {
 		_ = self;
 		_ = writer;
 		_ = value;
+
+		return null;
 	}
 };
 

source/ona/app.zig

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub const Manifest = struct {
 			if (try kym.get_field(env, manifest, "width")) |ref| {
 				defer env.discard(ref);
 
-				const fixed = try env.unbox_fixed(ref);
+				const fixed = try env.unwrap_fixed(ref);
 
 				if (fixed > 0 and fixed < coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(self.width)).Int)) {
 					break: get @intCast(fixed);
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub const Manifest = struct {
 			if (try kym.get_field(env, manifest, "height")) |ref| {
 				defer env.discard(ref);
 
-				const fixed = try env.unbox_fixed(ref);
+				const fixed = try env.unwrap_fixed(ref);
 
 				if (fixed > 0 and fixed < coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(self.height)).Int)) {
 					break: get @intCast(fixed);
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ pub const Manifest = struct {
 			if (try kym.get_field(env, manifest, "tick_rate")) |ref| {
 				defer env.discard(ref);
 
-				break: get @floatCast(try env.unbox_float(ref));
+				break: get @floatCast(try env.unwrap_float(ref));
 			}
 
 			break: get self.tick_rate;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub const Manifest = struct {
 		if (try kym.get_field(env, manifest, "title")) |ref| {
 			defer env.discard(ref);
 
-			const title_string = try env.unbox_string(ref);
+			const title_string = try env.unwrap_string(ref);
 			const limited_title_len = @min(title_string.len, self.title.len);
 
 			coral.io.copy(&self.title, title_string[0 .. limited_title_len]);

source/ona/kym.zig

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ pub const Frame = struct {
 		return env.locals.values[self.locals_top .. (self.locals_top + self.arg_count)];
 	}
 
-	pub fn get_arg(self: *const Frame, env: *RuntimeEnv, arg_index: u8) RuntimeError!*const RuntimeRef {
+	pub fn expect_arg(self: *const Frame, env: *RuntimeEnv, arg_index: u8) RuntimeError!*const RuntimeRef {
-		return self.has_arg(env, arg_index) orelse env.raise(error.BadOperation, "nil reference");
+		return self.has_arg(env, arg_index) orelse env.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "nil reference", .{});
 	}
 
 	pub fn has_arg(self: *const Frame, env: *RuntimeEnv, arg_index: u8) ?*const RuntimeRef {
@@ -65,16 +65,24 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 				},
 
 				.float => |rhs_float| self.new_float(@as(Float, @floatFromInt(lhs_fixed)) + rhs_float),
-				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand object is not addable"),
+
+				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand {typename} is not addable", .{
+					.typename = rhs.typename(),
+				}),
 			},
 
 			.float => |lhs_float| switch (rhs.object().payload) {
 				.float => |rhs_float| self.new_float(lhs_float + rhs_float),
 				.fixed => |rhs_fixed| self.new_float(lhs_float + @as(Float, @floatFromInt(rhs_fixed))),
-				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand object is not addable"),
+
+				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand {typename} is not addable", .{
+					.typename = rhs.typename(),
+				}),
 			},
 
-			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "left-hand object is not addable"),
+			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "left-hand {typename} is not addable", .{
+				.typename = lhs.typename(),
+			}),
 		};
 	}
 
@@ -95,7 +103,7 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 		return switch (callable.object().payload) {
 			.syscall => |syscall| syscall(self, frame),
 			.dynamic => |dynamic| dynamic.typeinfo().call(self, dynamic.userdata(), frame),
-			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "object is not callable"),
+			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "{typename} is not callable", .{.typename = callable.typename()}),
 		};
 	}
 
@@ -104,16 +112,24 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 			.fixed => |lhs_fixed| switch (rhs.object().payload) {
 				.fixed => |rhs_fixed| @as(Float, @floatFromInt(lhs_fixed)) - @as(Float, @floatFromInt(rhs_fixed)),
 				.float => |rhs_float| @as(Float, @floatFromInt(lhs_fixed)) - rhs_float,
-				else => return self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand object is not comparable"),
+
+				else => return self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand {typename} is not comparable", .{
+					.typename = rhs.typename(),
+				}),
 			},
 
 			.float => |lhs_float| switch (rhs.object().payload) {
 				.float => |rhs_float| lhs_float - rhs_float,
 				.fixed => |rhs_fixed| lhs_float - @as(Float, @floatFromInt(rhs_fixed)),
-				else => return self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand object is not comparable"),
+
+				else => return self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand {typename} is not comparable", .{
+					.typename = rhs.typename(),
+				}),
 			},
 
-			else => return self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "left-hand object is not comparable"),
+			else => return self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "left-hand {typename} is not comparable", .{
+				.typename = lhs.typename(),
+			}),
 		};
 	}
 
