Major re-write to use asynchronous running loop

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+tools/sokol-shdc filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+tools/sokol-shdc.exe filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+*.bmp filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-/zig-cache/
+/zig-cache
-/zig-out/
+/zig-out

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 			"name": "Runner",
 			"type": "gdb",
 			"request": "launch",
-			"target": "${workspaceRoot}/zig-out/bin/runner",
+			"target": "${workspaceRoot}/zig-out/bin/main",
 			"cwd": "${workspaceRoot}/debug/",
 			"valuesFormatting": "parseText",
 			"preLaunchTask": "Build All"

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
 	"files.insertFinalNewline": true,
 	"files.trimTrailingWhitespace": true,
-	"zig.initialSetupDone": true,
+	"debug.console.collapseIdenticalLines": false,
 
 	"[zig]": {
 		"editor.formatOnSave": false,

.vscode/tasks.json

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 				"kind": "build",
 				"isDefault": true
 			},
-			"problemMatcher": "$gcc",
+			"problemMatcher": "$zig",
 			"presentation": {
 				"echo": true,
 				"reveal": "silent",
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 				"panel": "shared",
 				"showReuseMessage": false,
 				"clear": true,
-				"revealProblems": "onProblem"
+				"revealProblems": "onProblem",
 			}
 		}
 	]

build.zig

@@ -1,15 +1,30 @@
+const builtin = @import("builtin");
+
 const std = @import("std");
 
-pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
+pub fn build(b: *std.Build) !void {
 	const target = b.standardTargetOptions(.{});
 	const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
 
-	const coral_module = b.createModule(.{.source_file = .{.path = "./source/coral/coral.zig"}});
+	const coral_module = b.createModule(.{
+		.root_source_file = b.path("src/coral/coral.zig"),
+	});
 
-	const ona_module = b.createModule(.{
+	const ona_module = add: {
-		.source_file = .{.path = "./source/ona/ona.zig"},
+		const sokol_dependency = b.dependency("sokol", .{
+			.target = target,
+			.optimize = optimize,
+		});
+
+		const module = b.addModule("ona", .{
+			.root_source_file = b.path("src/ona/ona.zig"),
+
+			.imports = &.{
+				.{
+					.name = "sokol",
+					.module = sokol_dependency.module("sokol"),
+				},
 
-		.dependencies = &.{
 				.{
 					.name = "coral",
 					.module = coral_module,
@@ -17,28 +32,106 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
 			},
 		});
 
-	b.installArtifact(create: {
+		break: add module;
-		const compile_step = b.addExecutable(.{
+	};
-			.name = "runner",
-			.root_source_file = .{ .path = "source/runner.zig" },
-			.target = target,
-			.optimize = optimize,
-		});
-
-		compile_step.addModule("ona", ona_module);
-		compile_step.linkLibC();
-		compile_step.linkSystemLibrary("SDL2");
-
-		break: create compile_step;
-	});
 
 	b.step("test", "Run unit tests").dependOn(create: {
 		const tests = b.addTest(.{
-			.root_source_file = .{.path = "source/test.zig"},
+			.root_source_file = b.path("src/test.zig"),
 			.target = target,
 			.optimize = optimize,
 		});
 
 		break: create &tests.step;
 	});
+
+	b.installArtifact(add: {
+		const compile_step = b.addExecutable(.{
+			.name = "main",
+			.root_source_file = b.path("src/main.zig"),
+			.target = target,
+			.optimize = optimize,
+		});
+
+		compile_step.root_module.addImport("ona", ona_module);
+		compile_step.root_module.addImport("coral", coral_module);
+		compile_step.linkLibC();
+		compile_step.linkSystemLibrary("SDL2");
+
+		try depend_on_shaders(b, target, "src/ona/gfx/shaders/", &compile_step.step);
+
+		break: add compile_step;
+	});
+}
+
+fn depend_on_shaders(
+	b: *std.Build,
+	target: std.Build.ResolvedTarget,
+	shader_dir_path: []const u8,
+	step: *std.Build.Step,
+) !void {
+	var dir = try std.fs.cwd().openDir(shader_dir_path, .{ .iterate = true });
+
+	defer dir.close();
+
+	var walker = try dir.walk(b.allocator);
+
+	defer walker.deinit();
+
+	const shdc_path = switch (builtin.os.tag) {
+		.windows => "./tools/sokol-shdc.exe",
+		.linux => "./tools/sokol-shdc",
+		else => @compileError("cannot compile sokol shaders on this platform"),
+	};
+
+	const path_buffer_max = 255;
+	var input_path_buffer = [_]u8{undefined} ** path_buffer_max;
+	var output_path_buffer = [_]u8{undefined} ** path_buffer_max;
+
+	const glsl = if (target.result.isDarwin()) "glsl410" else "glsl430";
+	const slang = glsl ++ ":metal_macos:hlsl5:glsl300es:wgsl";
+
+	while (try walker.next()) |entry| {
+		if (entry.kind != .file or !std.mem.endsWith(u8, entry.path, ".glsl")) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		const input_path = try std.fmt.bufPrint(&input_path_buffer, "{s}{s}", .{shader_dir_path, entry.path});
+		const output_path = try std.fmt.bufPrint(&output_path_buffer, "{s}.zig", .{input_path});
+		const output = std.fs.path.basename(output_path);
+
+		dir.access(output, .{.mode = .read_only}) catch {
+			const cmd = b.addSystemCommand(&.{
+				shdc_path,
+				"-i",
+				input_path,
+				"-o",
+				output_path,
+				"-l",
+				slang,
+				"-f",
+				"sokol_zig",
+			});
+
+			step.dependOn(&cmd.step);
+
+			continue;
+		};
+
+		if ((try dir.statFile(entry.path)).mtime > (try dir.statFile(output)).mtime) {
+			const cmd = b.addSystemCommand(&.{
+				shdc_path,
+				"-i",
+				input_path,
+				"-o",
+				output_path,
+				"-l",
+				slang,
+				"-f",
+				"sokol_zig",
+			});
+
+			step.dependOn(&cmd.step);
+		}
+	}
 }

build.zig.zon

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+.{
+    .name = "Ona",
+    .version = "0.0.1",
+    .paths = .{
+        "src",
+        "build.zig",
+        "build.zig.zon",
+		"LICENSE",
+		"README.md",
+    },
+    .dependencies = .{
+        .sokol = .{
+            .url = "git+https://github.com/floooh/sokol-zig.git#796a3d3d54c22d20da9e91a9a9120d5423d1e700",
+            .hash = "12209a187e071d76af00c02865677d170f844376866d062b1b5f82e4ecbd750c4e18",
+        },
+    },
+}

debug/app.ona

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-
-let tool = "wrench"
-var test_param = `monkey {tool} {2 + 1 - 1}`
-
-let printer = lambda (pfx):
-	@print(test_param)
-
-	return lambda (msg):
-		@print(pfx)
-		@print(msg)
-	end
-end
-
-let pr = printer("this is a final closure")
-
-pr("goodbye")
-
-return {
-	.title = "Game",
-	.width = 1280,
-	.height = 800,
-	.tick_rate = 60,
-}

