src/core/io.zig

@@ -3,53 +3,73 @@ const meta = @import("./meta.zig");
 const stack = @import("./stack.zig");
 const testing = @import("./testing.zig");
 
-///
-///
-///
-pub const Allocation = struct {
-    existing: ?[*]u8,
-    size: usize
-};
-
 ///
 /// Dynamic memory allocation interface.
 ///
-pub const Allocator = meta.Function(Allocation, ?[*]u8);
+pub const Allocator = union (enum) {
+    bound: struct {
+        alloc: fn (usize) ?[*]u8,
+        dealloc: fn ([*]u8) void,
+    },
 
-///
+    arena: struct {
-///
+        buffer: []u8,
-///
+        cursor: usize = 0,
-pub const ArenaAllocator = struct {
+    },
-    region: []u8,
-    cursor: usize = 0,
 
     ///
+    /// [MakeError.OutOfMemory] is used to indicate there is not enough memory available for a given
+    /// operation.
     ///
-    ///
+    pub const MakeError = error {
-    pub fn allocator(arena_allocator: *ArenaAllocator) Allocator {
+        OutOfMemory,
-        return Allocator.fromClosure(arena_allocator, struct {
+    };
-            fn call(context: *ArenaAllocator, allocation: Allocation) ?[*]u8 {
-                _ = allocation;
-                _ = context;
 
-                return null;
+    ///
-            }
+    /// Frees `allocation` using `allocator`.
-        }.call);
+    ///
+    pub fn free(allocator: *Allocator, allocation: anytype) void {
+        switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(allocation))) {
+            .Pointer => |pointer| if (pointer.size == .Slice)
+                @compileError("`allocation` cannot be a slice"),
+
+            else => @compileError("`allocation` must be a pointer"),
+        }
+
+        if (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(allocation)) != .Pointer)
+            @compileError("`allocation` must be a pointer");
+
+        // TODO: Implement arena de-allocation.
+        switch (allocator.*) {
+            .bound => |bound| bound.dealloc(@ptrCast([*]u8, allocation)),
+            .arena => {},
+        }
     }
-};
 
-///
+    ///
-///
+    /// Attempts to allocate `size` number of `Element`s using `allocator`.
-///
+    ///
-pub const MakeError = error {
+    /// Returns the allocation or a [MakeError] if it failed.
-    OutOfMemory,
+    ///
+    pub fn make(allocator: *Allocator, comptime Element: type, size: usize) MakeError![*]Element {
+        switch (allocator.*) {
+            .bound => |bound| return @ptrCast([*]Element, @alignCast(@alignOf(Element),
+                bound.alloc(@sizeOf(Element) * size) orelse return error.OutOfMemory)),
+
+            .arena => |*stack| {
+                defer stack.cursor += size;
+
+                return @ptrCast([*]Element, @alignCast(@alignOf(Element), stack.buffer.ptr));
+            },
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 ///
 /// Closure that captures a reference to readable resources like block devices, memory buffers,
 /// network sockets, and more.
 ///
-pub const Reader = meta.Function([]u8, usize);
+pub const Reader = meta.Function(@sizeOf(usize), []u8, usize);
 
 ///
 /// Returns a state machine for lazily computing all `Element` components of a given source input
@@ -167,7 +187,7 @@ test "Spliterator of string literals" {
 /// Closure that captures a reference to writable resources like block devices, memory buffers,
 /// network sockets, and more.
 ///
-pub const Writer = meta.Function([]const u8, usize);
+pub const Writer = meta.Function(@sizeOf(usize), []const u8, usize);
 
 ///
 /// Returns a sliced reference of the raw bytes in `pointer`.
@@ -317,24 +337,6 @@ test "Find first of sequence" {
     try testing.expect(findFirstOf([]const u8, haystack, &.{"baz", "bar"}, testEquality) == null);
 }
 
-///
-///
-///
-pub fn free(allocator: Allocator, allocated_memory: anytype) void {
-    if (allocator.call(.{
-        .existing = @ptrCast([*]u8, switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(allocated_memory))) {
-            .Pointer => |info| switch (info.size) {
-                .One, .Many, .C => allocated_memory,
-                .Slice => allocated_memory.ptr,
-            },
-
-            else => @compileError("`allocated_memory` must be a pointer"),
-        }),
-
-        .size = 0,
-    }) != null) unreachable;
-}
-
 ///
 /// Returns a deterministic hash code compiled from each byte in `bytes`.
 ///
@@ -355,16 +357,6 @@ test "Hashing bytes" {
     try testing.expect(hashBytes(bytes_sequence) != hashBytes(&.{69, 42}));
 }
 