@@ -157,21 +173,29 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 			.fixed => |lhs_fixed| switch (rhs.object().payload) {
 				.fixed => |rhs_fixed| self.new_float(@as(Float, @floatFromInt(lhs_fixed)) / @as(Float, @floatFromInt(rhs_fixed))),
 				.float => |rhs_float| self.new_float(@as(Float, @floatFromInt(lhs_fixed)) / rhs_float),
-				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand object is not divisible"),
+
+				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand {typename} is not divisible", .{
+					.typename = rhs.typename(),
+				}),
 			},
 
 			.float => |lhs_float| switch (rhs.object().payload) {
 				.float => |rhs_float| self.new_float(lhs_float / rhs_float),
 				.fixed => |rhs_fixed| self.new_float(lhs_float / @as(Float, @floatFromInt(rhs_fixed))),
-				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand object is not divisible"),
+
+				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand {typename} is not divisible", .{
+					.typename = rhs.typename(),
+				}),
 			},
 
-			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "left-hand object is not divisible"),
+			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "left-hand {typename} is not divisible", .{
+				.typename = lhs.typename(),
+			}),
 		};
 	}
 
 	pub fn expect(self: *RuntimeEnv, value: ?*RuntimeRef) RuntimeError!*RuntimeRef {
-		return value orelse self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "nil reference");
+		return value orelse self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "nil reference", .{});
 	}
 
 	pub fn free(self: *RuntimeEnv) void {
@@ -196,17 +220,8 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 
 	pub fn get(self: *RuntimeEnv, indexable: *RuntimeRef, index: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError!?*RuntimeRef {
 		return switch (indexable.object().payload) {
-			.false => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "false is not get-indexable"),
-			.true => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "true is not get-indexable"),
-			.fixed => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "fixed is not get-indexable"),
-			.float => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "float is not get-indexable"),
-			.string => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "string is not get-indexable"),
-			.symbol => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "symbol is not get-indexable"),
-			.syscall => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "syscall is not get-indexable"),
-			.boxed => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "boxed is not get-indexable"),
-
 			.vector2 => |vector2| swizzle: {
-				const swizzle_symbol = try self.unbox_symbol(index);
+				const swizzle_symbol = try self.unwrap_symbol(index);
 				var swizzle_buffer = [_]f32{0} ** 3;
 				var swizzle_count = @as(usize, 0);
 
@@ -231,7 +246,7 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 			},
 
 			.vector3 => |vector3| swizzle: {
-				const swizzle_symbol = try self.unbox_symbol(index);
+				const swizzle_symbol = try self.unwrap_symbol(index);
 				var swizzle_buffer = [_]f32{0} ** 3;
 				var swizzle_count = @as(usize, 0);
 
@@ -257,6 +272,10 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 			},
 
 			.dynamic => |dynamic| dynamic.typeinfo().get(self, dynamic.userdata(), index),
+
+			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "{typename} is not get-indexable", .{
+				.typename = indexable.typename(),
+			}),
 		};
 	}
 
@@ -266,7 +285,9 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 		var chunk = make_chunk: {
 			const file_data =
 				(try file.allocate_and_load(self.allocator, self.options.import_access, file_path)) orelse {
-					return self.raise(error.BadOperation, "failed to open or read file specified");
+					return self.raise(error.BadOperation, "failed to open or read `{name}`", .{
+						.name = file_name,
+					});
 				};
 
 			defer self.allocator.deallocate(file_data);
@@ -287,7 +308,11 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 				};
 			}
 
-			break: make_chunk try Chunk.make(self, file_name, &root.environment);
+			const chunk_name = try self.new_string(file_name);
+
+			defer self.discard(chunk_name);
+
+			break: make_chunk try Chunk.make(self, chunk_name, &root.environment);
 		};
 
 		defer chunk.free(self);
@@ -327,16 +352,24 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 				},
 
 				.float => |rhs_float| self.new_float(@as(Float, @floatFromInt(lhs_fixed)) * rhs_float),
-				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand object is not multiplicable"),
+
+				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand {typename} is not multiplicable", .{
+					.typename = rhs.typename(),
+				}),
 			},
 
 			.float => |lhs_float| switch (rhs.object().payload) {
 				.float => |rhs_float| self.new_float(lhs_float * rhs_float),
 				.fixed => |rhs_fixed| self.new_float(lhs_float * @as(Float, @floatFromInt(rhs_fixed))),
-				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand object is not multiplicable"),
+
+				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand {typename} is not multiplicable", .{
+					.typename = rhs.typename(),
+				}),
 			},
 
-			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "left-hand object is not multiplicable"),
+			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "left-hand {typename} is not multiplicable", .{
+				.typename = lhs.typename(),
+			}),
 		};
 	}
 
@@ -344,7 +377,7 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 		return switch (value.object().payload) {
 			.fixed => |fixed| self.new_fixed(-fixed),
 			.float => |float| self.new_float(-float),
-			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "object is not negatable"),
+			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "{typename} is not negatable", .{.typename = value.typename()}),
 		};
 	}
 