source/coral/arena.zig

@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-const debug = @import("./debug.zig");
-
-const io = @import("./io.zig");
-
-const list = @import("./list.zig");
-
-const math = @import("./math.zig");
-
-pub const Stacking = struct {
-	allocator: io.Allocator,
-	min_region_size: usize,
-	head_region: ?*Region,
-	tail_region: ?*Region,
-
-	const Region = struct {
-		next: ?*Region,
-		count: usize,
-		capacity: usize,
-
-		fn allocate(self: *Region, region_size: usize) []usize {
-			debug.assert(self.can_allocate(region_size));
-
-			const offset = (@sizeOf(Region) / @alignOf(usize)) + self.count;
-			const allocation = @as([*]usize, @ptrCast(self))[offset .. (offset + region_size)];
-
-			self.count += region_size;
-
-			return allocation;
-		}
-
-		fn as_raw(self: *Region) []usize {
-			return @as([*]usize, @ptrCast(self))[0 .. ((@sizeOf(Region) / @alignOf(usize)) + self.capacity)];
-		}
-
-		fn can_allocate(self: Region, region_size: usize) bool {
-			return (self.count + region_size) <= self.capacity;
-		}
-	};
-
-	fn allocate_region(self: *Stacking, requested_region_size: usize) io.AllocationError!*Region {
-		const region_size = @max(requested_region_size, self.min_region_size);
-		const region = @as(*Region, @ptrCast(@alignCast(try self.allocator.reallocate(null, @alignOf(Region) + (@alignOf(usize) * region_size)))));
-
-		region.* = .{
-			.next = null,
-			.count = 0,
-			.capacity = region_size,
-		};
-
-		return region;
-	}
-
-	pub fn as_allocator(self: *Stacking) io.Allocator {
-		return io.Allocator.bind(Stacking, self, .{
-			.deallocate = deallocate,
-			.reallocate = reallocate,
-		});
-	}
-
-	pub fn deinit(self: *Stacking) void {
-		while (self.head_region) |region| {
-			const next_region = region.next;
-
-			self.allocator.deallocate(region.as_raw());
-
-			self.head_region = next_region;
-		}
-
-		self.head_region = null;
-		self.tail_region = null;
-	}
-
-	fn deallocate(_: *Stacking, _: []io.Byte) void {
-		// TODO: Decide how to implement.
-		unreachable;
-	}
-
-	pub fn init(allocator: io.Allocator, min_region_size: usize) Stacking {
-		return Stacking{
-			.allocator = allocator,
-			.min_region_size = min_region_size,
-			.head_region = null,
-			.tail_region = null,
-		};
-	}
-
-	fn reallocate(self: *Stacking, _: usize, allocation: ?[]io.Byte, byte_size: usize) io.AllocationError![]io.Byte {
-		if (allocation) |buffer| {
-			if (byte_size < buffer.len) {
-				return buffer[0 .. byte_size];
-			}
-		}
-
-		const region_size = (byte_size + @sizeOf(usize) - 1) / @sizeOf(usize);
-
-		const tail_region = self.tail_region orelse {
-			const region = try self.allocate_region(region_size);
-
-			self.tail_region = region;
-			self.head_region = self.tail_region;
-
-			return @as([*]io.Byte, @ptrCast(region.allocate(region_size)))[0 .. byte_size];
-		};
-
-		if (!tail_region.can_allocate(region_size)) {
-			const region = try self.allocate_region(region_size);
-
-			tail_region.next = region;
-			self.tail_region = region;
-
-			return @as([*]io.Byte, @ptrCast(region.allocate(region_size)))[0 .. byte_size];
-		}
-
-		return @as([*]io.Byte, @ptrCast(tail_region.allocate(region_size)))[0 .. byte_size];
-	}
-};

source/coral/coral.zig

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-
-pub const arena = @import("./arena.zig");
-
-pub const debug = @import("./debug.zig");
-
-pub const io = @import("./io.zig");
-
-pub const list = @import("./list.zig");
-
-pub const map = @import("./map.zig");
-
-pub const math = @import("./math.zig");
-
-pub const utf8 = @import("./utf8.zig");

source/coral/debug.zig

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-
-pub fn assert(condition: bool) void {
-	if (!condition) {
-		unreachable;
-	}
-}

