Merge pull request 'Rewrite Ona Script implementation' (#43) from kym-rewrite into main

Reviewed-on: #43

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
 	"files.insertFinalNewline": true,
 	"files.trimTrailingWhitespace": true,
+	"zig.initialSetupDone": true,
 
 	"[zig]": {
 		"editor.formatOnSave": false,

debug/app.ona

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 
-var printer = lambda (pfx):
+let printer = lambda ():
 	return lambda (msg):
 		@print("This is a func call")
 		@print(msg)
 	end
 end
 
-let pr = printer("This is a func call")
+let pr = printer()
 var i = 0
 
-pr("")
+pr("test")
 
 while i < 5:
 	pr("hello, world")

source/coral/io.zig

@@ -217,12 +217,12 @@ pub fn all_equals(target: []const Byte, match: Byte) bool {
 	return true;
 }
 
-pub fn allocate_copy(allocator: Allocator, source: []const Byte) AllocationError![]Byte {
-	const allocation = try allocator.actions.reallocate(allocator.context, @returnAddress(), null, source.len);
+pub fn allocate_copy(comptime Element: type, allocator: Allocator, source: []const Element) AllocationError![]Element {
+	const allocation = try allocator.actions.reallocate(allocator.context, @returnAddress(), null, @sizeOf(Element) * source.len);
 
-	copy(allocation, source);
+	copy(allocation, bytes_of(source));
 
-	return allocation;
+	return @as([*]Element, @ptrCast(@alignCast(allocation.ptr)))[0 .. source.len];
 }
 
 pub fn allocate_many(allocator: Allocator, count: usize, value: anytype) AllocationError![]@TypeOf(value) {
@@ -332,24 +332,6 @@ pub fn djb2_hash(comptime int: std.builtin.Type.Int, target: []const Byte) math.
 	return hash_code;
 }
 
-pub fn ends_with(target: []const Byte, match: []const Byte) bool {
-	if (target.len < match.len) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	{
-		var index = @as(usize, 0);
-
-		while (index < match.len) : (index += 1) {
-			if (target[target.len - (1 + index)] != match[match.len - (1 + index)]) {
-				return false;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
 pub fn find_first(haystack: []const Byte, needle: Byte) ?usize {
 	for (0 .. haystack.len) |i| {
 		if (haystack[i] == needle) {

source/coral/list.zig

@@ -16,6 +16,16 @@ pub fn Stack(comptime Value: type) type {
 			self.values = self.values[0 .. 0];
 		}
 
+		pub fn drop(self: *Self, count: usize) bool {
+			if (math.checked_sub(self.values, count)) |updated_count| {
+				self.values = self.values[0 .. updated_count];
+
+				return true;
+			}
+
+			return false;
+		}
+
 		pub fn free(self: *Self) void {
 			if (self.capacity == 0) {
 				return;

source/coral/utf8.zig

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pub const DecimalFormat = struct {
 	delimiter: []const io.Byte,
 	positive_prefix: enum {none, plus, space},
 
-	const default = DecimalFormat{
+	pub const default = DecimalFormat{
 		.delimiter = "",
 		.positive_prefix = .none,
 	};
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ pub const DecimalFormat = struct {
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn print(self: DecimalFormat, writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) PrintError!void {
+	pub fn print(self: DecimalFormat, writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) ?usize {
 		if (value == 0) {
 			return print_string(writer, switch (self.positive_prefix) {
 				.none => "0",
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ pub const DecimalFormat = struct {
 					var decomposable_value = value;
 
 					while (decomposable_value != 0) : (buffer_start -= 1) {
-						buffer[buffer_start] = @intCast((decomposable_value % radix) + '0');
-						decomposable_value = (decomposable_value / radix);
+						buffer[buffer_start] = @intCast(@mod(decomposable_value, radix) + '0');
+						decomposable_value = @divTrunc(decomposable_value, radix);
 					}
 				}
 
@@ -149,10 +149,33 @@ pub const DecimalFormat = struct {
 					}
 				}
 
-				try print_string(writer, buffer[buffer_start ..]);
+				return print_string(writer, buffer[buffer_start ..]);
 			},
 
-			else => unformattableMessage(ValueType),
+			.Float => |float| {
+				var length = @as(usize, 0);
+
+				if (value < 0) {
+					length += print_string(writer, "-") orelse return null;
+				}
+
+				const Float = @TypeOf(value);
+
+				const Int = math.Int(.{
+					.bits = float.bits,
+					.signedness = .unsigned,
+				});
+
+				const integer = @as(Int, @intFromFloat(value));
+
+				length += self.print(writer, integer) orelse return null;
+				length += print_string(writer, ".") orelse return null;
+				length += self.print(writer, @as(Int, @intFromFloat((value - @as(Float, @floatFromInt(integer))) * 100))) orelse return null;
+
+				return length;
+			},
+
+			else => @compileError(unformattableMessage(ValueType)),
 		}
 	}
 };
@@ -168,7 +191,7 @@ pub const HexadecimalFormat = struct {
 		.casing = .lower,
 	};
 
-	pub fn print(self: HexadecimalFormat, writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) PrintError!void {
+	pub fn print(self: HexadecimalFormat, writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) ?usize {
 		// TODO: Implement.
 		_ = self;
 		_ = writer;
@@ -176,19 +199,32 @@ pub const HexadecimalFormat = struct {
 	}
 };
 
-pub const PrintError = error {
-	PrintFailed,
-	PrintIncomplete,
-};
+pub fn alloc_formatted(allocator: io.Allocator, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) io.AllocationError![]io.Byte {
+	const formatted_len = print_formatted(io.null_writer, format, args);
 
-pub fn print_string(writer: io.Writer, utf8: []const io.Byte) PrintError!void {
-	if ((writer.invoke(utf8) orelse return error.PrintFailed) != utf8.len) {
-		return error.PrintIncomplete;
+	debug.assert(formatted_len != null);
+
+	const allocation = try allocator.reallocate(null, formatted_len.?);
+
+	errdefer allocator.deallocate(allocation);
+
+	{
+		var fixed_buffer = io.FixedBuffer{.bytes = allocation};
+
+		debug.assert(print_formatted(fixed_buffer.as_writer(), format, args) == formatted_len);
 	}
+
+	return allocation;
 }
 
-pub fn print_formatted(writer: io.Writer, comptime format: []const u8, arguments: anytype) PrintError!void {
-	switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(arguments))) {
+pub fn print_string(writer: io.Writer, utf8: []const u8) ?usize {
+	return writer.invoke(utf8);
+}
+
+pub fn print_formatted(writer: io.Writer, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) ?usize {
+	var length = @as(usize, 0);
+
+	switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(args))) {
 		.Struct => |arguments_struct| {
 			comptime var arg_index = 0;
 			comptime var head = 0;
@@ -204,8 +240,7 @@ pub fn print_formatted(writer: io.Writer, comptime format: []const u8, arguments
 
 					switch (format[tail]) {
 						'{' => {
-							try print_string(writer, format[head .. (tail - 1)]);
-
+							length += print_string(writer, format[head .. (tail - 1)]) orelse return null;
 							tail += 1;
 							head = tail;
 						},
@@ -215,8 +250,7 @@ pub fn print_formatted(writer: io.Writer, comptime format: []const u8, arguments
 								@compileError("all format specifiers must be named when using a named struct");
 							}
 
-							try print_string(writer, arguments[arg_index]);
-
+							length += print_string(writer, args[arg_index]) orelse return null;
 							arg_index += 1;
 							tail += 1;
 							head = tail;
@@ -227,8 +261,7 @@ pub fn print_formatted(writer: io.Writer, comptime format: []const u8, arguments
 								@compileError("format specifiers cannot be named when using a tuple struct");
 							}
 
-							try print_string(writer, format[head .. (tail - 1)]);
-
+							length += print_string(writer, format[head .. (tail - 1)]) orelse return null;
 							head = tail;
 							tail += 1;
 
@@ -244,21 +277,24 @@ pub fn print_formatted(writer: io.Writer, comptime format: []const u8, arguments
 								debug.assert(tail < format.len);
 							}
 
-							try print_value(writer, @field(arguments, format[head .. tail]));
-
+							length += print_value(writer, @field(args, format[head .. tail])) orelse return null;
 							tail += 1;
 							head = tail;
 						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
+
+			length += print_string(writer, format[head .. ]) orelse return null;
 		},
 
 		else => @compileError("`arguments` must be a struct type"),
 	}
+
+	return length;
 }
 
-noinline fn print_value(writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) PrintError!void {
+noinline fn print_value(writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) ?usize {
 	const Value = @TypeOf(value);
 
 	return switch (@typeInfo(Value)) {

source/ona/heap.zig

@@ -61,88 +61,86 @@ const AllocationNode = struct {
 const Context = struct {
 	head: ?*AllocationNode = null,
 
-	fn deallocate(self: *Context, allocation: []u8) void {
-		switch (builtin.mode) {
-			.Debug, .ReleaseSafe => {
-				const panic_message = "incorrect allocation address for deallocating";
-				var current_node = self.head orelse @panic(panic_message);
+	fn deallocate(_: *Context, allocation: []coral.io.Byte) void {
+		// switch (builtin.mode) {
+		// 	.Debug, .ReleaseSafe => {
+		// 		const panic_message = "incorrect allocation address for deallocating";
+		// 		var current_node = self.head orelse @panic(panic_message);
 
-				if (current_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
-					self.head = current_node.next;
+		// 		if (current_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
+		// 			self.head = current_node.next;
 
-					return current_node.dealloc();
-				}
+		// 			return current_node.dealloc();
+		// 		}
 
-				while (true) {
-					const next_node = current_node.next orelse @panic(panic_message);
+		// 		while (true) {
+		// 			const next_node = current_node.next orelse @panic(panic_message);
 
-					if (next_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
-						current_node.next = next_node.next;
+		// 			if (next_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
+		// 				current_node.next = next_node.next;
 
-						return next_node.dealloc();
-					}
+		// 				return next_node.dealloc();
+		// 			}
 
-					current_node = next_node;
-				}
-			},
+		// 			current_node = next_node;
+		// 		}
+		// 	},
 
-			.ReleaseFast, .ReleaseSmall => {
+			// .ReleaseFast, .ReleaseSmall => {
 				ext.SDL_free(allocation.ptr);
-			},
-		}
+			// },
+		// }
 	}
 