@@ -498,7 +531,7 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 	}
 
 	pub fn pop_local(self: *RuntimeEnv) RuntimeError!?*RuntimeRef {
-		return self.locals.pop() orelse self.raise(error.IllegalState, "stack underflow");
+		return self.locals.pop() orelse self.raise(error.IllegalState, "stack underflow", .{});
 	}
 
 	pub fn push_frame(self: *RuntimeEnv, name_stringable: *RuntimeRef, arg_count: u8) RuntimeError!Frame {
@@ -513,8 +546,14 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 		return frame;
 	}
 
-	pub fn raise(self: *RuntimeEnv, error_value: RuntimeError, message: []const coral.io.Byte) RuntimeError {
+	pub fn raise(self: *RuntimeEnv, error_value: RuntimeError, comptime format: []const coral.io.Byte, args: anytype) RuntimeError {
-		self.print_error(message);
+		{
+			const formatted_message = try coral.utf8.alloc_formatted(self.allocator, format, args);
+
+			defer self.allocator.deallocate(formatted_message);
+
+			self.print_error(formatted_message);
+		}
 
 		if (!self.frames.is_empty()) {
 			self.print_error("stack trace:");
@@ -544,7 +583,10 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 	pub fn set(self: *RuntimeEnv, indexable: *RuntimeRef, index: *const RuntimeRef, value: ?*const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError!void {
 		return switch (indexable.object().payload) {
 			.dynamic => |dynamic| dynamic.typeinfo().set(self, dynamic.userdata(), index, value),
-			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "object is not set-indexable"),
+
+			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "{typename} is not set-indexable", .{
+				.typename = indexable.typename(),
+			}),
 		};
 	}
 
@@ -560,16 +602,24 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 				},
 
 				.float => |rhs_float| self.new_float(@as(Float, @floatFromInt(lhs_fixed)) - rhs_float),
-				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand object is not subtractable"),
+
+				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand {typename} is not subtractable", .{
+					.typename = rhs.typename(),
+				}),
 			},
 
 			.float => |lhs_float| switch (rhs.object().payload) {
 				.float => |rhs_float| self.new_float(lhs_float - rhs_float),
 				.fixed => |rhs_fixed| self.new_float(lhs_float - @as(Float, @floatFromInt(rhs_fixed))),
-				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand object is not subtractable"),
+
+				else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "right-hand {typename} is not subtractable", .{
+					.typename = rhs.typename(),
+				}),
 			},
 
-			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "left-hand object is not subtractable"),
+			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "left-hand {typename} is not subtractable", .{
+				.typename = lhs.typename(),
+			}),
 		};
 	}
 
@@ -638,34 +688,37 @@ pub const RuntimeEnv = struct {
 		};
 	}
 
-	pub fn unbox_dynamic(self: *RuntimeEnv, value: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError![]coral.io.Byte {
+	pub fn unwrap_dynamic(self: *RuntimeEnv, value: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError![]coral.io.Byte {
 		return switch (value.object().payload) {
 			.dynamic => |dynamic| dynamic.userdata(),
 			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "expected fixed object")
 		};
 	}
 
-	pub fn unbox_float(self: *RuntimeEnv, value: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError!Float {
+	pub fn unwrap_float(self: *RuntimeEnv, value: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError!Float {
 		return switch (value.object().payload) {
 			.fixed => |fixed| @floatFromInt(fixed),
 			.float => |float| float,
-			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "expected float object")
+			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "expected float, not {typename}", .{.typename = value.typename()}),
 		};
 	}
 
-	pub fn unbox_fixed(self: *RuntimeEnv, value: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError!Fixed {
+	pub fn unwrap_fixed(self: *RuntimeEnv, value: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError!Fixed {
-		return value.as_fixed() orelse self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "expected fixed object");
+		return value.as_fixed() orelse self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "expected fixed, not {typename}", .{
+			.typename = value.typename()
+		});
 	}
 
-	pub fn unbox_string(self: *RuntimeEnv, value: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError![]const coral.io.Byte {
+	pub fn unwrap_string(self: *RuntimeEnv, value: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError![]const coral.io.Byte {
-		return value.as_string() orelse self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "expected string object");
+		return value.as_string() orelse self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "expected string, not {typename}", .{
+			.typename = value.typename(),
+		});
 	}
 
-	pub fn unbox_symbol(self: *RuntimeEnv, value: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError![*:0]const coral.io.Byte {
+	pub fn unwrap_symbol(self: *RuntimeEnv, value: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError![*:0]const coral.io.Byte {
-		return switch (value.object().payload) {
+		return value.as_symbol() orelse self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "expected symbol, not {typename}", .{
-			.symbol => |symbol| symbol,
+			.typename = value.typename(),
-			else => self.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "expected symbol object")
+		});
-		};
 	}
 };
 