source/coral/io.zig

@@ -1,383 +0,0 @@
-const debug = @import("./debug.zig");
-
-const math = @import("./math.zig");
-
-const std = @import("std");
-
-pub const AllocationError = error {
-	OutOfMemory,
-};
-
-pub const Allocator = struct {
-	context: *anyopaque,
-
-	actions: *const struct {
-		deallocate: *const fn (context: *anyopaque, allocation: []Byte) void,
-		reallocate: *const fn (context: *anyopaque, return_address: usize, existing_allocation: ?[]Byte, size: usize) AllocationError![]Byte,
-	},
-
-	pub fn Actions(comptime State: type) type {
-		return struct {
-			deallocate: fn (state: *State, allocation: []Byte) void,
-			reallocate: fn (state: *State, return_address: usize, existing_allocation: ?[]Byte, size: usize) AllocationError![]Byte,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn bind(comptime State: type, state: *State, comptime actions: Actions(State)) Allocator {
-		const is_zero_aligned = @alignOf(State) == 0;
-
-		const ErasedActions = struct {
-			fn deallocate(context: *anyopaque, allocation: []Byte) void {
-				if (is_zero_aligned) {
-					return actions.deallocate(@ptrCast(context), allocation);
-				}
-
-				return actions.deallocate(@ptrCast(@alignCast(context)), allocation);
-			}
-
-			fn reallocate(context: *anyopaque, return_address: usize, existing_allocation: ?[]Byte, size: usize) AllocationError![]Byte {
-				if (is_zero_aligned) {
-					return actions.reallocate(@ptrCast(context), return_address, existing_allocation, size);
-				}
-
-				return actions.reallocate(@ptrCast(@alignCast(context)), return_address, existing_allocation, size);
-			}
-		};
-
-		return .{
-			.context = if (is_zero_aligned) state else @ptrCast(state),
-
-			.actions = &.{
-				.deallocate = ErasedActions.deallocate,
-				.reallocate = ErasedActions.reallocate,
-			}
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn deallocate(self: Allocator, allocation: anytype) void {
-		switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(allocation))) {
-			.Pointer => |pointer| {
-				self.actions.deallocate(self.context, switch (pointer.size) {
-					.One => @as([*]Byte, @ptrCast(allocation))[0 .. @sizeOf(pointer.child)],
-					.Slice => @as([*]Byte, @ptrCast(allocation.ptr))[0 .. (@sizeOf(pointer.child) * allocation.len)],
-					.Many, .C => @compileError("length of allocation must be known to deallocate"),
-				});
-			},
-
-			else => @compileError("cannot deallocate " ++ allocation),
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn reallocate(self: Allocator, allocation: ?[]Byte, allocation_size: usize) AllocationError![]Byte {
-		return self.actions.reallocate(self.context, @returnAddress(), allocation, allocation_size);
-	}
-};
-
-pub const Byte = u8;
-
-pub const FixedBuffer = struct {
-	bytes: []Byte,
-
-	pub fn as_writer(self: *FixedBuffer) Writer {
-		return Writer.bind(FixedBuffer, self, struct {
-			fn write(writable_memory: *FixedBuffer, data: []const Byte) ?usize {
-				return writable_memory.write(data);
-			}
-		}.write);
-	}
-
-	pub fn put(self: *FixedBuffer, byte: Byte) bool {
-		if (self.bytes.len == 0) {
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		self.bytes[0] = byte;
-		self.bytes = self.bytes[1 ..];
-
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	pub fn write(self: *FixedBuffer, bytes: []const Byte) usize {
-		const writable = @min(self.bytes.len, bytes.len);
-
-		copy(self.bytes, bytes);
-
-		self.bytes = self.bytes[writable ..];
-
-		return writable;
-	}
-};
-
-pub fn Functor(comptime Output: type, comptime Input: type) type {
-	return struct {
-		context: *const anyopaque,
-		invoker: *const fn (capture: *const anyopaque, input: Input) Output,
-
-		const Self = @This();
-
-		pub fn bind(comptime State: type, state: *const State, comptime invoker: fn (capture: *const State, input: Input) Output) Self {
-			const is_zero_aligned = @alignOf(State) == 0;
-
-			const Invoker = struct {
-				fn invoke(context: *const anyopaque, input: Input) Output {
-					if (is_zero_aligned) {
-						return invoker(@ptrCast(context), input);
-					}
-
-					return invoker(@ptrCast(@alignCast(context)), input);
-				}
-			};
-
-			return .{
-				.context = if (is_zero_aligned) state else @ptrCast(state),
-				.invoker = Invoker.invoke,
-			};
-		}
-
-		pub fn from(comptime invoker: fn (input: Input) Output) Self {
-			const Invoker = struct {
-				fn invoke(_: *const anyopaque, input: Input) Output {
-					return invoker(input);
-				}
-			};
-
-			return .{
-				.context = &.{},
-				.invoker = Invoker.invoke,
-			};
-		}
-
-		pub fn invoke(self: Self, input: Input) Output {
-			return self.invoker(self.context, input);
-		}
-	};
-}
-
-pub fn Generator(comptime Output: type, comptime Input: type) type {
-	return struct {
-		context: *anyopaque,
-		invoker: *const fn (capture: *anyopaque, input: Input) Output,
-
-		const Self = @This();
-
-		pub fn bind(comptime State: type, state: *State, comptime invoker: fn (capture: *State, input: Input) Output) Self {
-			const is_zero_aligned = @alignOf(State) == 0;
-
-			return .{
-				.context = if (is_zero_aligned) state else @ptrCast(state),
-
-				.invoker = struct {
-					fn invoke(context: *anyopaque, input: Input) Output {
-						if (is_zero_aligned) {
-							return invoker(@ptrCast(context), input);
-						}
-
-						return invoker(@ptrCast(@alignCast(context)), input);
-					}
-				}.invoke,
-			};
-		}
-
-		pub fn from(comptime invoker: fn (input: Input) Output) Self {
-			const Invoker = struct {
-				fn invoke(_: *const anyopaque, input: Input) Output {
-					return invoker(input);
-				}
-			};
-
-			return .{
-				.context = &.{},
-				.invoker = Invoker.invoke,
-			};
-		}
-
-		pub fn invoke(self: Self, input: Input) Output {
-			return self.invoker(self.context, input);
-		}
-	};
-}
-
-pub fn Tag(comptime Element: type) type {
-	return switch (@typeInfo(Element)) {
-		.Enum => |info| info.tag_type,
-		.Union => |info| info.tag_type orelse @compileError(@typeName(Element) ++ " has no tag type"),
-		else => @compileError("expected enum or union type, found '" ++ @typeName(Element) ++ "'"),
-	};
-}
-
-pub const Writer = Generator(?usize, []const Byte);
-
-pub fn all_equals(target: []const Byte, match: Byte) bool {
-	for (0 .. target.len) |index| {
-		if (target[index] != match) {
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-pub fn allocate_copy(comptime Element: type, allocator: Allocator, source: []const Element) AllocationError![]Element {
-	const allocation = try allocator.actions.reallocate(allocator.context, @returnAddress(), null, @sizeOf(Element) * source.len);
-
-	copy(allocation, bytes_of(source));
-
-	return @as([*]Element, @ptrCast(@alignCast(allocation.ptr)))[0 .. source.len];
-}
-
-pub fn allocate_many(allocator: Allocator, count: usize, value: anytype) AllocationError![]@TypeOf(value) {
-	const Type = @TypeOf(value);
-	const typeSize = @sizeOf(Type);
-
-	if (typeSize == 0) {
-		@compileError("Cannot allocate memory for 0-byte sized type " ++ @typeName(Type));
-	}
-
-	const allocations = @as([*]Type, @ptrCast(@alignCast(try allocator.actions.reallocate(
-		allocator.context,
-		@returnAddress(),
-		null,
-		typeSize * count))))[0 .. count];
-
-	for (allocations) |*allocation| {
-		allocation.* = value;
-	}
-
-	return allocations;
-}
-
-pub fn allocate_one(allocator: Allocator, value: anytype) AllocationError!*@TypeOf(value) {
-	const Type = @TypeOf(value);
-	const typeSize = @sizeOf(Type);
-
-	if (typeSize == 0) {
-		@compileError("Cannot allocate memory for 0-byte sized type " ++ @typeName(Type));
-	}
-
-	const allocation = @as(*Type, @ptrCast(@alignCast(try allocator.actions.reallocate(
-		allocator.context,
-		@returnAddress(),
-		null,
-		typeSize))));
-
-	allocation.* = value;
-
-	return allocation;
-}
-
-pub fn allocate_string(allocator: Allocator, source: []const Byte) AllocationError![:0]Byte {
-	const allocation = try allocator.actions.reallocate(allocator.context, @returnAddress(), null, source.len + 1);
-
-	copy(allocation[0 .. source.len], source);
-
-	allocation[source.len] = 0;
-
-	return @ptrCast(allocation);
-}
-
-pub fn are_equal(target: []const Byte, match: []const Byte) bool {
-	if (target.len != match.len) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	for (0 .. target.len) |index| {
-		if (target[index] != match[index]) {
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-pub fn bytes_of(value: anytype) []const Byte {
-	const pointer_info = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(value)).Pointer;
-
-	return switch (pointer_info.size) {
-		.One => @as([*]const Byte, @ptrCast(value))[0 .. @sizeOf(pointer_info.child)],
-		.Slice => @as([*]const Byte, @ptrCast(value.ptr))[0 .. @sizeOf(pointer_info.child) * value.len],
-		else => @compileError("`value` must be single-element pointer or slice type"),
-	};
-}
-
-pub fn copy(target: []Byte, source: []const Byte) void {
-	var index: usize = 0;
-
-	while (index < source.len) : (index += 1) {
-		target[index] = source[index];
-	}
-}
-
-pub fn compare(this: []const Byte, that: []const Byte) isize {
-	const range = @min(this.len, that.len);
-	var index: usize = 0;
-
-	while (index < range) : (index += 1) {
-		const difference = @as(isize, @intCast(this[index])) - @as(isize, @intCast(that[index]));
-
-		if (difference != 0) {
-			return difference;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return @as(isize, @intCast(this.len)) - @as(isize, @intCast(that.len));
-}
-
-pub fn djb2_hash(comptime int: std.builtin.Type.Int, target: []const Byte) math.Int(int) {
-	var hash_code = @as(math.Int(int), 5381);
-
-	for (target) |byte| {
-		hash_code = ((hash_code << 5) +% hash_code) +% byte;
-	}
-
-	return hash_code;
-}
-
-pub fn find_first(haystack: []const Byte, needle: Byte) ?usize {
-	for (0 .. haystack.len) |i| {
-		if (haystack[i] == needle) {
-			return i;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return null;
-}
-
-pub fn jenkins_hash(comptime int: std.builtin.Type.Int, bytes: []const Byte) math.Int(int) {
-    var hash = @as(math.Int(int), 0);
-
-    for (bytes) |byte| {
-        hash +%= byte;
-        hash +%= (hash << 10);
-        hash ^= (hash >> 6);
-    }
-
-    hash +%= (hash << 3);
-    hash ^= (hash >> 11);
-    hash +%= (hash << 15);
-
-    return hash;
-}
-
-pub const null_writer = Writer.from(write_null);
-
-pub fn slice_sentineled(comptime sen: anytype, ptr: [*:sen]const @TypeOf(sen)) [:sen]const @TypeOf(sen) {
-    var len = @as(usize, 0);
-
-    while (ptr[len] != sen) {
-        len += 1;
-    }
-
-    return ptr[0 .. len:sen];
-}
-
-pub fn tag_of(comptime value: anytype) Tag(@TypeOf(value)) {
-	return @as(Tag(@TypeOf(value)), value);
-}
-
-fn write_null(buffer: []const u8) ?usize {
-	return buffer.len;
-}
-
-pub fn zero(target: []Byte) void {
-	for (target) |*t| t.* = 0;
-}