-	fn reallocate(self: *Context, return_address: usize, existing_allocation: ?[]u8, size: usize) coral.io.AllocationError![]u8 {
-		switch (builtin.mode) {
-			.Debug, .ReleaseSafe => {
-				if (existing_allocation) |allocation| {
-					const panic_message = "incorrect allocation address for reallocating";
-					var current_node = self.head orelse @panic(panic_message);
+	fn reallocate(_: *Context, _: usize, existing_allocation: ?[]coral.io.Byte, size: usize) coral.io.AllocationError![]coral.io.Byte {
+		// switch (builtin.mode) {
+		// 	.Debug, .ReleaseSafe => {
+		// 		if (existing_allocation) |allocation| {
+		// 			const panic_message = "incorrect allocation address for reallocating";
+		// 			var current_node = self.head orelse @panic(panic_message);
 
-					if (current_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
-						const node = current_node.realloc(size, return_address);
+		// 			if (current_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
+		// 				const node = current_node.realloc(size, return_address);
 
-						self.head = node;
+		// 				self.head = node;
 
-						return node.userdata();
-					}
+		// 				return node.userdata();
+		// 			}
 
-					while (true) {
-						const next_node = current_node.next orelse @panic(panic_message);
+		// 			while (true) {
+		// 				const next_node = current_node.next orelse @panic(panic_message);
 
-						if (next_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
-							const node = next_node.realloc(size, return_address);
+		// 				if (next_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
+		// 					const node = next_node.realloc(size, return_address);
 
-							current_node.next = node;
+		// 					current_node.next = node;
 
-							return node.userdata();
-						}
+		// 					return node.userdata();
+		// 				}
 
-						current_node = next_node;
-					}
-				} else {
-					const node = AllocationNode.alloc(size, return_address);
+		// 				current_node = next_node;
+		// 			}
+		// 		} else {
+		// 			const node = AllocationNode.alloc(size, return_address);
 
-					if (self.head) |head| {
-						node.next = head;
-					}
+		// 			if (self.head) |head| {
+		// 				node.next = head;
+		// 			}
 
-					self.head = node;
+		// 			self.head = node;
 
-					return node.userdata();
-				}
-			},
+		// 			return node.userdata();
+		// 		}
+		// 	},
 
-			.ReleaseFast, .ReleaseSmall => {
+		// 	.ReleaseFast, .ReleaseSmall => {
 				if (existing_allocation) |allocation | {
-					return @as([*]u8, ext.SDL_realloc(allocation.ptr, size) orelse {
-						return error.OutOfMemory;
-					})[0 .. size];
+					return @as([*]coral.io.Byte, @ptrCast(ext.SDL_realloc(allocation.ptr, size) orelse return error.OutOfMemory))[0 .. size];
 				}
 
-				return @as([*]u8, ext.SDL_malloc(size) orelse return error.OutOfMemory)[0 .. size];
-			},
-		}
+				return @as([*]u8, @ptrCast(ext.SDL_malloc(size) orelse return error.OutOfMemory))[0 .. size];
+		// 	},
+		// }
 	}
 };
 

source/ona/kym/Chunk.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,570 @@
+const Compiler = @import("./Compiler.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const file = @import("../file.zig");
+
+const kym = @import("../kym.zig");
+
+const tree = @import("./tree.zig");
+
+name: *kym.RuntimeRef,
+arity: u8,
+opcodes: OpcodeList,
+constants: ConstList,
+
+const Builtin = enum {
+	import,
+	print,
+	vec2,
+	vec3,
+};
+
+const ConstList = coral.list.Stack(*kym.RuntimeRef);
+
+const OpcodeList = coral.list.Stack(union (enum) {
+	pop,
+	push_nil,
+	push_true,
+	push_false,
+	push_const: u16,
+	push_local: u8,
+	push_top,
+	push_table: u32,
+	push_builtin: Builtin,
+	push_closure: u8,
+	push_self,
+	push_boxed,
+	set_local: u8,
+	get_dynamic,
+	set_dynamic,
+	call: u8,
+
+	not,
+	neg,
+
+	add,
+	sub,
+	mul,
+	div,
+
+	eql,
+	cgt,
+	clt,
+	cge,
+	cle,
+
+	jt: u32,
+	jf: u32,
+});
+
+const Self = @This();
+
+pub fn dump(chunk: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv) kym.RuntimeError!*kym.RuntimeRef {
+	var opcode_cursor = @as(u32, 0);
+	var buffer = coral.list.ByteStack.make(env.allocator);
+
+	defer buffer.free();
+
+	const writer = coral.list.stack_as_writer(&buffer);
+	_ = coral.utf8.print_string(writer, coral.io.slice_sentineled(@as(coral.io.Byte, 0), try env.unbox_symbol(chunk.name)));
+
+	_ = coral.utf8.print_string(writer, ":\n");
+
+	while (opcode_cursor < chunk.opcodes.values.len) : (opcode_cursor += 1) {
+		_ = coral.utf8.print_formatted(writer, "[{instruction}]: ", .{.instruction = opcode_cursor});
+
+		_ = switch (chunk.opcodes.values[opcode_cursor]) {
+			.pop => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "pop\n"),
+			.push_nil => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "push nil\n"),
+			.push_true => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "push true\n"),
+			.push_false => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "push false\n"),
+
+			.push_const => |push_const| print: {
+				if (push_const >= chunk.constants.values.len) {
+					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "invalid constant");
+				}
+
+				const string_ref = try env.to_string(chunk.constants.values[push_const]);
+
+				defer env.discard(string_ref);
+
+				const string = string_ref.as_string();
+
+				coral.debug.assert(string != null);
+
+				break: print coral.utf8.print_formatted(writer, "push const <{value}>\n", .{.value = string.?});
+			},
+
+			.push_local => |push_local| coral.utf8.print_formatted(writer, "push local <{local}>\n", .{
+				.local = push_local,
+			}),
+
+			.push_top => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "push top\n"),
+
+			.push_table => |push_table| coral.utf8.print_formatted(writer, "push table <{count}>\n", .{
+				.count = push_table,
+			}),
+
+			.push_boxed => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "push boxed\n"),
+			.push_self => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "push self\n"),
+
+			.push_closure => |push_closure| coral.utf8.print_formatted(writer, "push closure <{count}>\n", .{
+				.count = push_closure,
+			}),
+
+			.push_builtin => |push_builtin| coral.utf8.print_formatted(writer, "push builtin <{builtin}>\n", .{
+				.builtin = switch (push_builtin) {
+					.import => "import",
+					.print => "print",
+					.vec2 => "vec2",
+					.vec3 => "vec3",
+				},
+			}),
+
+			.set_local => |local_set| coral.utf8.print_formatted(writer, "set local <{local}>\n", .{.local = local_set}),
+			.get_dynamic => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "get dynamic\n"),
+			.set_dynamic => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "set dynamic\n"),
+			.call => |call| coral.utf8.print_formatted(writer, "call <{count}>\n", .{.count = call}),
+			.not => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "not\n"),
+			.neg => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "neg\n"),
+			.add => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "add\n"),
+			.sub => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "sub\n"),
+			.mul => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "mul\n"),
+			.div => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "div\n"),
+			.eql => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "eql\n"),
+			.cgt => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "cgt\n"),
+			.clt => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "clt\n"),
+			.cge => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "cge\n"),
+			.cle => coral.utf8.print_string(writer, "cle\n"),
+			.jf => |jf| coral.utf8.print_formatted(writer, "jf <{instruction}>\n", .{.instruction = jf}),
+			.jt => |jt| coral.utf8.print_formatted(writer, "jt <{instruction}>\n", .{.instruction = jt}),
+		};
+	}
+
+	return env.new_string(buffer.values);
+}
+
+pub fn execute(chunk: Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeRef {
+	var opcode_cursor = @as(u32, 0);
+
+	while (opcode_cursor < chunk.opcodes.values.len) : (opcode_cursor += 1) {
+		switch (chunk.opcodes.values[opcode_cursor]) {
+			.pop => {
+				if (try env.pop_local()) |ref| {
+					env.discard(ref);
+				}
+			},
+
+			.push_nil => try env.locals.push_one(null),
+			.push_true => try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(true)),
+			.push_false => try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(false)),
+
+			.push_const => |push_const| {
+				if (push_const >= chunk.constants.values.len) {
+					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "invalid constant");
+				}
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(chunk.constants.values[push_const].acquire());
+			},
+
+			.push_local => |push_local| {
+				if (push_local >= env.locals.values.len) {
+					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "invalid local");
+				}
+
+				if (env.locals.values[frame.locals_top + push_local]) |local| {
+					try env.locals.push_one(local.acquire());
+				} else {
+					try env.locals.push_one(null);
+				}
+			},
+
+			.push_top => {
+				const frame_locals = env.locals.values[frame.locals_top ..];
+
+				if (frame_locals.len == 0) {
+					return env.raise(error.IllegalState, "stack overflow");
+				}
+
+				if (frame_locals[frame_locals.len - 1]) |local| {
+					try env.locals.push_one(local.acquire());
+				} else {
+					try env.locals.push_one(null);
+				}
+			},
+
+			.push_table => |push_table| {
+				const table = try env.new_table();
+
+				errdefer env.discard(table);
+
+				{
+					var popped = @as(usize, 0);
+
+					while (popped < push_table) : (popped += 1) {
+						const index = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+						defer env.discard(index);
+
+						if (try env.pop_local()) |value| {
+							defer env.discard(value);
+
+							try env.set(table, index, value);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(table);
+			},
+
+			.push_boxed => {
+				// TODO: Implement.
+				unreachable;
+			},
+
+			.push_self => {
+				// TODO: Implement.
+				unreachable;
+			},
+
+			.push_closure => |push_closure| {
+				// TODO: Implement.
+				_ = push_closure;
+				unreachable;
+			},
+
+			.push_builtin => |push_builtin| {
+				const builtin_syscall = try env.new_syscall(switch (push_builtin) {
+					.import => syscall_import,
+					.print => syscall_print,
+					.vec2 => syscall_vec2,
+					.vec3 => syscall_vec3,
+				});
+
+				errdefer env.discard(builtin_syscall);
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(builtin_syscall);
+			},
+
+			.set_local => |local_set| {
+				const local = &env.locals.values[frame.locals_top + local_set];
+
+				if (local.*) |previous_local| {
+					env.discard(previous_local);
+				}
+
+				local.* = try env.pop_local();
+			},
+
+			.get_dynamic => {
+				const index = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(index);
+
+				const indexable = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(indexable);
+
+				const value = try env.get(indexable, index);
+
+				errdefer {
+					if (value) |ref| {
+						env.discard(ref);
+					}
+				}
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(value);
+			},
+
+			.set_dynamic => {
+				const value = try env.pop_local();
+
+				defer {
+					if (value) |ref| {
+						env.discard(ref);
+					}
+				}
+
+				const index = try env.pop_local() orelse {
+					return env.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "nil is not a valid index");
+				};
+
+				defer env.discard(index);
+
+				const indexable = try env.pop_local() orelse {
+					return env.raise(error.TypeMismatch, "nil is not a valid indexable");
+				};
+
+				defer env.discard(indexable);
+
+				try env.set(indexable, index, value);
+			},
+
+			.call => |call| {
+				const result = call: {
+					const callable = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+					defer env.discard(callable);
+
+					const call_frame = try env.push_frame(call);
+
+					defer env.pop_frame();
+
+					break: call try env.call_frame(callable, call_frame);
+				};
+
+				errdefer {
+					if (result) |ref| {
+						env.discard(ref);
+					}
+				}
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(result);
+			},
+
+			.not => {
+				if (try env.pop_local()) |value| {
+					defer env.discard(value);
+
+					try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(!value.is_truthy()));
+				} else {
+					try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(true));
+				}
+			},
+
+			.neg => {
+				const value = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(value);
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(try env.neg(value));
+			},
+
+			.add => {
+				const rhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(rhs);
+
+				const lhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(lhs);
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(try env.add(lhs, rhs));
+			},
+
+			.sub => {
+				const rhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(rhs);
+
+				const lhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(lhs);
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(try env.sub(lhs, rhs));
+			},
+
+			.mul => {
+				const rhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(rhs);
+
+				const lhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(lhs);
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(try env.mul(lhs, rhs));
+			},
+
+			.div => {
+				const rhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(rhs);
+
+				const lhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(lhs);
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(try env.div(lhs, rhs));
+			},
+
+			.eql => {
+				if (try env.pop_local()) |rhs| {
+					env.discard(rhs);
+
+					if (try env.pop_local()) |lhs| {
+						env.discard(lhs);
+
+						try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(lhs.equals(rhs)));
+					} else {
+						try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(false));
+					}
+				} else {
+					if (try env.pop_local()) |lhs| {
+						env.discard(lhs);
+
+						try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(false));
+					} else {
+						try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(true));
+					}
+				}
+			},
+
+			.cgt => {
+				const rhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(rhs);
+
+				const lhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(lhs);
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(try env.compare(lhs, rhs) > 0));
+			},
+
+			.clt => {
+				const rhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(rhs);
+
+				const lhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(lhs);
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(try env.compare(lhs, rhs) < 0));
+			},
+
+			.cge => {
+				const rhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(rhs);
+
+				const lhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(lhs);
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(try env.compare(lhs, rhs) >= 0));
+			},
+
+			.cle => {
+				const rhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(rhs);
+
+				const lhs = try env.expect(try env.pop_local());
+
+				defer env.discard(lhs);
+
+				try env.locals.push_one(try env.new_boolean(try env.compare(lhs, rhs) <= 0));
+			},
+
+			.jf => |jf| {
+				if (try env.pop_local()) |condition| {
+					defer env.discard(condition);
+
+					if (!condition.is_truthy()) {
+						opcode_cursor = jf;
+					}
+				} else {
+					opcode_cursor = jf;
+				}
+			},
+
+			.jt => |jt| {
+				if (try env.pop_local()) |condition| {
+					defer env.discard(condition);
+
+					if (condition.is_truthy()) {
+						opcode_cursor = jt;
+					}
+				}
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	return env.pop_local();
+}
+
+pub fn free(self: *Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv) void {
+	while (self.constants.pop()) |constant| {
+		env.discard(constant);
+	}
+
+	self.constants.free();
+	self.opcodes.free();
+	env.discard(self.name);
+}
+
+pub fn make(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, name: []const coral.io.Byte, environment: *const tree.Environment) kym.RuntimeError!Self {
+	var chunk = Self{
+		.name = try env.new_symbol(name),
+		.opcodes = OpcodeList.make(env.allocator),
+		.constants = ConstList.make(env.allocator),
+		.arity = 0,
+	};
+
+	var compiler = Compiler{
+		.chunk = &chunk,
+		.env = env,
+	};
+
+	try compiler.compile_environment(environment);
+
+	return chunk;
+}
+
+fn syscall_import(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeRef {
+	return env.import(file.Path.from(&.{try env.unbox_string(try frame.get_arg(env, 0))}));
+}
+
+fn syscall_print(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeRef {
+	env.print(try env.unbox_string(try frame.get_arg(env, 0)));
+
+	return null;
+}
+
+fn syscall_vec2(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeRef {
+	const x = @as(f32, @floatCast(try env.unbox_float(try frame.get_arg(env, 0))));
+
+	if (frame.has_arg(env, 1)) |y| {
+		return env.new_vector2(x, @floatCast(try env.unbox_float(y)));
+	}
+
+	return env.new_vector2(x, x);
+}
+
+fn syscall_vec3(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeRef {
+	const x = @as(f32, @floatCast(try env.unbox_float(try frame.get_arg(env, 0))));
+
+	if (frame.has_arg(env, 1)) |y| {
+		return env.new_vector3(
+			x,
+			@floatCast(try env.unbox_float(y)),
+			@floatCast(try env.unbox_float(try frame.get_arg(env, 2))),
+		);
+	}
+
+	return env.new_vector3(x, x, x);
+}
+
+pub const typeinfo = &kym.Typeinfo{
+	.size = @sizeOf(Self),
+	.name = "lambda",
+	.destruct = typeinfo_destruct,
+	.call = typeinfo_call,
+};
+
+fn typeinfo_call(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, userdata: []coral.io.Byte, frame: kym.Frame) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeRef {
+	const chunk = @as(*Self, @ptrCast(@alignCast(userdata)));
+
+	if (frame.arg_count < chunk.arity) {
+		return env.raise(error.BadOperation, "expected more arguments");
+	}
+
+	return chunk.execute(env, frame);
+}
+
+fn typeinfo_destruct(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, userdata: []coral.io.Byte) void {
+	@as(*Self, @ptrCast(@alignCast(userdata))).free(env);
+}