@@ -775,6 +828,13 @@ pub const RuntimeRef = opaque {
 		};
 	}
 
+	pub fn as_symbol(self: *const RuntimeRef) ?[*:0]const coral.io.Byte {
+		return switch (self.object().payload) {
+			.symbol => |symbol| symbol,
+			else => null,
+		};
+	}
+
 	fn object(self: *const RuntimeRef) *Object {
 		return @constCast(@ptrCast(@alignCast(self)));
 	}
@@ -875,6 +935,7 @@ pub const RuntimeRef = opaque {
 			.vector2 => "vector2",
 			.vector3 => "vector3",
 			.syscall => "syscall",
+			.boxed => "boxed",
 			.string => "string",
 			.dynamic => "dynamic",
 		};
@@ -892,15 +953,15 @@ pub const Typeinfo = struct {
 	set: *const fn (env: *RuntimeEnv, userdata: []coral.io.Byte, value: *const RuntimeRef, value: ?*const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError!void = default_set,
 
 	fn default_call(env: *RuntimeEnv, _: []coral.io.Byte, _: Frame) RuntimeError!?*RuntimeRef {
-		return env.raise(error.BadOperation, "object is not callable");
+		return env.raise(error.BadOperation, "this dynamic object is not callable", .{});
 	}
 
 	fn default_get(env: *RuntimeEnv, _: []coral.io.Byte, _: *const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError!?*RuntimeRef {
-		return env.raise(error.BadOperation, "object is not get-indexable");
+		return env.raise(error.BadOperation, "this dynamic object is not get-indexable", .{});
 	}
 
 	fn default_set(env: *RuntimeEnv, _: []coral.io.Byte, _: *const RuntimeRef, _: ?*const RuntimeRef) RuntimeError!void {
-		return env.raise(error.BadOperation, "object is not set-indexable");
+		return env.raise(error.BadOperation, "this dynamic object is not set-indexable", .{});
 	}
 };
 

source/ona/kym/Chunk.zig

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ const Builtin = enum {
 const ConstList = coral.list.Stack(*kym.RuntimeRef);
 
 const OpcodeList = coral.list.Stack(union (enum) {
+	ret,
 	pop,
 	push_nil,
 	push_true,
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ pub fn dump(chunk: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv) kym.RuntimeError!*kym.RuntimeRef
 		_ = coral.utf8.print_formatted(writer, "[{instruction}]: ", .{.instruction = opcode_cursor});
 
 		_ = switch (chunk.opcodes.values[opcode_cursor]) {
+			.ret => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "ret\n"),
 			.pop => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "pop\n"),
 			.push_nil => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "push nil\n"),
 			.push_true => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "push true\n"),
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ pub fn dump(chunk: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv) kym.RuntimeError!*kym.RuntimeRef
 
 			.push_const => |push_const| print: {
 				if (push_const >= chunk.constants.values.len) {
-					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "invalid constant");
+					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "invalid constant", .{});
 				}
 
 				const string_ref = try env.to_string(chunk.constants.values[push_const]);
@@ -168,6 +170,8 @@ pub fn execute(self: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeEr
 
 	while (opcode_cursor < self.opcodes.values.len) : (opcode_cursor += 1) {
 		switch (self.opcodes.values[opcode_cursor]) {
+			.ret => break,
+
 			.pop => {
 				if (try env.pop_local()) |ref| {
 					env.discard(ref);
@@ -180,15 +184,15 @@ pub fn execute(self: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeEr
 
 			.push_const => |push_const| {
 				if (push_const >= self.constants.values.len) {
-					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "invalid constant");
+					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "invalid constant", .{});
 				}
 
 				try env.locals.push_one(self.constants.values[push_const].acquire());
 			},
 
 			.push_local => |push_local| {
-				if (push_local >= env.locals.values.len) {
+				if (push_local >= (env.locals.values.len - frame.locals_top)) {
-					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "invalid local");
+					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "invalid local", .{});
 				}
 
 				if (env.locals.values[frame.locals_top + push_local]) |local| {
@@ -202,7 +206,7 @@ pub fn execute(self: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeEr
 				const frame_locals = env.locals.values[frame.locals_top ..];
 
 				if (frame_locals.len == 0) {
-					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "stack overflow");
+					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "stack overflow", .{});
 				}
 
 				if (frame_locals[frame_locals.len - 1]) |local| {
@@ -254,7 +258,7 @@ pub fn execute(self: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeEr
 
 			.push_binding => |push_binding| {
 				if (push_binding > self.bindings.len) {
-					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "binding out of range");
+					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "binding out of range", .{});
 				}
 
 				try env.locals.push_one(if (self.bindings[push_binding]) |value| value.acquire() else null);
@@ -266,7 +270,9 @@ pub fn execute(self: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeEr
 				errdefer env.discard(lambda);
 
 				const chunk = @as(*Self, @ptrCast(@alignCast(lambda.as_dynamic(typeinfo) orelse {
-					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "cannot bind to non-chunk");
+					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "cannot bind objects to a {typename}", .{
+						.typename = lambda.typename(),
+					});
 				})));
 
 				chunk.bindings = try coral.io.allocate_many(env.allocator, bind, @as(?*kym.RuntimeRef, null));
@@ -321,7 +327,7 @@ pub fn execute(self: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeEr
 				defer env.discard(box);
 
 				const boxed = box.as_boxed() orelse {
-					return env.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "type is not unboxable");
+					return env.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "{typename} is not unboxable", .{.typename = box.typename()});
 				};
 
 				try env.locals.push_one(if (boxed.*) |value| value.acquire() else null);
@@ -333,7 +339,7 @@ pub fn execute(self: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeEr
 				errdefer env.discard(box);
 
 				const boxed = box.as_boxed() orelse {
-					return env.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "type is not unboxable");
+					return env.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "{typename} is not unboxable", .{.typename = box.typename()});
 				};
 
 				if (boxed.*) |value| {
@@ -372,15 +378,11 @@ pub fn execute(self: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeEr
 					}
 				}
 