source/coral/list.zig

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-const io = @import("./io.zig");
-
-const math = @import("./math.zig");
-
-pub const ByteStack = Stack(io.Byte);
-
-pub fn Stack(comptime Value: type) type {
-	return struct {
-		allocator: io.Allocator,
-		capacity: usize,
-		values: []Value,
-
-		const Self = @This();
-
-		pub fn clear(self: *Self) void {
-			self.values = self.values[0 .. 0];
-		}
-
-		pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
-			if (self.capacity == 0) {
-				return;
-			}
-
-			self.allocator.deallocate(self.values.ptr[0 .. self.capacity]);
-
-			self.values = &.{};
-		}
-
-		pub fn drop(self: *Self, count: usize) bool {
-			if (math.checked_sub(self.values.len, count)) |updated_count| {
-				self.values = self.values[0 .. updated_count];
-
-				return true;
-			}
-
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		pub fn grow(self: *Self, growth_amount: usize) io.AllocationError!void {
-			const grown_capacity = self.capacity + growth_amount;
-			const buffer = try self.allocator.reallocate(null, @sizeOf(Value) * grown_capacity);
-
-			errdefer self.allocator.deallocate(buffer);
-
-			if (self.capacity != 0) {
-				io.copy(buffer, io.bytes_of(self.values));
-				self.allocator.deallocate(self.values.ptr[0 .. self.capacity]);
-			}
-
-			self.values = @as([*]Value, @ptrCast(@alignCast(buffer)))[0 .. self.values.len];
-			self.capacity = grown_capacity;
-		}
-
-		pub fn init(allocator: io.Allocator) Self {
-			return .{
-				.allocator = allocator,
-				.capacity = 0,
-				.values = &.{},
-			};
-		}
-
-		pub fn is_empty(self: Self) bool {
-			return self.values.len == 0;
-		}
-
-		pub fn pack(self: *Self) io.AllocationError![]Value {
-			const packed_size = self.values.len;
-			const buffer = try self.allocator.reallocate(null, @sizeOf(Value) * self.values.len);
-
-			io.copy(buffer, io.bytes_of(self.values));
-
-			if (self.capacity != 0) {
-				self.allocator.deallocate(self.values.ptr[0 .. self.capacity]);
-			}
-
-			self.values = @as([*]Value, @ptrCast(@alignCast(buffer)))[0 .. packed_size];
-			self.capacity = packed_size;
-
-			return self.values;
-		}
-
-		pub fn peek(self: Self) ?Value {
-			if (self.values.len == 0) {
-				return null;
-			}
-
-			return self.values[self.values.len - 1];
-		}
-
-		pub fn pop(self: *Self) ?Value {
-			if (self.values.len == 0) {
-				return null;
-			}
-
-			const last_index = self.values.len - 1;
-
-			defer self.values = self.values[0 .. last_index];
-
-			return self.values[last_index];
-		}
-
-		pub fn push_all(self: *Self, values: []const Value) io.AllocationError!void {
-			const new_length = self.values.len + values.len;
-
-			if (new_length > self.capacity) {
-				try self.grow(values.len + values.len);
-			}
-
-			const offset_index = self.values.len;
-
-			self.values = self.values.ptr[0 .. new_length];
-
-			for (0 .. values.len) |index| {
-				self.values[offset_index + index] = values[index];
-			}
-		}
-
-		pub fn push_one(self: *Self, value: Value) io.AllocationError!void {
-			if (self.values.len == self.capacity) {
-				try self.grow(@max(1, self.capacity));
-			}
-
-			const offset_index = self.values.len;
-
-			self.values = self.values.ptr[0 .. self.values.len + 1];
-
-			self.values[offset_index] = value;
-		}
-	};
-}
-
-pub fn stack_as_writer(self: *ByteStack) io.Writer {
-	return io.Writer.bind(ByteStack, self, write_stack);
-}
-
-fn write_stack(stack: *ByteStack, bytes: []const io.Byte) ?usize {
-	stack.push_all(bytes) catch return null;
-
-	return bytes.len;
-}