source/ona/kym/Compiler.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+const Chunk = @import("./Chunk.zig");
+
+const Expr = @import("./Expr.zig");
+
+const Stmt = @import("./Stmt.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const kym = @import("../kym.zig");
+
+const tree = @import("./tree.zig");
+
+chunk: *Chunk,
+env: *kym.RuntimeEnv,
+
+const Self = @This();
+
+fn compile_argument(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, initial_argument: ?*const Expr) kym.RuntimeError!u8 {
+	// TODO: Exceeding 255 arguments will make the VM crash.
+	var maybe_argument = initial_argument;
+	var argument_count = @as(u8, 0);
+
+	while (maybe_argument) |argument| {
+		try self.compile_expression(environment, argument);
+
+		maybe_argument = argument.next;
+		argument_count += 1;
+	}
+
+	return argument_count;
+}
+
+fn compile_expression(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, expression: *const Expr) kym.RuntimeError!void {
+	const number_format = coral.utf8.DecimalFormat{
+		.delimiter = "_",
+		.positive_prefix = .none,
+	};
+
+	switch (expression.kind) {
+		.nil_literal => try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_nil),
+		.true_literal => try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_true),
+		.false_literal => try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_false),
+
+		.number_literal => |literal| {
+			for (literal) |codepoint| {
+				if (codepoint == '.') {
+					return self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{
+						.push_const = try self.declare_float(number_format.parse(literal, kym.Float) orelse unreachable),
+					});
+				}
+			}
+
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{
+				.push_const = try self.declare_fixed(number_format.parse(literal, kym.Fixed) orelse unreachable),
+			});
+		},
+
+		.string_literal => |literal| {
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_const = try self.declare_string(literal)});
+		},
+
+		.symbol_literal => |literal| {
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_const = try self.declare_symbol(literal)});
+		},
+
+		.table_construct => |table_construct| {
+			var table_entry = table_construct.entry;
+			var field_count = @as(u32, 0);
+
+			while (table_entry) |entry| : (table_entry = entry.next) {
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, entry);
+
+				if (entry.kind != .key_value) {
+					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_top);
+				}
+
+				field_count += 1;
+			}
+
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_table = field_count});
+		},
+
+		.key_value => |key_value| {
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, key_value.value);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, key_value.key);
+		},
+
+		.lambda_construct => |lambda_construct| {
+			var chunk = try Chunk.make(self.env, "<lambda>", lambda_construct.environment);
+
+			errdefer chunk.free(self.env);
+
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_const = try self.declare_chunk(chunk)});
+
+			if (lambda_construct.environment.capture_count != 0) {
+				for (lambda_construct.environment.captures[0 .. lambda_construct.environment.capture_count]) |capture| {
+					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_local = environment.captures[capture]});
+				}
+
+				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_closure = lambda_construct.environment.capture_count});
+			}
+		},
+
+		.binary_op => |binary_op| {
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, binary_op.lhs_operand);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, binary_op.rhs_operand);
+
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(switch (binary_op.operation) {
+				.addition => .add,
+				.subtraction => .sub,
+				.multiplication => .mul,
+				.divsion => .div,
+				.greater_equals_comparison => .cge,
+				.greater_than_comparison => .cgt,
+				.equals_comparison => .eql,
+				.less_than_comparison => .clt,
+				.less_equals_comparison => .cle,
+			});
+		},
+
+		.unary_op => |unary_op| {
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, unary_op.operand);
+
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(switch (unary_op.operation) {
+				.boolean_negation => .not,
+				.numeric_negation => .neg,
+			});
+		},
+
+		.invoke => |invoke| {
+			const argument_count = try self.compile_argument(environment, invoke.argument);
+
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, invoke.object);
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.call = argument_count});
+		},
+
+		.group => |group| try self.compile_expression(environment, group),
+		.import_builtin => try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_builtin = .import}),
+		.print_builtin => try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_builtin = .print}),
+		.vec2_builtin => try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_builtin = .vec2}),
+		.vec3_builtin => try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_builtin = .vec3}),
+
+		.declaration_get => |declaration_get| {
+			if (get_local_index(environment, declaration_get.declaration)) |index| {
+				return self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_local = index});
+			}
+
+			if (get_capture_index(environment, declaration_get.declaration)) |index| {
+				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_self);
+				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_const = try self.declare_fixed(index)});
+
+				return self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.get_dynamic);
+			}
+
+			return self.env.raise(error.IllegalState, "local out of scope");
+		},
+
+		.declaration_set => |declaration_set| {
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, declaration_set.assign);
+
+			if (get_local_index(environment, declaration_set.declaration)) |index| {
+				return self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.set_local = index});
+			}
+
+			if (get_capture_index(environment, declaration_set.declaration)) |index| {
+				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_self);
+				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_const = try self.declare_fixed(index)});
+
+				return self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.set_dynamic);
+			}
+
+			return self.env.raise(error.IllegalState, "local out of scope");
+		},
+
+		.field_get => |field_get| {
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, field_get.object);
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_const = try self.declare_symbol(field_get.identifier)});
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.get_dynamic);
+		},
+
+		.field_set => |field_set| {
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, field_set.object);
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.push_const = try self.declare_symbol(field_set.identifier)});
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, field_set.assign);
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.set_dynamic);
+		},
+
+		.subscript_get => |subscript_get| {
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_get.object);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_get.index);
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.get_dynamic);
+		},
+
+		.subscript_set => |subscript_set| {
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_set.object);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_set.index);
+			try self.compile_expression(environment, subscript_set.assign);
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.set_dynamic);
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn compile_environment(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment) kym.RuntimeError!void {
+	if (environment.statement) |statement| {
+		const last_statement = try self.compile_statement(environment, statement);
+
+		if (last_statement.kind != .@"return") {
+			try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_nil);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+fn compile_statement(self: Self, environment: *const tree.Environment, initial_statement: *const Stmt) kym.RuntimeError!*const Stmt {
+	var current_statement = initial_statement;
+
+	while (true) {
+		switch (current_statement.kind) {
+			.@"return" => |@"return"| {
+				if (@"return".returned_expression) |expression| {
+					try self.compile_expression(environment, expression);
+				} else {
+					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_nil);
+				}
+			},
+
+			.@"while" => |@"while"| {
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, @"while".loop_expression);
+				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.jf = 0});
+
+				const origin_index = @as(u32, @intCast(self.chunk.opcodes.values.len - 1));
+
+				_ = try self.compile_statement(environment, @"while".loop);
+				self.chunk.opcodes.values[origin_index].jf = @intCast(self.chunk.opcodes.values.len - 1);
+
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, @"while".loop_expression);
+				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.jt = origin_index});
+			},
+
+			.@"if" => |@"if"| {
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, @"if".then_expression);
+				try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.{.jf = 0});
+
+				const origin_index = @as(u32, @intCast(self.chunk.opcodes.values.len - 1));
+
+				_ = try self.compile_statement(environment, @"if".@"then");
+				self.chunk.opcodes.values[origin_index].jf = @intCast(self.chunk.opcodes.values.len - 1);
+
+				if (@"if".@"else") |@"else"| {
+					_ = try self.compile_statement(environment, @"else");
+				}
+			},
+
+			.declare => |declare| {
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, declare.initial_expression);
+
+				if (declare.declaration.is_captured and !declare.declaration.is_readonly) {
+					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.push_boxed);
+				}
+			},
+
+			.top_expression => |top_expression| {
+				try self.compile_expression(environment, top_expression);
+
+				if (top_expression.kind == .invoke) {
+					try self.chunk.opcodes.push_one(.pop);
+				}
+			},
+		}
+
+		current_statement = current_statement.next orelse return current_statement;
+	}
+}
+
+fn declare_chunk(self: Self, chunk: Chunk) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
+	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int)) {
+		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than 65,535 constants");
+	}
+
+	const constant = try self.env.new_dynamic(coral.io.bytes_of(&chunk).ptr, Chunk.typeinfo);
+
+	errdefer self.env.discard(constant);
+
+	try self.chunk.constants.push_one(constant);
+
+	return @intCast(self.chunk.constants.values.len - 1);
+}
+
+fn declare_fixed(self: Self, fixed: kym.Fixed) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
+	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int)) {
+		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than 65,535 constants");
+	}
+
+	const constant = try self.env.new_fixed(fixed);
+
+	errdefer self.env.discard(constant);
+
+	try self.chunk.constants.push_one(constant);
+
+	return @intCast(self.chunk.constants.values.len - 1);
+}
+
+fn declare_float(self: Self, float: kym.Float) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
+	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int)) {
+		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than 65,535 constants");
+	}
+
+	const constant = try self.env.new_float(float);
+
+	errdefer self.env.discard(constant);
+
+	try self.chunk.constants.push_one(constant);
+
+	return @intCast(self.chunk.constants.values.len - 1);
+}
+
+fn declare_string(self: Self, string: []const coral.io.Byte) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
+	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int)) {
+		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than 65,535 constants");
+	}
+
+	const constant = try self.env.new_string(string);
+
+	errdefer self.env.discard(constant);
+
+	try self.chunk.constants.push_one(constant);
+
+	return @intCast(self.chunk.constants.values.len - 1);
+}
+
+fn declare_symbol(self: Self, symbol: []const coral.io.Byte) kym.RuntimeError!u16 {
+	if (self.chunk.constants.values.len == coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u16).Int)) {
+		return self.env.raise(error.BadSyntax, "chunks cannot contain more than 65,535 constants");
+	}
+
+	const constant = try self.env.new_symbol(symbol);
+
+	errdefer self.env.discard(constant);
+
+	try self.chunk.constants.push_one(constant);
+
+	return @intCast(self.chunk.constants.values.len - 1);
+}
+
+pub fn get_capture_index(self: *const tree.Environment, declaration: *const tree.Declaration) ?u8 {
+	if (self.enclosing) |enclosing_environment| {
+		var capture_index = @as(u8, 0);
+
+		while (capture_index < self.capture_count) : (capture_index += 1) {
+			if (&enclosing_environment.local_declarations[capture_index] == declaration) {
+				return capture_index;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return null;
+}
+
+pub fn get_local_index(self: *const tree.Environment, declaration: *const tree.Declaration) ?u8 {
+	var remaining = self.local_declaration_count;
+
+	while (remaining != 0) {
+		remaining -= 1;
+
+		if (&self.local_declarations[remaining] == declaration) {
+			return remaining;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return null;
+}