-				const index = try env.pop_local() orelse {
+				const index = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
-					return env.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "nil is not a valid index");
-				};
 
 				defer env.discard(index);
 
-				const indexable = try env.pop_local() orelse {
+				const indexable = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
-					return env.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "nil is not a valid indexable");
-				};
 
 				defer env.discard(indexable);
 
@@ -594,13 +596,13 @@ pub fn free(self: *Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv) void {
 	self.bindings = &.{};
 }
 
-pub fn make(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, name: []const coral.io.Byte, environment: *const tree.Environment) kym.RuntimeError!Self {
+pub fn make(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, name: *const kym.RuntimeRef, environment: *const tree.Environment) kym.RuntimeError!Self {
 	var chunk = Self{
-		.name = try env.new_symbol(name),
+		.name = name.acquire(),
 		.opcodes = OpcodeList.make(env.allocator),
 		.constants = ConstList.make(env.allocator),
 		.bindings = &.{},
-		.arity = 0,
+		.arity = environment.argument_count,
 	};
 
 	var compiler = Compiler{
@@ -611,7 +613,15 @@ pub fn make(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, name: []const coral.io.Byte, environment: *con
 	try compiler.compile_environment(environment);
 
 	if (builtin.mode == .Debug) {
-		const allocation = try coral.utf8.alloc_formatted(env.allocator, "compiled {name}...", .{.name = name});
+		const name_string = try env.to_string(name);
+
+		defer env.discard(name_string);
+
+		const name_bytes = name_string.as_string();
+
+		coral.debug.assert(name_bytes != null);
+
+		const allocation = try coral.utf8.alloc_formatted(env.allocator, "compiled {name}...", .{.name = name_bytes.?});
 
 		defer env.allocator.deallocate(allocation);
 
@@ -631,33 +641,33 @@ pub fn make(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, name: []const coral.io.Byte, environment: *con
 }
 
 fn syscall_import(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeRef {
-	return env.import(file.Path.from(&.{try env.unbox_string(try frame.get_arg(env, 0))}));
+	return env.import(file.Path.from(&.{try env.unwrap_string(try frame.expect_arg(env, 0))}));
 }
 
 fn syscall_print(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeRef {
-	env.print(try env.unbox_string(try frame.get_arg(env, 0)));
+	env.print(try env.unwrap_string(try frame.expect_arg(env, 0)));
 
 	return null;
 }
 
 fn syscall_vec2(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeRef {
-	const x = @as(f32, @floatCast(try env.unbox_float(try frame.get_arg(env, 0))));
+	const x = @as(f32, @floatCast(try env.unwrap_float(try frame.expect_arg(env, 0))));
 
 	if (frame.has_arg(env, 1)) |y| {
-		return env.new_vector2(x, @floatCast(try env.unbox_float(y)));
+		return env.new_vector2(x, @floatCast(try env.unwrap_float(y)));
 	}
 
 	return env.new_vector2(x, x);
 }
 
 fn syscall_vec3(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeRef {
-	const x = @as(f32, @floatCast(try env.unbox_float(try frame.get_arg(env, 0))));
+	const x = @as(f32, @floatCast(try env.unwrap_float(try frame.expect_arg(env, 0))));
 
 	if (frame.has_arg(env, 1)) |y| {
 		return env.new_vector3(
 			x,
-			@floatCast(try env.unbox_float(y)),
+			@floatCast(try env.unwrap_float(y)),
-			@floatCast(try env.unbox_float(try frame.get_arg(env, 2))),
+			@floatCast(try env.unwrap_float(try frame.expect_arg(env, 2))),
 		);
 	}
 
@@ -675,7 +685,11 @@ fn typeinfo_call(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, userdata: []coral.io.Byte, frame: kym.Fra
 	const chunk = @as(*Self, @ptrCast(@alignCast(userdata)));
 
 	if (frame.arg_count < chunk.arity) {
-		return env.raise(error.BadOperation, "expected more arguments");
+		return env.raise(error.BadOperation, "expected `{expected_count}` {noun}, {provided_count} provided", .{
+			.expected_count = frame.arg_count,
+			.provided_count = chunk.arity,
+			.noun = if (frame.arg_count == 1) "argument" else "arguments",
+		});
 	}
 
 	return chunk.execute(env, frame);

source/ona/kym/Compiler.zig

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fn compile_argument(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, initial_ar
 	var argument_count = @as(u8, 0);
 
 	while (maybe_argument) |argument| {
-		try self.compile_expression(environment, argument);
+		try self.compile_expression(environment, argument, null);
 
 		maybe_argument = argument.next;
 		argument_count += 1;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ fn compile_argument(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, initial_ar
 	return argument_count;
 }
 