source/coral/map.zig

@@ -1,274 +0,0 @@
-const debug = @import("./debug.zig");
-
-const io = @import("./io.zig");
-
-const list = @import("./list.zig");
-
-const math = @import("./math.zig");
-
-pub fn StringTable(comptime Value: type) type {
-	return Table([]const io.Byte, Value, struct {
-		const Self = @This();
-
-		fn equals(key_a: []const io.Byte, key_b: []const io.Byte) bool {
-			return io.are_equal(key_a, key_b);
-		}
-
-		fn hash(key: []const io.Byte) usize {
-			return io.djb2_hash(@typeInfo(usize).Int, key);
-		}
-	});
-}
-
-pub fn Table(comptime Key: type, comptime Value: type, comptime Traits: type) type {
-	const load_max = 0.75;
-	const max_int = math.max_int(@typeInfo(usize).Int);
-
-	return struct {
-		allocator: io.Allocator,
-		traits: Traits,
-		count: usize,
-		entries: []?Entry,
-
-		pub const Entry = struct {
-			key: Key,
-			value: Value,
-
-			fn write_into(self: Entry, table: *Self) bool {
-				const hash_max = @min(max_int, table.entries.len);
-				var hashed_key = table.hash_key(self.key) % hash_max;
-				var iterations = @as(usize, 0);
-
-				while (true) : (iterations += 1) {
-					debug.assert(iterations < table.entries.len);
-
-					const table_entry = &(table.entries[hashed_key] orelse {
-						table.entries[hashed_key] = .{
-							.key = self.key,
-							.value = self.value,
-						};
-
-						table.count += 1;
-
-						return true;
-					});
-
-					if (table.keys_equal(table_entry.key, self.key)) {
-						return false;
-					}
-
-					hashed_key = (hashed_key +% 1) % hash_max;
-				}
-			}
-		};
-
-		pub const Iterable = struct {
-			table: *Self,
-			iterations: usize,
-
-			pub fn next(self: *Iterable) ?Entry {
-				while (self.iterations < self.table.entries.len) {
-					defer self.iterations += 1;
-
-					if (self.table.entries[self.iterations]) |entry| {
-						return entry;
-					}
-				}
-
-				return null;
-			}
-		};
-
-		const Self = @This();
-
-		pub fn as_iterable(self: *Self) Iterable {
-			return .{
-				.table = self,
-				.iterations = 0,
-			};
-		}
-
-		fn hash_key(self: Self, key: Key) usize {
-			return if (@sizeOf(Traits) == 0) Traits.hash(key) else self.traits.hash(key);
-		}
-
-		pub fn remove(self: *Self, key: Key) ?Entry {
-			const hash_max = @min(max_int, self.entries.len);
-			var hashed_key = self.hash_key(key) % hash_max;
-
-			while (true) {
-				const entry = &(self.entries[hashed_key] orelse continue);
-
-				if (self.keys_equal(entry.key, key)) {
-					const original_entry = entry.*;
-
-					self.entries[hashed_key] = null;
-
-					return original_entry;
-				}
-
-				hashed_key = (hashed_key +% 1) % hash_max;
-			}
-		}
-
-		pub fn replace(self: *Self, key: Key, value: Value) io.AllocationError!?Entry {
-			try self.rehash(load_max);
-
-			debug.assert(self.entries.len > self.count);
-
-			{
-				const hash_max = @min(max_int, self.entries.len);
-				const has_context = @sizeOf(Traits) != 0;
-				var hashed_key = (if (has_context) self.traits.hash(key) else Traits.hash(key)) % hash_max;
-
-				while (true) {
-					const entry = &(self.entries[hashed_key] orelse {
-						self.entries[hashed_key] = .{
-							.key = key,
-							.value = value,
-						};
-
-						self.count += 1;
-
-						return null;
-					});
-
-					if (has_context) {
-						if (self.traits.equals(entry.key, key)) {
-							const original_entry = entry.*;
-
-							entry.* = .{
-								.key = key,
-								.value = value,
-							};
-
-							return original_entry;
-						}
-					} else {
-						if (Traits.equals(entry.key, key)) {
-							const original_entry = entry.*;
-
-							entry.* = .{
-								.key = key,
-								.value = value,
-							};
-
-							return original_entry;
-						}
-					}
-
-					hashed_key = (hashed_key +% 1) % hash_max;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		pub fn calculate_load_factor(self: Self) f32 {
-			return if (self.entries.len == 0) 1 else @as(f32, @floatFromInt(self.count)) / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(self.entries.len));
-		}
-
-		pub fn clear(self: *Self) void {
-			for (self.entries) |*entry| {
-				entry.* = null;
-			}
-
-			self.count = 0;
-		}
-
-		pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
-			if (self.entries.len == 0) {
-				return;
-			}
-
-			self.allocator.deallocate(self.entries);
-
-			self.entries = &.{};
-			self.count = 0;
-		}
-
-		pub fn init(allocator: io.Allocator, traits: Traits) Self {
-			return .{
-				.allocator = allocator,
-				.count = 0,
-				.entries = &.{},
-				.traits = traits,
-			};
-		}
-
-		pub fn insert(self: *Self, key: Key, value: Value) io.AllocationError!bool {
-			try self.rehash(load_max);
-
-			debug.assert(self.entries.len > self.count);
-
-			const entry = Entry{
-				.key = key,
-				.value = value,
-			};
-
-			return entry.write_into(self);
-		}
-
-		fn keys_equal(self: Self, key_a: Key, key_b: Key) bool {
-			if (@sizeOf(Traits) == 0) {
-				return Traits.equals(key_a, key_b);
-			} else {
-				return self.traits.equals(key_a, key_b);
-			}
-		}
-
-		pub fn lookup(self: Self, key: Key) ?Value {
-			if (self.count == 0) {
-				return null;
-			}
-
-			const hash_max = @min(max_int, self.entries.len);
-			const has_context = @sizeOf(Traits) != 0;
-			var hashed_key = (if (has_context) self.traits.hash(key) else Traits.hash(key)) % hash_max;
-			var iterations = @as(usize, 0);
-
-			while (iterations < self.count) : (iterations += 1) {
-				const entry = &(self.entries[hashed_key] orelse return null);
-
-				if (has_context) {
-					if (self.traits.equals(entry.key, key)) {
-						return entry.value;
-					}
-				} else {
-					if (Traits.equals(entry.key, key)) {
-						return entry.value;
-					}
-				}
-
-				hashed_key = (hashed_key +% 1) % hash_max;
-			}
-
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		pub fn rehash(self: *Self, max_load: f32) io.AllocationError!void {
-			if (self.calculate_load_factor() <= max_load) {
-				return;
-			}
-
-			var table = init(self.allocator, self.traits);
-
-			errdefer table.deinit();
-
-			table.entries = allocate: {
-				const min_count = @max(1, self.count);
-				const table_size = min_count * 2;
-
-				break: allocate try io.allocate_many(self.allocator, table_size, @as(?Entry, null));
-			};
-
-			for (self.entries) |maybe_entry| {
-				if (maybe_entry) |entry| {
-					debug.assert(entry.write_into(&table));
-				}
-			}
-
-			self.deinit();
-
-			self.* = table;
-		}
-	};
-}

source/coral/math.zig

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-const std = @import("std");
-
-pub fn Int(comptime int: std.builtin.Type.Int) type {
-	return @Type(.{.Int = int});
-}
-
-pub fn clamp(value: anytype, lower: anytype, upper: anytype) @TypeOf(value, lower, upper) {
-	return @max(lower, @min(upper, value));
-}
-
-pub fn checked_add(a: anytype, b: anytype) ?@TypeOf(a + b) {
-	const result = @addWithOverflow(a, b);
-
-	return if (result.@"1" == 0) result.@"0" else null;
-}
-
-pub fn checked_mul(a: anytype, b: anytype) ?@TypeOf(a * b) {
-	const result = @mulWithOverflow(a, b);
-
-	return if (result.@"1" == 0) result.@"0" else null;
-}
-
-pub fn checked_sub(a: anytype, b: anytype) ?@TypeOf(a - b) {
-	const result = @subWithOverflow(a, b);
-
-	return if (result.@"1" == 0) result.@"0" else null;
-}
-
-pub fn clamped_cast(comptime dest_int: std.builtin.Type.Int, value: anytype) Int(dest_int) {
-	const Value = @TypeOf(value);
-
-	return switch (@typeInfo(Value)) {
-		.Int => |int| switch (int.signedness) {
-			.signed => @intCast(clamp(value, min_int(dest_int), max_int(dest_int))),
-			.unsigned => @intCast(@min(value, max_int(dest_int))),
-		},
-
-		.Float => @intFromFloat(clamp(value, min_int(dest_int), max_int(dest_int))),
-
-		else => @compileError("`" ++ @typeName(Value) ++ "` cannot be cast to an int"),
-	};
-}
-
-pub fn max_int(comptime int: std.builtin.Type.Int) comptime_int {
-	const bit_count = int.bits;
-
-	if (bit_count == 0) return 0;
-
-	return (1 << (bit_count - @intFromBool(int.signedness == .signed))) - 1;
-}
-
-pub fn min_int(comptime int: std.builtin.Type.Int) comptime_int {
-	if (int.signedness == .unsigned) {
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	const bit_count = int.bits;
-
-	if (bit_count == 0) return 0;
-
-	return -(1 << (bit_count - 1));
-}