source/ona/kym/Expr.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
+const Stmt = @import("./Stmt.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const tokens = @import("./tokens.zig");
+
+const tree = @import("./tree.zig");
+
+next: ?*const Self = null,
+
+kind: union (enum) {
+	nil_literal,
+	true_literal,
+	false_literal,
+	number_literal: []const coral.io.Byte,
+	string_literal: []const coral.io.Byte,
+	symbol_literal: []const coral.io.Byte,
+	table_construct: TableConstruct,
+	key_value: KeyValue,
+	group: *Self,
+	lambda_construct: LambdaConstruct,
+	declaration_get: DeclarationGet,
+	declaration_set: DeclarationSet,
+	field_get: FieldGet,
+	field_set: FieldSet,
+	subscript_get: SubscriptGet,
+	subscript_set: SubscriptSet,
+	binary_op: BinaryOp,
+	unary_op: UnaryOp,
+	invoke: Invoke,
+	import_builtin,
+	print_builtin,
+	vec2_builtin,
+	vec3_builtin,
+},
+
+pub const BinaryOp = struct {
+	rhs_operand: *Self,
+	lhs_operand: *Self,
+	operation: Operation,
+
+	pub const Operation = enum {
+		addition,
+		subtraction,
+		multiplication,
+		divsion,
+		equals_comparison,
+		greater_than_comparison,
+		greater_equals_comparison,
+		less_than_comparison,
+		less_equals_comparison,
+	};
+
+	fn parser(comptime parse_next: Parser, comptime operations: []const BinaryOp.Operation) Parser {
+		const BinaryOpParser = struct {
+			fn parse(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
+				var expression = try parse_next(root, stream, environment);
+
+				inline for (operations) |operation| {
+					const token = comptime @as(tokens.Token, switch (operation) {
+						.addition => .symbol_plus,
+						.subtraction => .symbol_minus,
+						.multiplication => .symbol_asterisk,
+						.divsion => .symbol_forward_slash,
+						.equals_comparison => .symbol_double_equals,
+						.greater_than_comparison => .symbol_greater_than,
+						.greater_equals_comparison => .symbol_greater_equals,
+						.less_than_comparison => .symbol_less_than,
+						.less_equals_comparison => .symbol_less_equals,
+					});
+
+					if (stream.token == coral.io.tag_of(token)) {
+						stream.step();
+
+						if (stream.token == .end) {
+							return root.report_error(stream, "expected other half of expression after `" ++ comptime token.text() ++ "`", .{});
+						}
+
+						// TODO: Remove once Zig has fixed struct self-reassignment.
+						const unnecessary_temp = expression;
+
+						expression = try root.create_expr(.{
+							.kind = .{
+								.binary_op = .{
+									.rhs_operand = try parse_next(root, stream, environment),
+									.operation = operation,
+									.lhs_operand = unnecessary_temp,
+								},
+							},
+						});
+					}
+				}
+
+				return expression;
+			}
+		};
+
+		return BinaryOpParser.parse;
+	}
+};
+
+pub const DeclarationGet = struct {
+	declaration: *const tree.Declaration,
+};
+
+pub const DeclarationSet = struct {
+	declaration: *const tree.Declaration,
+	assign: *const Self,
+};
+
+pub const FieldGet = struct {
+	identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
+	object: *const Self,
+};
+
+pub const FieldSet = struct {
+	identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
+	object: *const Self,
+	assign: *const Self,
+};
+
+pub const Invoke = struct {
+	argument: ?*const Self,
+	object: *const Self,
+};
+
+pub const KeyValue = struct {
+	key: *const Self,
+	value: *const Self,
+};
+
+pub const LambdaConstruct = struct {
+	environment: *const tree.Environment,
+};
+
+const Parser = fn (root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self;
+
+const Self = @This();
+
+pub const SubscriptGet = struct {
+	index: *const Self,
+	object: *const Self,
+};
+
+pub const SubscriptSet = struct {
+	index: *const Self,
+	object: *const Self,
+	assign: *const Self,
+};
+
+pub const TableConstruct = struct {
+	entry: ?*const Self,
+};
+
+pub const UnaryOp = struct {
+	operand: *Self,
+	operation: Operation,
+
+	pub const Operation = enum {
+		numeric_negation,
+		boolean_negation,
+	};
+};
+
+pub fn parse(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
+	const expression = try parse_additive(root, stream, environment);
+
+	if (stream.token == .symbol_equals) {
+		stream.skip_newlines();
+
+		if (stream.token == .end) {
+			return root.report_error(stream, "expected assignment after `=`", .{});
+		}
+
+		return root.create_expr(.{
+			.kind = switch (expression.kind) {
+				.declaration_get => |declaration_get| .{
+					.declaration_set = .{
+						.assign = try parse(root, stream, environment),
+						.declaration = declaration_get.declaration,
+					},
+				},
+
+				.field_get => |field_get| .{
+					.field_set = .{
+						.assign = try parse(root, stream, environment),
+						.object = field_get.object,
+						.identifier = field_get.identifier,
+					},
+				},
+
+				.subscript_get => |subscript_get| .{
+					.subscript_set = .{
+						.assign = try parse(root, stream, environment),
+						.object = subscript_get.object,
+						.index = subscript_get.index,
+					},
+				},
+
+				else => return root.report_error(stream, "expected local or field on left-hand side of expression", .{}),
+			},
+		});
+	}
+
+	return expression;
+}
+
+const parse_additive = BinaryOp.parser(parse_equality, &.{
+	.addition,
+	.subtraction,
+});
+
+const parse_comparison = BinaryOp.parser(parse_term, &.{
+	.greater_than_comparison,
+	.greater_equals_comparison,
+	.less_than_comparison,
+	.less_equals_comparison
+});
+
+const parse_equality = BinaryOp.parser(parse_comparison, &.{
+	.equals_comparison,
+});
+
+fn parse_factor(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
+	var expression = try parse_operand(root, stream, environment);
+
+	while (true) {
+		switch (stream.token) {
+			.symbol_period => {
+				stream.skip_newlines();
+
+				// TODO: Remove when Zig fixes miscompilation with in-place struct re-assignment.
+				const unnecessary_temp = expression;
+
+				expression = try root.create_expr(.{
+					.next = null,
+
+					.kind = .{
+						.field_get = .{
+							.identifier = switch (stream.token) {
+								.identifier => |field_identifier| field_identifier,
+								else => return root.report_error(stream, "expected identifier after `.`", .{}),
+							},
+
+							.object = unnecessary_temp,
+						},
+					},
+				});
+
+				stream.skip_newlines();
+			},
+
+			.symbol_bracket_left => {
+				stream.skip_newlines();
+
+				// TODO: Remove when Zig fixes miscompilation with in-place struct re-assignment.
+				const unnecessary_temp = expression;
+
+				expression = try root.create_expr(.{
+					.next = null,
+
+					.kind = .{
+						.subscript_get = .{
+							.index = try parse(root, stream, environment),
+							.object = unnecessary_temp,
+						},
+					},
+				});
+
+				if (stream.token != .symbol_bracket_right) {
+					return root.report_error(stream, "expected closing `]` on subscript", .{});
+				}
+
+				stream.skip_newlines();
+			},
+
+			.symbol_paren_left => {
+				stream.skip_newlines();
+
+				var first_argument = @as(?*Self, null);
+
+				if (stream.token != .symbol_paren_right) {
+					var argument = try parse(root, stream, environment);
+
+					first_argument = argument;
+
+					while (true) {
+						switch (stream.token) {
+							.symbol_comma => stream.skip_newlines(),
+							.symbol_paren_right => break,
+							else => return root.report_error(stream, "expected `,` or `)` after lambda argument", .{}),
+						}
+
+						const next_argument = try parse(root, stream, environment);
+
+						argument.next = next_argument;
+						argument = next_argument;
+					}
+				}
+
+				stream.skip_newlines();
+
+				// TODO: Remove when Zig fixes miscompilation with in-place struct re-assignment.
+				const unnecessary_temp = expression;
+
+				expression = try root.create_expr(.{
+					.next = null,
+
+					.kind = .{
+						.invoke = .{
+							.argument = first_argument,
+							.object = unnecessary_temp,
+						},
+					},
+				});
+			},
+
+			else => break,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return expression;
+}
+
+fn parse_operand(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
+	switch (stream.token) {
+		.symbol_paren_left => {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			const expression = try parse(root, stream, environment);
+
+			if (stream.token != .symbol_paren_right) {
+				return root.report_error(stream, "expected a closing `)` after expression", .{});
+			}
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .{.group = expression}});
+		},
+
+		.keyword_nil => {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .nil_literal});
+		},
+
+		.keyword_true => {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .true_literal});
+		},
+
+		.keyword_false => {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .false_literal});
+		},
+
+		.number => |value| {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .{.number_literal = value}});
+		},
+
+		.string => |value| {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .{.string_literal = value}});
+		},
+
+		.symbol_at => {
+			stream.step();
+
+			const identifier = switch (stream.token) {
+				.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
+				else => return root.report_error(stream, "expected identifier after `@`", .{}),
+			};
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier, "import")) {
+				return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .import_builtin});
+			}
+
+			if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier, "print")) {
+				return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .print_builtin});
+			}
+
+			if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier, "vec2")) {
+				return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .vec2_builtin});
+			}
+
+			if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier, "vec3")) {
+				return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .vec3_builtin});
+			}
+
+			return root.report_error(stream, "unexpected identifier after `@`", .{});
+		},
+
+		.symbol_period => {
+			stream.step();
+
+			const identifier = switch (stream.token) {
+				.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
+				else => return root.report_error(stream, "expected identifier after `.`", .{}),
+			};
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .{.symbol_literal = identifier}});
+		},
+
+		.identifier => |identifier| {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{
+				.next = null,
+
+				.kind = .{
+					.declaration_get = .{
+						.declaration = (try environment.resolve_declaration(identifier)) orelse {
+							return root.report_error(stream, "undefined identifier `{identifier}`", .{
+								.identifier = identifier,
+							});
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			});
+		},
+
+		.keyword_lambda => {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			if (stream.token != .symbol_paren_left) {
+				return root.report_error(stream, "expected `(` after opening lambda block", .{});
+			}
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			var lambda_environment = try environment.create_enclosed(root);
+
+			while (stream.token != .symbol_paren_right) {
+				const identifier = switch (stream.token) {
+					.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
+					else => return root.report_error(stream, "expected identifier", .{}),
+				};
+
+				if (try lambda_environment.declare(identifier) == null) {
+					return root.report_error(stream, "declaration `{identifier}` already exists", .{
+						.identifier = identifier,
+					});
+				}
+
+				lambda_environment.argument_count += 1;
+
+				stream.skip_newlines();
+
+				switch (stream.token) {
+					.symbol_comma => stream.skip_newlines(),
+					.symbol_paren_right => break,
+					else => return root.report_error(stream, "expected `,` or `)` after identifier", .{}),
+				}
+			}
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			if (stream.token != .symbol_colon) {
+				return root.report_error(stream, "expected `:` after closing `)` of lambda identifiers", .{});
+			}
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			if (stream.token != .keyword_end) {
+				const first_statement = try Stmt.parse(root, stream, lambda_environment);
+				var current_statement = first_statement;
+
+				while (stream.token != .keyword_end) {
+					const next_statement = try Stmt.parse(root, stream, lambda_environment);
+
+					current_statement.next = next_statement;
+					current_statement = next_statement;
+				}
+
+				lambda_environment.statement = first_statement;
+			}
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .{.lambda_construct = .{.environment = lambda_environment}}});
+		},
+
+		.symbol_brace_left => {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			if (stream.token == .symbol_brace_right) {
+				return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .{.table_construct = .{.entry = null}}});
+			}
+
+			const first_entry = try parse_table_entry(root, stream, environment);
+			var entry = first_entry;
+
+			while (stream.token == .symbol_comma) {
+				stream.skip_newlines();
+
+				if (stream.token == .symbol_brace_right) {
+					break;
+				}
+
+				const expression = try parse_table_entry(root, stream, environment);
+
+				entry.next = expression;
+				entry = expression;
+			}
+
+			if (stream.token != .symbol_brace_right) {
+				return root.report_error(stream, "expected closing `}` on table construct", .{});
+			}
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{.kind = .{.table_construct = .{.entry = first_entry}}});
+		},
+
+		.symbol_minus => {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{
+				.next = null,
+
+				.kind = .{
+					.unary_op = .{
+						.operand = try parse_factor(root, stream, environment),
+						.operation = .numeric_negation,
+					},
+				},
+			});
+		},
+
+		.symbol_bang => {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{
+				.next = null,
+
+				.kind = .{
+					.unary_op = .{
+						.operand = try parse_factor(root, stream, environment),
+						.operation = .boolean_negation,
+					},
+				},
+			});
+		},
+
+		else => return root.report_error(stream, "unexpected token in expression", .{}),
+	}
+}
+
+fn parse_table_entry(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
+	switch (stream.token) {
+		.symbol_period => {
+			stream.step();
+
+			const field = switch (stream.token) {
+				.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
+				else => return root.report_error(stream, "expected identifier in field symbol literal", .{}),
+			};
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			if (stream.token != .symbol_equals) {
+				return root.report_error(stream, "expected `=` after table symbol key", .{});
+			}
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{
+				.kind = .{
+					.key_value = .{
+						.value = try parse(root, stream, environment),
+						.key = try root.create_expr(.{.kind = .{.symbol_literal = field}}),
+					},
+				},
+			});
+		},
+
+		.symbol_bracket_left => {
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			const key = try parse(root, stream, environment);
+
+			if (stream.token != .symbol_bracket_right)  {
+				return root.report_error(stream, "expected `]` after subscript index expression", .{});
+			}
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			if (stream.token != .symbol_equals) {
+				return root.report_error(stream, "expected `=` after table expression key", .{});
+			}
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_expr(.{
+				.kind = .{
+					.key_value = .{
+						.value = try parse(root, stream, environment),
+						.key = key,
+					},
+				},
+			});
+		},
+
+		else => return parse(root, stream, environment),
+	}
+}
+
+const parse_term = BinaryOp.parser(parse_factor, &.{
+	.multiplication,
+	.divsion,
+});