-///
-///
-///
-pub fn makeMany(comptime Element: type, allocator: Allocator, size: usize) MakeError![*]Element {
-    return @ptrCast([*]Element, @alignCast(@alignOf(Element), allocator.call(.{
-        .existing = null,
-        .size = size,
-    }) orelse return error.OutOfMemory));
-}
-
 ///
 /// Swaps the `Data` in `this` with `that`.
 ///
@@ -385,19 +377,21 @@ test "Data swapping" {
 }
 
 ///
-/// [Writer] that silently consumes all given data without failure and throws it away.
+/// Returns a [Writer] that silently consumes all given data without failure and throws it away.
 ///
 /// This is commonly used for testing or redirected otherwise unwanted output data that has to be
 /// sent somewhere for whatever reason.
 ///
-pub const null_writer = Writer.from(struct {
+pub fn nullWriter() Writer {
-    fn write(buffer: []const u8) usize {
+    return Writer.capture(@as(usize, 0), struct {
-        return buffer.len;
+        fn write(_: usize, buffer: []const u8) usize {
-    }
+            return buffer.len;
-}.write);
+        }
+    }.write);
+}
 
 test "Null writing" {
     const sequence = "foo";
 
-    try testing.expect(null_writer.call(sequence) == sequence.len);
+    try testing.expect(nullWriter().call(sequence) == sequence.len);
 }

src/core/meta.zig

@@ -13,14 +13,10 @@ pub fn FnReturn(comptime Fn: type) type {
 /// Returns a single-input single-output closure type where `In` represents the input type, `Out`
 /// represents the output type, and `captures_size` represents the size of the closure context.
 ///
-pub fn Function(comptime In: type, comptime Out: type) type {
+pub fn Function(comptime captures_size: usize, comptime In: type, comptime Out: type) type {
     return struct {
         callErased: fn (*anyopaque, In) Out,
-        context: *anyopaque,
+        context: [captures_size]u8,
-
-        fn Invoker(comptime Context: type) type {
-            return if (Context == void) fn (In) Out else fn (Context, In) Out;
-        }
 
         ///
         /// Function type.
@@ -30,56 +26,38 @@ pub fn Function(comptime In: type, comptime Out: type) type {
         ///
         /// Invokes `self` with `input`, producing a result according to the current context data.
         ///
-        pub fn call(self: Self, input: In) Out {
+        pub fn call(self: *Self, input: In) Out {
-            return self.callErased(self.context, input);
+            return self.callErased(&self.context, input);
         }
 
         ///
-        /// Creates and returns a [Self] using the `invoke` as the behavior executed when [call] or
+        /// Creates a new [Self] by capturing the `captures` value as the context and `invoke` as
-        /// [callErased] is called.
+        /// the as the behavior executed when [call] or [callErased] is called.
-        ///
-        /// For creating a closure-style function, see [fromClosure].
-        ///
-        pub fn from(comptime invoke: fn (In) Out) Self {
-            return .{
-                .context = undefined,
-
-                .callErased = struct {
-                    fn callErased(_: *anyopaque, input: In) Out {
-                        return invoke(input);
-                    }
-                }.callErased,
-            };
-        }
-
-        ///
-        /// Creates and returns a [Self] by capturing the `context` value as the capture context and
-        /// `invoke` as the behavior executed when [call] or [callErased] is called.
         ///
         /// The newly created [Self] is returned.
         ///
-        pub fn fromClosure(context: anytype, comptime invoke: fn (@TypeOf(context), In) Out) Self {
+        pub fn capture(captures: anytype, comptime invoke: fn (@TypeOf(captures), In) Out) Self {
-            const Context = @TypeOf(context);
+            const Captures = @TypeOf(captures);
 
-            switch (@typeInfo(Context)) {
+            if (@sizeOf(Captures) > captures_size)
-                .Pointer => |info| if (info.size == .Slice)
+                @compileError("`captures` exceeds the size limit of the capture context");
-                    @compileError("`context` cannot be a slice"),
 
-                .Void => {},
+            const captures_align = @alignOf(Captures);
-                else => @compileError("`context` must be a pointer"),
-            }
 
             var function = Self{
-                .context = @ptrCast(*anyopaque, context),
+                .context = undefined,
 