source/coral/utf8.zig

@@ -1,318 +0,0 @@
-const debug = @import("./debug.zig");
-
-const io = @import("./io.zig");
-
-const math = @import("./math.zig");
-
-pub const DecimalFormat = struct {
-	delimiter: []const io.Byte,
-	positive_prefix: enum {none, plus, space},
-
-	pub const default = DecimalFormat{
-		.delimiter = "",
-		.positive_prefix = .none,
-	};
-
-	pub fn parse(self: DecimalFormat, utf8: []const io.Byte, comptime Decimal: type) ?Decimal {
-		if (utf8.len == 0) {
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		switch (@typeInfo(Decimal)) {
-			.Int => |int| {
-				var has_sign = switch (utf8[0]) {
-					'-', '+', ' ' => true,
-					else => false,
-				};
-
-				var result = @as(Decimal, 0);
-
-				for (@intFromBool(has_sign) .. utf8.len) |index| {
-					const radix = 10;
-					const code = utf8[index];
-
-					switch (code) {
-						'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' => {
-							const offset_code = math.checked_sub(code, '0') orelse return null;
-
-							result = math.checked_mul(result, radix) orelse return null;
-							result = math.checked_add(result, offset_code) orelse return null;
-						},
-
-						else => {
-							if (self.delimiter.len == 0 or !io.are_equal(self.delimiter, utf8[index ..])) {
-								return null;
-							}
-						},
-					}
-				}
-
-				switch (int.signedness) {
-					.signed => {
-						return result * @as(Decimal, if (has_sign and utf8[0] == '-') -1 else 1);
-					},
-
-					.unsigned => {
-						if (has_sign and utf8[0] == '-') {
-							return null;
-						}
-
-						return result;
-					},
-				}
-			},
-
-			.Float => {
-				var has_sign = switch (utf8[0]) {
-					'-', '+', ' ' => true,
-					else => false,
-				};
-
-				// "-"
-				if (has_sign and utf8.len == 1) {
-					return null;
-				}
-
-				const sign_offset = @intFromBool(has_sign);
-				var has_decimal = utf8[sign_offset] == '.';
-
-				// "-."
-				if (has_decimal and (utf8.len == 2)) {
-					return null;
-				}
-
-				var result = @as(Decimal, 0);
-				var factor = @as(Decimal, if (has_sign and utf8[0] == '-') -1 else 1);
-
-				for (utf8[sign_offset + @intFromBool(has_decimal) .. utf8.len]) |code| {
-					switch (code) {
-						'.' => {
-							if (has_decimal) {
-								return null;
-							}
-
-							has_decimal = true;
-						},
-
-						'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' => {
-							if (has_decimal) {
-								factor /= 10.0;
-							}
-
-							result = ((result * 10.0) + @as(Decimal, @floatFromInt(code - '0')));
-						},
-
-						else => return null,
-					}
-				}
-
-				return result * factor;
-			},
-
-			else => @compileError("`" ++ @typeName(Decimal) ++ "` cannot be formatted as a decimal string"),
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn print(self: DecimalFormat, writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) ?usize {
-		if (value == 0) {
-			return print_string(writer, switch (self.positive_prefix) {
-				.none => "0",
-				.plus => "+0",
-				.space => " 0",
-			});
-		}
-
-		const ValueType = @TypeOf(value);
-
-		switch (@typeInfo(ValueType)) {
-			.Int => |int| {
-				const radix = 10;
-				var buffer = [_]u8{0} ** (1 + @max(int.bits, 1));
-				var buffer_start = buffer.len - 1;
-
-				{
-					var decomposable_value = value;
-
-					while (decomposable_value != 0) : (buffer_start -= 1) {
-						buffer[buffer_start] = @intCast(@mod(decomposable_value, radix) + '0');
-						decomposable_value = @divTrunc(decomposable_value, radix);
-					}
-				}
-
-				if (int.signedness == .unsigned and value < 0) {
-					buffer[buffer_start] = '-';
-				} else {
-					switch (self.positive_prefix) {
-						.none => buffer_start += 1,
-						.plus => buffer[buffer_start] = '+',
-						.space => buffer[buffer_start] = ' ',
-					}
-				}
-
-				return print_string(writer, buffer[buffer_start ..]);
-			},
-
-			.Float => |float| {
-				var length = @as(usize, 0);
-
-				if (value < 0) {
-					length += print_string(writer, "-") orelse return null;
-				}
-
-				const Float = @TypeOf(value);
-
-				const Int = math.Int(.{
-					.bits = float.bits,
-					.signedness = .unsigned,
-				});
-
-				const integer = @as(Int, @intFromFloat(value));
-
-				length += self.print(writer, integer) orelse return null;
-				length += print_string(writer, ".") orelse return null;
-				length += self.print(writer, @as(Int, @intFromFloat((value - @as(Float, @floatFromInt(integer))) * 100))) orelse return null;
-
-				return length;
-			},
-
-			else => @compileError(unformattableMessage(ValueType)),
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-pub const HexadecimalFormat = struct {
-	delimiter: []const u8 = "",
-	positive_prefix: enum {none, plus, space} = .none,
-	casing: enum {lower, upper} = .lower,
-
-	const default = HexadecimalFormat{
-		.delimiter = "",
-		.positive_prefix = .none,
-		.casing = .lower,
-	};
-
-	pub fn print(self: HexadecimalFormat, writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) ?usize {
-		// TODO: Implement.
-		_ = self;
-		_ = writer;
-		_ = value;
-
-		unreachable;
-	}
-};
-
-pub fn alloc_formatted(allocator: io.Allocator, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) io.AllocationError![]io.Byte {
-	const formatted_len = print_formatted(io.null_writer, format, args);
-
-	debug.assert(formatted_len != null);
-
-	const allocation = try allocator.reallocate(null, formatted_len.?);
-
-	errdefer allocator.deallocate(allocation);
-
-	{
-		var fixed_buffer = io.FixedBuffer{.bytes = allocation};
-
-		debug.assert(print_formatted(fixed_buffer.as_writer(), format, args) == formatted_len);
-	}
-
-	return allocation;
-}
-
-pub fn print_string(writer: io.Writer, utf8: []const u8) ?usize {
-	return writer.invoke(utf8);
-}
-
-pub fn print_formatted(writer: io.Writer, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) ?usize {
-	var length = @as(usize, 0);
-
-	switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(args))) {
-		.Struct => |arguments_struct| {
-			comptime var arg_index = 0;
-			comptime var head = 0;
-			comptime var tail = 0;
-
-			inline while (tail < format.len) : (tail += 1) {
-				if (format[tail] == '{') {
-					if (tail > format.len) {
-						@compileError("expected an idenifier after opening `{`");
-					}
-
-					tail += 1;
-
-					switch (format[tail]) {
-						'{' => {
-							length += print_string(writer, format[head .. (tail - 1)]) orelse return null;
-							tail += 1;
-							head = tail;
-						},
-
-						'}' => {
-							if (!arguments_struct.is_tuple) {
-								@compileError("all format specifiers must be named when using a named struct");
-							}
-
-							length += print_string(writer, args[arg_index]) orelse return null;
-							arg_index += 1;
-							tail += 1;
-							head = tail;
-						},
-
-						else => {
-							if (arguments_struct.is_tuple) {
-								@compileError("format specifiers cannot be named when using a tuple struct");
-							}
-
-							length += print_string(writer, format[head .. (tail - 1)]) orelse return null;
-							head = tail;
-							tail += 1;
-
-							if (tail >= format.len) {
-								@compileError("expected closing `}` or another `{` after opening `{`");
-							}
-
-							debug.assert(tail < format.len);
-
-							inline while (format[tail] != '}') {
-								tail += 1;
-
-								debug.assert(tail < format.len);
-							}
-
-							length += print_value(writer, @field(args, format[head .. tail])) orelse return null;
-							tail += 1;
-							head = tail;
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			length += print_string(writer, format[head .. ]) orelse return null;
-		},
-
-		else => @compileError("`arguments` must be a struct type"),
-	}
-
-	return length;
-}
-
-noinline fn print_value(writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) ?usize {
-	const Value = @TypeOf(value);
-
-	return switch (@typeInfo(Value)) {
-		.Int => DecimalFormat.default.print(writer, value),
-		.Float => DecimalFormat.default.print(writer, value),
-
-		.Pointer => |pointer| switch (pointer.size) {
-			.Many, .C => HexadecimalFormat.default.print(writer, @intFromPtr(value)),
-			.One => if (pointer.child == []const u8) print_string(writer, *value) else HexadecimalFormat.default.print(writer, @intFromPtr(value)),
-			.Slice => if (pointer.child == u8) print_string(writer, value) else @compileError(unformattableMessage(Value)),
-		},
-
-		else => @compileError(unformattableMessage(Value)),
-	};
-}
-
-fn unformattableMessage(comptime Value: type) []const u8 {
-	return "type `" ++ @typeName(Value) ++ "` is not formattable with this formatter";
-}