source/ona/kym/Stmt.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+const Expr = @import("./Expr.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const tokens = @import("./tokens.zig");
+
+const tree = @import("./tree.zig");
+
+next: ?*const Self = null,
+
+kind: union (enum) {
+	top_expression: *const Expr,
+	@"return": Return,
+	declare: Declare,
+	@"if": If,
+	@"while": While,
+},
+
+pub const Declare = struct {
+	declaration: *const tree.Declaration,
+	initial_expression: *const Expr,
+};
+
+pub const If = struct {
+	then_expression: *const Expr,
+	@"then": *const Self,
+	@"else": ?*const Self,
+};
+
+pub const Return = struct {
+	returned_expression: ?*const Expr,
+};
+
+const Self = @This();
+
+pub const While = struct {
+	loop_expression: *const Expr,
+	loop: *const Self,
+};
+
+pub fn parse(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
+	switch (stream.token) {
+		.keyword_return => {
+			stream.step();
+
+			if (stream.token != .end and stream.token != .newline) {
+				return root.create_stmt(.{
+					.kind = .{.@"return" = .{.returned_expression = try Expr.parse(root, stream, environment)}},
+				});
+			}
+
+			if (stream.token != .end and stream.token != .newline) {
+				return root.report_error(stream, "expected end or newline after return statement", .{});
+			}
+
+			return root.create_stmt(.{.kind = .{.@"return" = .{.returned_expression = null}}});
+		},
+
+		.keyword_while => {
+			defer stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			stream.step();
+
+			const condition_expression = try Expr.parse(root, stream, environment);
+
+			if (stream.token != .symbol_colon) {
+				return root.report_error(stream, "expected `:` after `while` statement", .{});
+			}
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			const first_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
+
+			{
+				var current_statement = first_statement;
+
+				while (stream.token != .keyword_end) {
+					const next_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
+
+					current_statement.next = next_statement;
+					current_statement = next_statement;
+				}
+			}
+
+			return root.create_stmt(.{
+				.kind = .{
+					.@"while" = .{
+						.loop = first_statement,
+						.loop_expression = condition_expression,
+					},
+				},
+			});
+		},
+
+		.keyword_var, .keyword_let => {
+			const storage_token = stream.token;
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			const identifier = switch (stream.token) {
+				.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
+
+				else => {
+					return root.report_error(stream, "expected identifier after `{storage}` declaration statement", .{
+						.storage = storage_token.text()
+					});
+				},
+			};
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			if (stream.token != .symbol_equals) {
+				return root.report_error(stream, "expected `=` after declaration `{identifier}`", .{
+					.identifier = identifier,
+				});
+			}
+
+			stream.skip_newlines();
+
+			return root.create_stmt(.{
+				.kind = .{
+					.declare = .{
+						.initial_expression = try Expr.parse(root, stream, environment),
+
+						.declaration = (try root.environment.declare(identifier)) orelse {
+							return root.report_error(stream, "declaration `{identifier}` already exists", .{
+								.identifier = identifier,
+							});
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			});
+		},
+
+		.keyword_if => return parse_branch(root, stream, environment),
+
+		else => return root.create_stmt(.{.kind = .{.top_expression = try Expr.parse(root, stream, environment)}}),
+	}
+}
+
+fn parse_branch(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
+	stream.step();
+
+	const expression = try Expr.parse(root, stream, environment);
+
+	if (stream.token != .symbol_colon) {
+		return root.report_error(stream, "expected `:` after `{token}`", .{.token = stream.token.text()});
+	}
+
+	stream.skip_newlines();
+
+	const first_then_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
+	var current_then_statement = first_then_statement;
+
+	while (true) {
+		switch (stream.token) {
+			.keyword_end => {
+				stream.skip_newlines();
+
+				return root.create_stmt(.{
+					.next = null,
+
+					.kind = .{
+						.@"if" = .{
+							.then_expression = expression,
+							.@"then" = first_then_statement,
+							.@"else" = null,
+						},
+					},
+				});
+			},
+
+			.keyword_else => {
+				stream.step();
+
+				if (stream.token != .symbol_colon) {
+					return root.report_error(stream, "expected `:` after `if` statement condition", .{});
+				}
+
+				stream.skip_newlines();
+
+				const first_else_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
+				var current_else_statement = first_else_statement;
+
+				while (stream.token != .keyword_end) {
+					const next_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
+
+					current_else_statement.next = next_statement;
+					current_else_statement = next_statement;
+				}
+
+				stream.skip_newlines();
+
+				return root.create_stmt(.{
+					.next = null,
+
+					.kind = .{
+						.@"if" = .{
+							.@"else" = first_else_statement,
+							.@"then" = first_then_statement,
+							.then_expression = expression,
+						},
+					}
+				});
+			},
+
+			.keyword_elif => {
+				return root.create_stmt(.{
+					.next = null,
+
+					.kind = .{
+						.@"if" = .{
+							.@"else" = try parse_branch(root, stream, environment),
+							.@"then" = first_then_statement,
+							.then_expression = expression,
+						},
+					},
+				});
+			},
+
+			else => {
+				const next_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
+
+				current_then_statement.next = next_statement;
+				current_then_statement = next_statement;
+			},
+		}
+	}
+}