-fn compile_expression(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, expression: *const Expr) kym.RuntimeError!void {
+fn compile_expression(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, expression: *const Expr, name: ?[]const coral.io.Byte) kym.RuntimeError!void {
 	const number_format = coral.utf8.DecimalFormat{
 		.delimiter = "_",
 		.positive_prefix = .none,
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fn compile_expression(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, expressi
 			var field_count = @as(u32, 0);
 
 			while (table_entry) |entry| : (table_entry = entry.next) {
-				try self.compile_expression(environment, entry);
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, entry, null);
 
 				if (entry.kind != .key_value) {
 					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_top);
@@ -81,33 +81,42 @@ fn compile_expression(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, expressi
 		},
 
 		.key_value => |key_value| {
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, key_value.value);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, key_value.value, null);
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, key_value.key);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, key_value.key, null);
 		},
 
 		.lambda_construct => |lambda_construct| {
-			var chunk = try Chunk.make(self.env, "<lambda>", lambda_construct.environment);
+			const anonymous_chunk_name = try self.env.new_symbol(name orelse "<lambda>");
+
+			defer self.env.discard(anonymous_chunk_name);
+
+			var chunk = try Chunk.make(self.env, anonymous_chunk_name, lambda_construct.environment);
 
 			errdefer chunk.free(self.env);
 
-			if (lambda_construct.environment.capture_count == 0 and environment.capture_count == 0) {
+			if (lambda_construct.environment.capture_count == 0) {
 				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_const = try self.declare_chunk(chunk)});
 			} else {
-				for (environment.captures[0 .. environment.capture_count]) |capture| {
+				const lambda_captures = lambda_construct.environment.get_captures();
-					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_local = environment.captures[capture]});
+				var index = lambda_captures.len;
+
+				while (index != 0) {
+					index -= 1;
+
+					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(switch (lambda_captures[index]) {
+						.declaration_index => |declaration_index| .{.push_local = declaration_index},
+						.capture_index => |capture_index| .{.push_binding = capture_index},
+					});
 				}
 
 				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_const = try self.declare_chunk(chunk)});
-
+				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.bind = lambda_construct.environment.capture_count});
-				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{
-					.bind = lambda_construct.environment.capture_count + environment.capture_count,
-				});
 			}
 		},
 
 		.binary_op => |binary_op| {
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, binary_op.lhs_operand);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, binary_op.lhs_operand, null);
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, binary_op.rhs_operand);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, binary_op.rhs_operand, null);
 
 			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(switch (binary_op.operation) {
 				.addition => .add,
@@ -123,7 +132,7 @@ fn compile_expression(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, expressi
 		},
 
 		.unary_op => |unary_op| {
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, unary_op.operand);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, unary_op.operand, null);
 
 			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(switch (unary_op.operation) {
 				.boolean_negation => .not,
@@ -134,11 +143,11 @@ fn compile_expression(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, expressi
 		.invoke => |invoke| {
 			const argument_count = try self.compile_argument(environment, invoke.argument);
 
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, invoke.object);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, invoke.object, null);
 			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.call = argument_count});
 		},
 
-		.group => |group| try self.compile_expression(environment, group),
+		.group => |group| try self.compile_expression(environment, group, null),
 		.import_builtin => try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_builtin = .import}),
 		.print_builtin => try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_builtin = .print}),
 		.vec2_builtin => try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_builtin = .vec2}),
@@ -149,7 +158,7 @@ fn compile_expression(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, expressi
 				return self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_local = index});
 			}
 
-			if (get_capture_index(environment, declaration_get.declaration)) |index| {
+			if (get_binding_index(environment, declaration_get.declaration)) |index| {
 				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_binding = index});
 
 				if (is_declaration_boxed(declaration_get.declaration)) {
@@ -159,19 +168,19 @@ fn compile_expression(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, expressi
 				return;
 			}
 
-			return self.env.raise(error.IllegalState, "local out of scope");
+			return self.env.raise(error.IllegalState, "local out of scope", .{});
 		},
 
 		.declaration_set => |declaration_set| {
 			if (get_local_index(environment, declaration_set.declaration)) |index| {
-				try self.compile_expression(environment, declaration_set.assign);
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, declaration_set.assign, null);
 
 				return self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.set_local = index});
 			}
 
-			if (get_capture_index(environment, declaration_set.declaration)) |index| {
+			if (get_binding_index(environment, declaration_set.declaration)) |index| {
 				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_binding = index});
-				try self.compile_expression(environment, declaration_set.assign);
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, declaration_set.assign, null);
 
 				if (is_declaration_boxed(declaration_set.declaration)) {
 					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.set_box);
@@ -180,32 +189,32 @@ fn compile_expression(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, expressi
 				return;
 			}
 