source/ona/app.zig

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-const coral = @import("coral");
-
-const ext = @import("./ext.zig");
-
-const file = @import("./file.zig");
-
-const kym = @import("./kym.zig");
-
-pub const Manifest = struct {
-	title: [255:0]coral.io.Byte = [_:0]coral.io.Byte{0} ** 255,
-	width: u16 = 640,
-	height: u16 = 480,
-	tick_rate: f32 = 60.0,
-
-	pub fn load(self: *Manifest, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv) kym.RuntimeError!void {
-		const manifest = (try env.import(file.Path.from(&.{"app.ona"}))).pop() orelse return;
-
-		defer env.release(manifest);
-
-		const width = @as(u16, get: {
-			if (try kym.get_field(env, manifest, "width")) |ref| {
-				defer env.release(ref);
-
-				const fixed = try env.expect_fixed(ref);
-
-				if (fixed > 0 and fixed < coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(self.width)).Int)) {
-					break: get @intCast(fixed);
-				}
-			}
-
-			break: get self.width;
-		});
-
-		const height = @as(u16, get: {
-			if (try kym.get_field(env, manifest, "height")) |ref| {
-				defer env.release(ref);
-
-				const fixed = try env.expect_fixed(ref);
-
-				if (fixed > 0 and fixed < coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(self.height)).Int)) {
-					break: get @intCast(fixed);
-				}
-			}
-
-			break: get self.height;
-		});
-
-		const tick_rate = @as(f32, get: {
-			if (try kym.get_field(env, manifest, "tick_rate")) |ref| {
-				defer env.release(ref);
-
-				break: get @floatCast(try env.expect_float(ref));
-			}
-
-			break: get self.tick_rate;
-		});
-
-		if (try kym.get_field(env, manifest, "title")) |ref| {
-			defer env.release(ref);
-
-			const title_string = try env.expect_string(ref);
-			const limited_title_len = @min(title_string.len, self.title.len);
-
-			coral.io.copy(&self.title, title_string[0 .. limited_title_len]);
-			coral.io.zero(self.title[limited_title_len .. self.title.len]);
-		} else {
-			coral.io.zero(&self.title);
-		}
-
-		self.tick_rate = tick_rate;
-		self.width = width;
-		self.height = height;
-	}
-};
-
-pub fn log_info(message: []const coral.io.Byte) void {
-	ext.SDL_LogInfo(
-		ext.SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION,
-		"%.*s",
-		coral.math.clamped_cast(@typeInfo(c_int).Int, message.len),
-		message.ptr,
-	);
-}
-
-pub fn log_warn(message: []const coral.io.Byte) void {
-	ext.SDL_LogWarn(
-		ext.SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION,
-		"%.*s",
-		coral.math.clamped_cast(@typeInfo(c_int).Int, message.len),
-		message.ptr,
-	);
-}
-
-pub fn log_fail(message: []const coral.io.Byte) void {
-	ext.SDL_LogError(
-		ext.SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION,
-		"%.*s",
-		coral.math.clamped_cast(@typeInfo(c_int).Int, message.len),
-		message.ptr,
-	);
-}