source/ona/kym/Table.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const kym = @import("../kym.zig");
+
+associative: RefTable,
+contiguous: RefList,
+
+const RefList = coral.list.Stack(?*kym.RuntimeRef);
+
+const RefTable = coral.map.Table(*kym.RuntimeRef, *kym.RuntimeRef, struct {
+	pub const hash = kym.RuntimeRef.hash;
+
+	pub const equals = kym.RuntimeRef.equals;
+});
+
+const Self = @This();
+
+pub fn free(self: *Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv) void {
+	{
+		var field_iterable = self.associative.as_iterable();
+
+		while (field_iterable.next()) |entry| {
+			env.discard(entry.key);
+			env.discard(entry.value);
+		}
+	}
+
+	self.associative.free();
+
+	while (self.contiguous.pop()) |value| {
+		if (value) |ref| {
+			env.discard(ref);
+		}
+	}
+
+	self.contiguous.free();
+}
+
+pub fn make(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv) Self {
+	return .{
+		.associative = RefTable.make(env.allocator, .{}),
+		.contiguous = RefList.make(env.allocator),
+	};
+}
+
+pub const typeinfo = &kym.Typeinfo{
+	.size = @sizeOf(Self),
+	.name = "table",
+	.destruct = typeinfo_destruct,
+	.get = typeinfo_get,
+	.set = typeinfo_set,
+};
+
+fn typeinfo_destruct(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, userdata: []coral.io.Byte) void {
+	@as(*Self, @ptrCast(@alignCast(userdata))).free(env);
+}
+
+fn typeinfo_get(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, userdata: []coral.io.Byte, index: *const kym.RuntimeRef) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeRef {
+	const table = @as(*Self, @ptrCast(@alignCast(userdata)));
+	const acquired_index = index.acquire();
+
+	defer env.discard(acquired_index);
+
+	if (acquired_index.as_fixed()) |fixed| {
+		if (fixed < 0) {
+			// TODO: Negative indexing.
+			unreachable;
+		}
+
+		if (fixed < table.contiguous.values.len) {
+			return (table.contiguous.values[@intCast(fixed)] orelse return null).acquire();
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (table.associative.lookup(acquired_index)) |value| {
+		return value.acquire();
+	}
+
+	return null;
+}
+
+fn typeinfo_set(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv, userdata: []coral.io.Byte, index: *const kym.RuntimeRef, value: ?*const kym.RuntimeRef) kym.RuntimeError!void {
+	const table = @as(*Self, @ptrCast(@alignCast(userdata)));
+	const acquired_index = index.acquire();
+
+	errdefer env.discard(acquired_index);
+
+	if (acquired_index.as_fixed()) |fixed| {
+		if (fixed < 0) {
+			// TODO: Negative indexing.
+			unreachable;
+		}
+
+		if (fixed < table.contiguous.values.len) {
+			const maybe_replacing = &table.contiguous.values[@intCast(fixed)];
+
+			if (maybe_replacing.*) |replacing| {
+				env.discard(replacing);
+			}
+
+			maybe_replacing.* = if (value) |ref| ref.acquire() else null;
+
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	const acquired_value = (value orelse {
+		if (table.associative.remove(acquired_index)) |removed| {
+			env.discard(removed.key);
+			env.discard(removed.value);
+		}
+
+		return;
+	}).acquire();
+
+	errdefer env.discard(acquired_value);
+
+	if (try table.associative.replace(acquired_index, acquired_value)) |replaced| {
+		env.discard(replaced.key);
+		env.discard(replaced.value);
+	}
+}