                 .callErased = struct {
                     fn callErased(erased: *anyopaque, input: In) Out {
-                        return if (Context == void) invoke(input) else invoke(@ptrCast(
+                        return invoke(if (Captures == void) {} else @ptrCast(*Captures,
-                            *Context, @alignCast(@alignOf(Context), erased)).*, input);
+                            @alignCast(@alignOf(Captures), erased)).*, input);
                     }
                 }.callErased,
             };
 
+            if (Captures != void)
+                @ptrCast(*Captures, @alignCast(captures_align, &function.context)).* = captures;
+
             return function;
         }
     };

src/core/stack.zig

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ test "Fixed stack of string literals" {
 ///
 /// Potential errors that may occur while trying to push one or more elements into a stack.
 ///
-pub const PushError = io.MakeError;
+pub const PushError = io.Allocator.MakeError;
 
 ///
 /// Returns an [io.Writer] wrapping `fixed_stack`.
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ pub const PushError = io.MakeError;
 /// referenced by `fixed_stack` until it is full.
 ///
 pub fn fixedWriter(fixed_stack: *Fixed(u8)) io.Writer {
-    return io.Writer.fromClosure(fixed_stack, struct {
+    return io.Writer.capture(fixed_stack, struct {
         fn write(stack: *Fixed(u8), buffer: []const u8) usize {
             stack.pushAll(buffer) catch |err| switch (err) {
                 error.OutOfMemory => return 0,

src/core/table.zig

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub fn Hashed(comptime Key: type, comptime Value: type,
     const Allocator = io.Allocator;
 
     return struct {
-        allocator: Allocator,
+        allocator: *Allocator,
         load_limit: f32,
         buckets: []Bucket,
         filled: usize,
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub fn Hashed(comptime Key: type, comptime Value: type,
         /// Deinitializes `self`, preventing any further use.
         ///
         pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
-            io.free(self.allocator, self.buckets);
+            self.allocator.free(self.buckets.ptr);
 
             self.buckets = &.{};
         }
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ pub fn Hashed(comptime Key: type, comptime Value: type,
         ///
         /// Initializes a [Self] using `allocator` as the memory allocation strategy.
         ///
-        /// Returns a new [Self] value or an [io.MakeError] if initializing failed.
+        /// Returns a new [Self] value or an [io.Allocator.MakeError] if initializing failed.
         ///
-        pub fn init(allocator: Allocator) io.MakeError!Self {
+        pub fn init(allocator: *Allocator) Allocator.MakeError!Self {
             const initial_capacity = 4;
 
             return Self{
-                .buckets = (try io.makeMany(Bucket, allocator, initial_capacity))[0 .. initial_capacity],
+                .buckets = (try allocator.make(Bucket, initial_capacity))[0 .. initial_capacity],
                 .filled = 0,
                 .allocator = allocator,
                 .load_limit = 0.75,
@@ -99,12 +99,11 @@ pub fn Hashed(comptime Key: type, comptime Value: type,
             if (self.loadFactor() >= self.load_limit) {
                 const old_buckets = self.buckets;
 
-                defer io.free(self.allocator, old_buckets);
+                defer self.allocator.free(old_buckets.ptr);
 
                 const bucket_count = old_buckets.len * 2;
 
-                self.buckets = (try io.makeMany(Bucket, self.allocator,
+                self.buckets = (try self.allocator.make(Bucket, bucket_count))[0 .. bucket_count];
-                    bucket_count))[0 .. bucket_count];
 
                 for (old_buckets) |bucket, index| self.buckets[index] = bucket;
             }
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ pub fn Hashed(comptime Key: type, comptime Value: type,
 /// [InsertError.KeyExists] occurs when an insertion was attempted on a table with a matching key
 /// already present.
 ///
-pub const InsertError = io.MakeError || error {
+pub const InsertError = io.Allocator.MakeError || error {
     KeyExists,
 };
 
@@ -198,10 +197,8 @@ pub const string_literal_context = KeyContext([]const u8){
 
 test "Hash table manipulation with string literal context" {
     var buffer = [_]u8{0} ** 1024;
-    var arena_allocator = io.ArenaAllocator{.region = &buffer};
+    var allocator = io.Allocator{.arena = .{.buffer = &buffer}};
-
+    var table = try Hashed([]const u8, u32, string_literal_context).init(&allocator);
-    var table =
-        try Hashed([]const u8, u32, string_literal_context).init(arena_allocator.allocator());
 
     defer table.deinit();