-			return self.env.raise(error.IllegalState, "local out of scope");
+			return self.env.raise(error.IllegalState, "local out of scope", .{});
 		},
 
 		.field_get => |field_get| {
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, field_get.object);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, field_get.object, null);
 			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_const = try self.declare_symbol(field_get.identifier)});
 			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.get_dynamic);
 		},
 
 		.field_set => |field_set| {
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, field_set.object);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, field_set.object, null);
 			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_const = try self.declare_symbol(field_set.identifier)});
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, field_set.assign);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, field_set.assign, null);
 			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.set_dynamic);
 		},
 
 		.subscript_get => |subscript_get| {
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_get.object);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_get.object, null);
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_get.index);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_get.index, null);
 			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.get_dynamic);
 		},
 
 		.subscript_set => |subscript_set| {
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_set.object);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_set.object, null);
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_set.index);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_set.index, null);
-			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_set.assign);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_set.assign, null);
 			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.set_dynamic);
 		},
 	}
@@ -228,14 +237,17 @@ fn compile_statement(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, initial_s
 		switch (current_statement.kind) {
 			.@"return" => |@"return"| {
 				if (@"return".returned_expression) |expression| {
-					try self.compile_expression(environment, expression);
+					try self.compile_expression(environment, expression, null);
 				} else {
 					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_nil);
 				}
+
+				// TODO: Omit ret calls at ends of chunk.
+				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.ret);
 			},
 
 			.@"while" => |@"while"| {
-				try self.compile_expression(environment, @"while".loop_expression);
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, @"while".loop_expression, null);
 				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.jf = 0});
 
 				const origin_index = @as(u32, @intCast(self.chunk.opcodes.values.len - 1));
@@ -243,12 +255,12 @@ fn compile_statement(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, initial_s
 				_ = try self.compile_statement(environment, @"while".loop);
 				self.chunk.opcodes.values[origin_index].jf = @intCast(self.chunk.opcodes.values.len - 1);
 
-				try self.compile_expression(environment, @"while".loop_expression);
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, @"while".loop_expression, null);
 				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.jt = origin_index});
 			},
 
 			.@"if" => |@"if"| {
-				try self.compile_expression(environment, @"if".then_expression);
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, @"if".then_expression, null);
 				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.jf = 0});
 
 				const origin_index = @as(u32, @intCast(self.chunk.opcodes.values.len - 1));
@@ -262,15 +274,15 @@ fn compile_statement(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, initial_s
 			},
 
 			.declare => |declare| {
-				try self.compile_expression(environment, declare.initial_expression);
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, declare.initial_expression, declare.declaration.identifier);
 
-				if (declare.declaration.is.captured and !declare.declaration.is.readonly) {
+				if (is_declaration_boxed(declare.declaration)) {
 					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_boxed);
 				}
 			},
 
 			.top_expression => |top_expression| {
-				try self.compile_expression(environment, top_expression);
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, top_expression, null);
 
 				if (top_expression.kind == .invoke) {
 					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.pop);
@@ -282,9 +294,13 @@ fn compile_statement(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, initial_s
 	}
 }
 
+const constants_max = @as(usize, coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int));
+
 fn declare_chunk(self: Self, chunk: Chunk) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
 	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int)) {
-		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than 65,535 constants");
+		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than {max} constants", .{
+			.max = @as(usize, coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int)),
+		});
 	}
 
 	const constant = try self.env.new_dynamic(coral.io.bytes_of(&chunk), Chunk.typeinfo);
@@ -297,8 +313,10 @@ fn declare_chunk(self: Self, chunk: Chunk) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
 }
 
 fn declare_fixed(self: Self, fixed: kym.Fixed) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
-	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int)) {
+	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == constants_max) {
-		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than 65,535 constants");
+		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than {max} constants", .{
+			.max = constants_max,
+		});
 	}
 
 	const constant = try self.env.new_fixed(fixed);
@@ -311,8 +329,10 @@ fn declare_fixed(self: Self, fixed: kym.Fixed) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
 }
 
 fn declare_float(self: Self, float: kym.Float) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
-	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int)) {
+	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == constants_max) {
-		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than 65,535 constants");
+		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than {max} constants", .{
+			.max = constants_max,
+		});
 	}
 
 	const constant = try self.env.new_float(float);
@@ -325,8 +345,10 @@ fn declare_float(self: Self, float: kym.Float) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
 }
 
 fn declare_string(self: Self, string: []const coral.io.Byte) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
-	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int)) {
+	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == constants_max) {
-		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than 65,535 constants");
+		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than {max} constants", .{
+			.max = constants_max,
+		});
 	}
 
 	const constant = try self.env.new_string(string);
@@ -339,8 +361,10 @@ fn declare_string(self: Self, string: []const coral.io.Byte) kym.RuntimeError!u1
 }
 
 fn declare_symbol(self: Self, symbol: []const coral.io.Byte) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
-	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int)) {
+	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == constants_max) {
-		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than 65,535 constants");
+		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than {max} constants", .{
+			.max = constants_max,
+		});
 	}
 
 	const constant = try self.env.new_symbol(symbol);
@@ -352,31 +376,35 @@ fn declare_symbol(self: Self, symbol: []const coral.io.Byte) kym.RuntimeError!u1
 	return @intCast(self.chunk.constants.values.len - 1);
 }
 