source/ona/kym/ast.zig

@@ -1,796 +0,0 @@
-const coral = @import("coral");
-
-const tokens = @import("./tokens.zig");
-
-pub const BinaryOperator = enum {
-	addition,
-	subtraction,
-	multiplication,
-	divsion,
-	equals_comparison,
-	greater_than_comparison,
-	greater_equals_comparison,
-	less_than_comparison,
-	less_equals_comparison,
-
-	fn builder(comptime build_next: ExpressionBuilder, comptime operators: []const BinaryOperator) ExpressionBuilder {
-		const Builder = struct {
-			fn build(self: *Tree) ParseError!Expression {
-				const allocator = self.arena.as_allocator();
-				var expression = try build_next(self);
-
-				inline for (operators) |operator| {
-					const token = @as(tokens.Token, switch (operator) {
-						.addition => .symbol_plus,
-						.subtraction => .symbol_minus,
-						.multiplication => .symbol_asterisk,
-						.divsion => .symbol_forward_slash,
-						.equals_comparison => .symbol_double_equals,
-						.greater_than_comparison => .symbol_greater_than,
-						.greater_equals_comparison => .symbol_greater_equals,
-						.less_than_comparison => .symbol_less_than,
-						.less_equals_comparison => .symbol_less_equals,
-					});
-
-					if (self.tokenizer.token == coral.io.tag_of(token)) {
-						self.tokenizer.step();
-
-						if (self.tokenizer.token == .end) {
-							return self.report(
-								"expected other half of expression after `" ++
-								comptime token.text() ++
-								"`");
-						}
-
-						// TODO: Remove once Zig has fixed struct self-reassignment.
-						const unnecessary_temp = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, expression);
-
-						expression = .{
-							.binary_operation = .{
-								.operator = operator,
-								.lhs_expression = unnecessary_temp,
-								.rhs_expression = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, try build_next(self)),
-							},
-						};
-					}
-				}
-
-				return expression;
-			}
-		};
-
-		return Builder.build;
-	}
-};
-
-pub const Expression = union (enum) {
-	nil_literal,
-	true_literal,
-	false_literal,
-	builtin: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	number_literal: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	string_literal: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	symbol_literal: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	table_literal: TableLiteral,
-	grouped_expression: *Expression,
-
-	lambda_literal: struct {
-		argument_identifiers: IdentifierList,
-		block_statements: Statement.List,
-	},
-
-	local_get: struct {
-		identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	},
-
-	local_set: struct {
-		identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
-		value_expression: *Expression,
-	},
-
-	field_get: struct {
-		object_expression: *Expression,
-		identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	},
-
-	field_set: struct {
-		object_expression: *Expression,
-		identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
-		value_expression: *Expression,
-	},
-
-	subscript_get: struct {
-		object_expression: *Expression,
-		subscript_expression: *Expression,
-	},
-
-	subscript_set: struct {
-		object_expression: *Expression,
-		subscript_expression: *Expression,
-		value_expression: *Expression,
-	},
-
-	binary_operation: struct {
-		operator: BinaryOperator,
-		lhs_expression: *Expression,
-		rhs_expression: *Expression,
-	},
-
-	unary_operation: struct {
-		operator: UnaryOperator,
-		expression: *Expression,
-	},
-
-	invoke: struct {
-		object_expression: *Expression,
-		argument_expressions: List,
-	},
-
-	const List = coral.list.Stack(Expression);
-
-	const TableLiteral = coral.list.Stack(struct {
-		key_expression: Expression,
-		value_expression: Expression,
-	});
-};
-
-const ExpressionBuilder = fn (self: *Tree) ParseError!Expression;
-
-const IdentifierList = coral.list.Stack([]const coral.io.Byte);
-
-pub const ParseError = error {
-	OutOfMemory,
-	BadSyntax,
-};
-
-pub const Statement = union (enum) {
-	@"return": ?Expression,
-
-	declare: struct {
-		storage: DeclarationStorage,
-		identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
-		assigned_expression: Expression,
-	},
-
-	@"if": struct {
-		condition_expression: Expression,
-		block_statements: List,
-		else_statement: ?*Statement,
-	},
-
-	@"while": struct {
-		condition_expression: Expression,
-		block_statements: List,
-	},
-
-	block: List,
-	expression: Expression,
-
-	pub const DeclarationStorage = enum {
-		@"var",
-		let,
-	};
-
-	const List = coral.list.Stack(Statement);
-};
-
-pub const Tree = struct {
-	name: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	allocator: coral.io.Allocator,
-	arena: coral.arena.Stacking,
-	error_buffer: coral.list.ByteStack,
-	tokenizer: tokens.Tokenizer,
-	parsed_statements: Statement.List,
-	has_returned: bool,
-
-	pub fn error_message(self: Tree) []const coral.io.Byte {
-		return self.error_buffer.values;
-	}
-
-	pub fn free(self: *Tree) void {
-		self.parsed_statements.free();
-		self.error_buffer.free();
-		self.arena.free();
-	}
-
-	pub fn make(allocator: coral.io.Allocator, ast_name: []const coral.io.Byte) Tree {
-		return .{
-			.arena = coral.arena.Stacking.make(allocator, 4096),
-			.error_buffer = coral.list.ByteStack.make(allocator),
-			.parsed_statements = Statement.List.make(allocator),
-			.tokenizer = .{.source = ""},
-			.allocator = allocator,
-			.name = ast_name,
-			.has_returned = false,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn parse(self: *Tree, data: []const coral.io.Byte) ParseError![]const Statement {
-		self.free();
-
-		self.tokenizer = .{.source = data};
-		self.has_returned = false;
-
-		self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-		while (self.tokenizer.token != .end) {
-			try self.parsed_statements.push_one(try self.parse_statement());
-		}
-
-		return self.parsed_statements.values;
-	}
-
-	const parse_additive = BinaryOperator.builder(parse_equality, &.{
-		.addition,
-		.subtraction,
-	});
-
-	fn parse_branch(self: *Tree) ParseError!Statement {
-		const allocator = self.arena.as_allocator();
-
-		self.tokenizer.step();
-
-		const condition_expression = try self.parse_expression();
-
-		if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_colon) {
-			return self.report("expected `:` after `if` statement condition");
-		}
-
-		var statements = Statement.List.make(allocator);
-
-		self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-		while (true) {
-			switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-				.keyword_end => {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					return .{
-						.@"if" = .{
-							.condition_expression = condition_expression,
-							.block_statements = statements,
-							.else_statement = null,
-						},
-					};
-				},
-
-				.keyword_else => {
-					self.tokenizer.step();
-
-					if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_colon) {
-						return self.report("expected `:` after `if` statement condition");
-					}
-
-					var else_statements = Statement.List.make(allocator);
-
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					while (self.tokenizer.token != .keyword_end) {
-						try else_statements.push_one(try self.parse_statement());
-					}
-
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					return .{
-						.@"if" = .{
-							.else_statement = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, Statement{.block = else_statements}),
-							.condition_expression = condition_expression,
-							.block_statements = statements,
-						},
-					};
-				},
-
-				.keyword_elif => {
-					return .{
-						.@"if" = .{
-							.else_statement = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, try self.parse_branch()),
-							.condition_expression = condition_expression,
-							.block_statements = statements,
-						},
-					};
-				},
-
-				else => try statements.push_one(try self.parse_statement()),
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	const parse_comparison = BinaryOperator.builder(parse_term, &.{
-		.greater_than_comparison,
-		.greater_equals_comparison,
-		.less_than_comparison,
-		.less_equals_comparison
-	});
-
-	const parse_equality = BinaryOperator.builder(parse_comparison, &.{
-		.equals_comparison,
-	});
-
-	pub fn parse_expression(self: *Tree) ParseError!Expression {
-		const allocator = self.arena.as_allocator();
-		const expression = try self.parse_additive();
-
-		if (self.tokenizer.token == .symbol_equals) {
-			self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-			if (self.tokenizer.token == .end) {
-				return self.report("expected assignment after `=`");
-			}
-
-			return switch (expression) {
-				.local_get => |local_get| .{
-					.local_set = .{
-						.identifier = local_get.identifier,
-						.value_expression = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, try self.parse_expression()),
-					},
-				},
-
-				.field_get => |field_get| .{
-					.field_set = .{
-						.object_expression = field_get.object_expression,
-						.identifier = field_get.identifier,
-						.value_expression = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, try self.parse_expression()),
-					},
-				},
-
-				.subscript_get => |subscript_get| .{
-					.subscript_set = .{
-						.object_expression = subscript_get.object_expression,
-						.subscript_expression = subscript_get.subscript_expression,
-						.value_expression = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, try self.parse_expression()),
-					},
-				},
-
-				else => self.report("expected local or field on left-hand side of expression"),
-			};
-		}
-
-		return expression;
-	}
-
-	fn parse_factor(self: *Tree) ParseError!Expression {
-		const allocator = self.arena.as_allocator();
-
-		var expression = @as(Expression, parse: {
-			switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-				.symbol_paren_left => {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					if (self.tokenizer.token == .end) {
-						return self.report("expected an expression after `(`");
-					}
-
-					const expression = try self.parse_expression();
-
-					if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_paren_right) {
-						return self.report("expected a closing `)` after expression");
-					}
-
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					break: parse .{.grouped_expression = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, expression)};
-				},
-
-				.keyword_nil => {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					break: parse .nil_literal;
-				},
-
-				.keyword_true => {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					break: parse .true_literal;
-				},
-
-				.keyword_false => {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					break: parse .false_literal;
-				},
-
-				.number => |value| {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					break: parse .{.number_literal = value};
-				},
-
-				.string => |value| {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					break: parse .{.string_literal = value};
-				},
-
-				.identifier => |identifier| {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					break: parse .{.local_get = .{.identifier = identifier}};
-				},
-
-				.builtin => |builtin| {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					break: parse .{.builtin = builtin};
-				},
-
-				.keyword_lambda => {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_paren_left) {
-						return self.report("expected `(` after opening lambda block");
-					}
-
-					var argument_identifiers = IdentifierList.make(allocator);
-
-					while (true) {
-						self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-						switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-							.identifier => |identifier| try argument_identifiers.push_one(identifier),
-							.symbol_paren_right => break,
-							else => return self.report("expected identifier or closing `)` in argument list"),
-						}
-
-						self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-						switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-							.symbol_comma => continue,
-							.symbol_paren_right => break,
-							else => return self.report("expected `,` or closing `)` after identifier in argument list"),
-						}
-					}
-
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_colon) {
-						return self.report("expected `:` after closing `)` of lambda block argument list");
-					}
-
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					var block_statements = Statement.List.make(allocator);
-
-					while (self.tokenizer.token != .keyword_end) {
-						try block_statements.push_one(try self.parse_statement());
-					}
-
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					break: parse .{
-						.lambda_literal = .{
-							.argument_identifiers = argument_identifiers,
-							.block_statements = block_statements,
-						},
-					};
-				},
-
-				.symbol_brace_left => {
-					var table_literal = Expression.TableLiteral.make(allocator);
-
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					while (true) {
-						switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-							.symbol_brace_right => {
-								self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-								break: parse .{.table_literal = table_literal};
-							},
-
-							.symbol_period => {
-								self.tokenizer.step();
-
-								const identifier = switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-									.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
-									else => return self.report("expected identifier after `.`"),
-								};
-
-								self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-								if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_equals) {
-									return self.report("expected `=` after symbol");
-								}
-
-								self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-								try table_literal.push_one(.{
-									.value_expression = try self.parse_expression(),
-									.key_expression = .{.symbol_literal = identifier},
-								});
-
-								switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-									.symbol_comma => self.tokenizer.skip_newlines(),
-
-									.symbol_brace_right => {
-										self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-										break: parse .{.table_literal = table_literal};
-									},
-
-									else => return self.report("expected `,` or `}` after expression"),
-								}
-							},
-
-							.symbol_bracket_left => {
-								self.tokenizer.step();
-
-								const subscript_expression = try self.parse_expression();
-
-								if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_bracket_right) {
-									return self.report("expected `]` after subscript expression");
-								}
-
-								self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-								if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_equals) {
-									return self.report("expected `=` after `]`");
-								}
-
-								self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-								try table_literal.push_one(.{
-									.value_expression = try self.parse_expression(),
-									.key_expression = subscript_expression,
-								});
-
-								switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-									.symbol_comma => self.tokenizer.skip_newlines(),
-
-									.symbol_brace_right => {
-										self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-										break: parse .{.table_literal = table_literal};
-									},
-
-									else => return self.report("expected `,` or `}` after expression"),
-								}
-							},
-
-							else => return self.report("expected `}` or fields in table literal"),
-						}
-					}
-				},
-
-				.symbol_minus => {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					if (self.tokenizer.token == .end) {
-						return self.report("expected expression after numeric negation (`-`)");
-					}
-
-					break: parse .{
-						.unary_operation = .{
-							.expression = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, try self.parse_factor()),
-							.operator = .numeric_negation,
-						},
-					};
-				},
-
-				.symbol_bang => {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					if (self.tokenizer.token == .end) {
-						return self.report("expected expression after boolean negation (`!`)");
-					}
-
-					break: parse .{
-						.unary_operation = .{
-							.expression = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, try self.parse_factor()),
-							.operator = .boolean_negation,
-						},
-					};
-				},
-
-				else => return self.report("unexpected token in expression"),
-			}
-		});
-
-		while (true) {
-			switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-				.symbol_period => {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					// TODO: Remove when Zig fixes miscompilation with in-place struct re-assignment.
-					const unnecessary_temp = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, expression);
-
-					expression = .{
-						.field_get = .{
-							.identifier = switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-								.identifier => |field_identifier| field_identifier,
-								else => return self.report("expected identifier after `.`"),
-							},
-
-							.object_expression = unnecessary_temp,
-						},
-					};
-
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-				},
-
-				.symbol_bracket_left => {
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					// TODO: Remove when Zig fixes miscompilation with in-place struct re-assignment.
-					const unnecessary_temp = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, expression);
-
-					expression = .{
-						.subscript_get = .{
-							.subscript_expression = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, try self.parse_expression()),
-							.object_expression = unnecessary_temp,
-						},
-					};
-
-					if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_bracket_right) {
-						return self.report("expected `]` subscript expression");
-					}
-
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-				},
-
-				.symbol_paren_left => {
-					var argument_expressions = Expression.List.make(allocator);
-
-					while (true) {
-						self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-						switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-							.symbol_paren_right => break,
-
-							else => {
-								try argument_expressions.push_one(try self.parse_expression());
-
-								switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-									.symbol_comma => continue,
-									.symbol_paren_right => break,
-									else => return self.report("expected `,` or `)` after function argument expression"),
-								}
-							},
-						}
-					}
-
-					self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-					// TODO: Remove when Zig fixes miscompilation with in-place struct re-assignment.
-					const unnecessary_temp = try coral.io.allocate_one(allocator, expression);
-
-					expression = .{
-						.invoke = .{
-							.argument_expressions = argument_expressions,
-							.object_expression = unnecessary_temp,
-						},
-					};
-				},
-
-				else => break,
-			}
-		}
-
-		return expression;
-	}
-
-	fn parse_statement(self: *Tree) ParseError!Statement {
-		const allocator = self.arena.as_allocator();
-
-		switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-			.keyword_return => {
-				if (self.has_returned) {
-					return self.report("multiple returns in lambda scope but expected only one");
-				}
-
-				self.tokenizer.step();
-
-				if (self.tokenizer.token != .end and self.tokenizer.token != .newline) {
-					return .{.@"return" = try self.parse_expression()};
-				}
-
-				if (self.tokenizer.token != .end and self.tokenizer.token != .newline) {
-					return self.report("expected end or newline after return statement");
-				}
-
-				self.has_returned = true;
-
-				return .{.@"return" = null};
-			},
-
-			.keyword_while => {
-				defer self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-				self.tokenizer.step();
-
-				const condition_expression = try self.parse_expression();
-
-				if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_colon) {
-					return self.report("expected `:` after `while` statement");
-				}
-
-				var statements = Statement.List.make(allocator);
-
-				self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-				while (self.tokenizer.token != .keyword_end) {
-					try statements.push_one(try self.parse_statement());
-				}
-
-				return .{
-					.@"while" = .{
-						.block_statements = statements,
-						.condition_expression = condition_expression,
-					},
-				};
-			},
-
-			.keyword_var => {
-				self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-				const identifier = switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-					.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
-					else => return self.report("expected identifier after `var` declaration statement"),
-				};
-
-				self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-				if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_equals) {
-					return self.report("expected `=` after declaration identifier");
-				}
-
-				self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-				return .{
-					.declare = .{
-						.assigned_expression = try self.parse_expression(),
-						.storage = .@"var",
-						.identifier = identifier,
-					},
-				};
-			},
-
-			.keyword_let => {
-				self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-				const identifier = switch (self.tokenizer.token) {
-					.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
-					else => return self.report("expected identifier after `let` declaration statement"),
-				};
-
-				self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-				if (self.tokenizer.token != .symbol_equals) {
-					return self.report("expected `=` after declaration identifier");
-				}
-
-				self.tokenizer.skip_newlines();
-
-				return .{
-					.declare = .{
-						.assigned_expression = try self.parse_expression(),
-						.storage = .let,
-						.identifier = identifier,
-					},
-				};
-			},
-
-			.keyword_if => return self.parse_branch(),
-			else => return .{.expression = try self.parse_expression()},
-		}
-	}
-
-	const parse_term = BinaryOperator.builder(parse_factor, &.{
-		.multiplication,
-		.divsion,
-	});
-
-	fn report(self: *Tree, message: []const coral.io.Byte) ParseError {
-		coral.utf8.print_formatted(coral.list.stack_as_writer(&self.error_buffer), "{name}@{line}: {message}", .{
-			.name = self.name,
-			.line = self.tokenizer.lines_stepped,
-			.message = message,
-		}) catch return error.OutOfMemory;
-
-		return error.BadSyntax;
-	}
-};
-
-pub const UnaryOperator = enum {
-	boolean_negation,
-	numeric_negation,
-};