-pub fn get_capture_index(self: *const tree.Environment, declaration: *const tree.Declaration) ?u8 {
+pub fn get_binding_index(environment: *const tree.Environment, declaration: *const tree.Declaration) ?u8 {
-	if (self.enclosing) |enclosing_environment| {
+	var binding_index = @as(u8, 0);
-		var capture_index = @as(u8, 0);
 
-		while (capture_index < self.capture_count) : (capture_index += 1) {
+	while (binding_index < environment.capture_count) : (binding_index += 1) {
-			const captured_declaration_index = self.captures[capture_index];
+		var capture = &environment.captures[binding_index];
+		var target_environment = environment.enclosing orelse return null;
 
-			coral.debug.assert(captured_declaration_index < enclosing_environment.declaration_count);
+		while (capture.* == .capture_index) {
+			capture = &target_environment.captures[capture.capture_index];
+			target_environment = target_environment.enclosing orelse return null;
+		}
 
-			if (&enclosing_environment.declarations[captured_declaration_index] == declaration) {
+		coral.debug.assert(capture.* == .declaration_index);
-				return capture_index;
+
-			}
+		if (&target_environment.declarations[capture.declaration_index] == declaration) {
+			return binding_index;
 		}
 	}
 
 	return null;
 }
 
-pub fn get_local_index(self: *const tree.Environment, declaration: *const tree.Declaration) ?u8 {
+pub fn get_local_index(environment: *const tree.Environment, declaration: *const tree.Declaration) ?u8 {
-	var remaining = self.declaration_count;
+	var remaining = environment.declaration_count;
 
 	while (remaining != 0) {
 		remaining -= 1;
 
-		if (&self.declarations[remaining] == declaration) {
+		if (&environment.declarations[remaining] == declaration) {
 			return remaining;
 		}
 	}

source/ona/kym/tree.zig

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub const Declaration = struct {
 };
 
 pub const Environment = struct {
-	captures: [capture_max]u8 = [_]u8{0} ** capture_max,
+	captures: [capture_max]Capture = [_]Capture{.{.declaration_index = 0}} ** capture_max,
 	capture_count: u8 = 0,
 	declarations: [declaration_max]Declaration = [_]Declaration{.{.identifier = ""}} ** declaration_max,
 	declaration_count: u8 = 0,
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ pub const Environment = struct {
 	statement: ?*const Stmt = null,
 	enclosing: ?*Environment = null,
 
+	pub const Capture = union (enum) {
+		declaration_index: u8,
+		capture_index: u8,
+	};
+
 	const DeclareError = coral.io.AllocationError || error {
 		DeclarationExists,
 	};
@@ -93,7 +98,7 @@ pub const Environment = struct {
 
 	pub fn resolve_declaration(self: *Environment, identifier: []const coral.io.Byte) coral.io.AllocationError!?*const Declaration {
 		var environment = self;
-		var ancestry = @as(usize, 0);
+		var ancestry = @as(u32, 0);
 
 		while (true) : (ancestry += 1) {
 			var remaining_count = environment.declaration_count;
@@ -107,19 +112,27 @@ pub const Environment = struct {
 					if (ancestry != 0) {
 						declaration.is.captured = true;
 						environment = self;
+						ancestry -= 1;
 
 						while (ancestry != 0) : (ancestry -= 1) {
 							if (environment.capture_count == environment.captures.len) {
 								return error.OutOfMemory;
 							}
 
-							environment.captures[environment.capture_count] = remaining_count;
-							environment.capture_count += 1;
-
 							coral.debug.assert(environment.enclosing != null);
 
-							environment = environment.enclosing.?;
+							const enclosing_environment = environment.enclosing.?;
+
+							environment.captures[environment.capture_count] = .{
+								.capture_index = enclosing_environment.capture_count
+							};
+
+							environment.capture_count += 1;
+							environment = enclosing_environment;
 						}
+
+						environment.captures[environment.capture_count] = .{.declaration_index = remaining_count};
+						environment.capture_count += 1;
 					}
 
 					return declaration;
@@ -129,6 +142,14 @@ pub const Environment = struct {
 			environment = environment.enclosing orelse return null;
 		}
 	}
+
+	pub fn get_captures(self: *const Environment) []const Capture {
+		return self.captures[0 .. self.capture_count];
+	}
+
+	pub fn get_declarations(self: *const Environment) []const Declaration {
+		return self.declarations[0 .. self.declaration_count];
+	}
 };
 
 pub const ParseError = coral.io.AllocationError || error {