source/ona/kym/tokens.zig

@@ -101,12 +101,12 @@ pub const Token = union(enum) {
 	}
 };
 
-pub const Tokenizer = struct {
+pub const Stream = struct {
 	source: []const coral.io.Byte,
 	lines_stepped: usize = 1,
 	token: Token = .newline,
 
-	pub fn skip_newlines(self: *Tokenizer) void {
+	pub fn skip_newlines(self: *Stream) void {
 		self.step();
 
 		while (self.token == .newline) {
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn step(self: *Tokenizer) void {
+	pub fn step(self: *Stream) void {
 		var cursor = @as(usize, 0);
 
 		defer self.source = self.source[cursor ..];
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 
 					switch (identifier[0]) {
 						'c' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "onst")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "onst")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_const;
 
 								return;
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 						},
 
 						'd' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "o")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "o")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_do;
 
 								return;
@@ -200,19 +200,19 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 						},
 
 						'e' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "lse")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "lse")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_else;
 
 								return;
 							}
 
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "lif")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "lif")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_elif;
 
 								return;
 							}
 
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "nd")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "nd")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_end;
 
 								return;
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 						},
 
 						'f' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "alse")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "alse")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_false;
 
 								return;
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 						},
 
 						'i' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "f")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "f")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_if;
 
 								return;
@@ -236,13 +236,13 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 						},
 
 						'l' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "ambda")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "ambda")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_lambda;
 
 								return;
 							}
 
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "et")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "et")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_let;
 
 								return;
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 						},
 
 						'n' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "il")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "il")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_nil;
 
 								return;
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 						},
 
 						'r' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "eturn")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "eturn")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_return;
 
 								return;
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 						},
 
 						's' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "elf")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "elf")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_self;
 
 								return;
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 						},
 
 						't' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "rue")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "rue")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_true;
 
 								return;
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 						},
 
 						'v' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "ar")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "ar")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_var;
 
 								return;
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 						},
 
 						'w' => {
-							if (coral.io.ends_with(identifier, "hile")) {
+							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "hile")) {
 								self.token = .keyword_while;
 
 								return;
@@ -305,21 +305,6 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 					return;
 				},
 
-				'@' => {
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					const begin = cursor;
-
-					while (cursor < self.source.len) switch (self.source[cursor]) {
-						'0'...'9', 'A'...'Z', 'a'...'z', '_' => cursor += 1,
-						else => break,
-					};
-
-					self.token = if (begin == cursor) .{.unknown = '@'} else .{.builtin = self.source[begin .. cursor]};
-
-					return;
-				},
-
 				'"' => {
 					cursor += 1;
 
@@ -485,6 +470,13 @@ pub const Tokenizer = struct {
 					return;
 				},
 
+				'@' => {
+					self.token = .symbol_at;
+					cursor += 1;
+
+					return;
+				},
+
 				else => {
 					self.token = .{.unknown = self.source[cursor]};
 					cursor += 1;

source/ona/kym/tree.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+const Expr = @import("./Expr.zig");
+
+const Stmt = @import("./Stmt.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const tokens = @import("./tokens.zig");
+
+pub const Declaration = struct {
+	identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
+	is_readonly: bool = false,
+	is_captured: bool = false,
+};
+
+pub const Environment = struct {
+	captures: [capture_max]u8 = [_]u8{0} ** capture_max,
+	capture_count: u8 = 0,
+	local_declarations: [declaration_max]Declaration = [_]Declaration{.{.identifier = ""}} ** declaration_max,
+	local_declaration_count: u8 = 0,
+	argument_count: u8 = 0,
+	statement: ?*const Stmt = null,
+	enclosing: ?*Environment = null,
+
+	const capture_max = coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u8).Int);
+
+	const declaration_max = coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u8).Int);
+
+	pub fn create_enclosed(self: *Environment, root: *Root) coral.io.AllocationError!*Environment {
+		return coral.io.allocate_one(root.arena.as_allocator(), Environment{
+			.enclosing = self,
+		});
+	}
+
+	pub fn declare(self: *Environment, identifier: []const coral.io.Byte) coral.io.AllocationError!?*const Declaration {
+		if (self.local_declaration_count == self.local_declarations.len) {
+			return error.OutOfMemory;
+		}
+
+		const declaration = &self.local_declarations[self.local_declaration_count];
+
+		declaration.* = .{.identifier = identifier};
+		self.local_declaration_count += 1;
+
+		return declaration;
+	}
+
+	pub fn resolve_declaration(self: *Environment, identifier: []const coral.io.Byte) coral.io.AllocationError!?*const Declaration {
+		var environment = self;
+		var ancestry = @as(usize, 0);
+
+		while (true) : (ancestry += 1) {
+			var remaining_count = self.local_declaration_count;
+
+			while (remaining_count != 0) {
+				remaining_count -= 1;
+
+				const declaration = &self.local_declarations[remaining_count];
+
+				if (coral.io.are_equal(declaration.identifier, identifier)) {
+					if (ancestry != 0) {
+						declaration.is_captured = true;
+						environment = self;
+
+						while (ancestry != 0) : (ancestry -= 1) {
+							if (environment.capture_count == self.captures.len) {
+								return error.OutOfMemory;
+							}
+
+							environment.captures[environment.capture_count] = remaining_count;
+							environment.capture_count += 1;
+
+							coral.debug.assert(environment.enclosing != null);
+
+							environment = environment.enclosing.?;
+						}
+					}
+
+					return declaration;
+				}
+			}
+
+			environment = environment.enclosing orelse return null;
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+pub const ParseError = coral.io.AllocationError || error {
+	BadSyntax,
+};
+
+pub const Root = struct {
+	arena: coral.arena.Stacking,
+	environment: Environment,
+	error_messages: MessageList,
+
+	const MessageList = coral.list.Stack([]coral.io.Byte);
+
+	pub fn report_error(self: *Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) ParseError {
+		const allocator = self.arena.as_allocator();
+
+		try self.error_messages.push_one(try coral.utf8.alloc_formatted(allocator, "{line}: {message}", .{
+			.message = try coral.utf8.alloc_formatted(allocator, format, args),
+			.line = stream.lines_stepped,
+		}));
+
+		return error.BadSyntax;
+	}
+
+	pub fn create_expr(self: *Root, expr: Expr) coral.io.AllocationError!*Expr {
+		return coral.io.allocate_one(self.arena.as_allocator(), expr);
+	}
+
+	pub fn create_stmt(self: *Root, stmt: Stmt) coral.io.AllocationError!*Stmt {
+		return coral.io.allocate_one(self.arena.as_allocator(), stmt);
+	}
+
+	pub fn free(self: *Root) void {
+		self.error_messages.free();
+		self.arena.free();
+	}
+
+	pub fn make(allocator: coral.io.Allocator) coral.io.AllocationError!Root {
+		const arena_page_size = 4096;
+
+		return .{
+			.arena = coral.arena.Stacking.make(allocator, arena_page_size),
+			.error_messages = MessageList.make(allocator),
+			.environment = .{},
+		};
+	}
+
+	pub fn parse(self: *Root, stream: *tokens.Stream) ParseError!void {
+		stream.skip_newlines();
+
+		const first_statement = try Stmt.parse(self, stream, &self.environment);
+		var current_statement = first_statement;
+
+		while (stream.token != .end) {
+			const next_statement = try Stmt.parse(self, stream, &self.environment);
+
+			current_statement.next = next_statement;
+			current_statement = next_statement;
+		}
+
+		self.environment.statement = first_statement;
+	}
+};
+