source/ona/file.zig

@@ -1,194 +0,0 @@
-const coral = @import("coral");
-
-const ext = @import("./ext.zig");
-
-pub const Access = union (enum) {
-	null,
-    sandboxed_path: *const Path,
-
-	pub fn open_readable(self: Access, readable_path: Path) ?*Readable {
-		switch (self) {
-			.null => return null,
-
-			.sandboxed_path => |sandboxed_path| {
-				const path_string = sandboxed_path.joined(readable_path).get_string();
-
-				return @ptrCast(ext.SDL_RWFromFile(path_string.ptr, "rb"));
-			},
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn query(self: Access, path: Path) ?Info {
-		switch (self) {
-			.null => return null,
-
-			.sandboxed_path => |sandboxed_path| {
-				const path_string = sandboxed_path.joined(path).get_string();
-				const rw_ops = ext.SDL_RWFromFile(path_string, "rb") orelse return null;
-				const file_size = ext.SDL_RWseek(rw_ops, 0, ext.RW_SEEK_END);
-
-				if (ext.SDL_RWclose(rw_ops) != 0 or file_size < 0) {
-					return null;
-				}
-
-				return Info{
-					.size = @intCast(file_size),
-				};
-			},
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-pub const Info = struct {
-	size: u64,
-};
-
-pub const Path = extern struct {
-	data: [4096]coral.io.Byte = [_]coral.io.Byte{0} ** 4096,
-
-	pub const cwd = Path.from(&.{"./"});
-
-	pub fn from(components: []const []const u8) Path {
-		// TODO: Implement proper parsing / removal of duplicate path delimiters.
-		var path = Path{};
-
-		{
-			var writable_slice = coral.io.FixedBuffer{.bytes = &path.data};
-
-			for (components) |component| {
-				if (writable_slice.write(component) != component.len) {
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return path;
-	}
-
-	pub fn joined(self: Path, other: Path) Path {
-		var path = Path{};
-
-		{
-			var writable = coral.io.FixedBuffer{.bytes = &path.data};
-			var written = @as(usize, 0);
-
-			for (&self.data) |byte| {
-				if ((byte == 0) or !(writable.put(byte))) {
-					break;
-				}
-
-				written += 1;
-			}
-
-			if ((written > 0) and (path.data[written - 1] != '/') and writable.put('/')) {
-				written += 1;
-			}
-
-			for (&other.data) |byte| {
-				if ((byte == 0) or !(writable.put(byte))) {
-					break;
-				}
-
-				written += 1;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return path;
-	}
-
-	pub fn get_string(self: Path) [:0]const coral.io.Byte {
-		coral.debug.assert(self.data[self.data.len - 1] == 0);
-
-		return coral.io.slice_sentineled(@as(coral.io.Byte, 0), @as([*:0]const coral.io.Byte, @ptrCast(&self.data)));
-	}
-};
-
-pub const Readable = opaque {
-	pub fn as_reader(self: *Readable) coral.io.Reader {
-		return coral.io.Reader.bind(Readable, self, read_into);
-	}
-
-	pub fn close(self: *Readable) void {
-		if (ext.SDL_RWclose(rw_ops_cast(self)) != 0) {
-			@panic("Failed to close file");
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn read_into(self: *Readable, buffer: []coral.io.Byte) ?usize {
-		ext.SDL_ClearError();
-
-		const bytes_read = ext.SDL_RWread(rw_ops_cast(self), buffer.ptr, @sizeOf(coral.io.Byte), buffer.len);
-		const error_message = ext.SDL_GetError();
-
-		if (bytes_read == 0 and error_message != null and error_message.* != 0) {
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		return bytes_read;
-	}
-
-	pub fn seek_head(self: *Readable, cursor: u64) ?u64 {
-		// TODO: Fix safety of int cast.
-		const byte_offset = ext.SDL_RWseek(rw_ops_cast(self), @intCast(cursor), ext.RW_SEEK_SET);
-
-		if (byte_offset < 0) {
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		return @intCast(byte_offset);
-	}
-
-	pub fn seek_tail(self: *Readable) ?usize {
-		const byte_offset = ext.SDL_RWseek(rw_ops_cast(self), 0, ext.RW_SEEK_END);
-
-		if (byte_offset < 0) {
-			return error.FileUnavailable;
-		}
-
-		return @intCast(byte_offset);
-	}
-
-	pub fn skip(self: *Readable, offset: i64) ?u64 {
-		const byte_offset = ext.SDL_RWseek(rw_ops_cast(self), offset, ext.RW_SEEK_CUR);
-
-		if (byte_offset < 0) {
-			return error.FileUnavailable;
-		}
-
-		return @intCast(byte_offset);
-	}
-};
-
-pub fn allocate_and_load(allocator: coral.io.Allocator, access: Access, path: Path) coral.io.AllocationError!?[]coral.io.Byte {
-	const allocation = try allocator.reallocate(null, query_file_size: {
-		const info = access.query(path) orelse return null;
-
-		break: query_file_size info.size;
-	});
-
-	const readable = access.open_readable(path) orelse {
-		allocator.deallocate(allocation);
-
-		return null;
-	};
-
-	defer _ = readable.close();
-
-	const bytes_read = readable.read_into(allocation) orelse {
-		allocator.deallocate(allocation);
-
-		return null;
-	};
-
-	if (bytes_read != allocation.len) {
-		allocator.deallocate(allocation);
-
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	return allocation;
-}
-
-fn rw_ops_cast(ptr: *anyopaque) *ext.SDL_RWops {
-	return @ptrCast(@alignCast(ptr));
-}

source/ona/gfx.zig

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-
-pub const lina = @import("./gfx/lina.zig");

source/ona/gfx/lina.zig

@@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
-
-pub const Vector2 = struct {
-	x: f32,
-	y: f32,
-
-	pub const Scalars = [2]f32;
-
-	pub fn equals(self: Vector2, vector: Vector2) bool {
-		return self.x == vector.x and self.y == vector.y;
-	}
-
-	pub fn from_scalar(scalar: f32) Vector2 {
-		return .{
-			.x = scalar,
-			.y = scalar,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn from_scalars(scalars: Scalars) Vector2 {
-		return .{
-			.x = scalars[0],
-			.y = scalars[1],
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn scalar_added(self: Vector2, scalar: f32) Vector2 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x + scalar,
-			.y = self.y + scalar,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn scalar_divided(self: Vector2, scalar: f32) Vector2 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x / scalar,
-			.y = self.y / scalar,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn scalar_multiplied(self: Vector2, scalar: f32) Vector2 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x * scalar,
-			.y = self.y * scalar,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn to_scalars(self: Vector2) Scalars {
-		return .{self.x, self.y};
-	}
-
-	pub fn scalar_subtracted(self: Vector2, scalar: f32) Vector2 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x - scalar,
-			.y = self.y - scalar,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn vector_added(self: Vector2, vector: Vector2) Vector2 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x + vector.x,
-			.y = self.y + vector.y,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn vector_divided(self: Vector2, vector: Vector2) Vector2 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x / vector.x,
-			.y = self.y / vector.y,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn vector_multiplied(self: Vector2, vector: Vector2) Vector2 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x * vector.x,
-			.y = self.y * vector.y,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn vector_subtracted(self: Vector2, vector: Vector2) Vector2 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x - vector.x,
-			.y = self.y - vector.y,
-		};
-	}
-};
-
-pub const Vector3 = struct {
-	x: f32,
-	y: f32,
-	z: f32,
-
-	pub const Scalars = [3]f32;
-
-	pub fn equals(self: Vector3, vector: Vector3) bool {
-		return self.x == vector.x and self.y == vector.y and self.z == vector.z;
-	}
-
-	pub fn from_scalar(scalar: f32) Vector3 {
-		return .{
-			.x = scalar,
-			.y = scalar,
-			.z = scalar,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn from_scalars(scalars: Scalars) Vector3 {
-		return .{
-			.x = scalars[0],
-			.y = scalars[1],
-			.z = scalars[2],
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn scalar_added(self: Vector3, scalar: f32) Vector3 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x + scalar,
-			.y = self.y + scalar,
-			.z = self.z + scalar,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn scalar_divided(self: Vector3, scalar: f32) Vector3 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x / scalar,
-			.y = self.y / scalar,
-			.z = self.z / scalar,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn scalar_multiplied(self: Vector3, scalar: f32) Vector3 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x * scalar,
-			.y = self.y * scalar,
-			.z = self.z * scalar,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn scalar_subtracted(self: Vector3, scalar: f32) Vector3 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x - scalar,
-			.y = self.y - scalar,
-			.z = self.z - scalar,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn to_scalars(self: Vector3) Scalars {
-		return .{self.x, self.y, self.z};
-	}
-
-	pub fn vector_added(self: Vector3, other: Vector3) Vector3 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x + other.x,
-			.y = self.y + other.y,
-			.z = self.z + other.z,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn vector_divided(self: Vector3, other: Vector3) Vector3 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x / other.x,
-			.y = self.y / other.y,
-			.z = self.z / other.z,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn vector_multiplied(self: Vector3, other: Vector3) Vector3 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x * other.x,
-			.y = self.y * other.y,
-			.z = self.z * other.z,
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn vector_subtracted(self: Vector3, other: Vector3) Vector3 {
-		return .{
-			.x = self.x - other.x,
-			.y = self.y - other.y,
-			.z = self.z - other.z,
-		};
-	}
-};

source/ona/heap.zig

@@ -1,171 +0,0 @@
-const builtin = @import("builtin");
-
-const coral = @import("coral");
-
-const ext = @import("./ext.zig");
-
-const std = @import("std");
-
-const AllocationNode = struct {
-	trace: std.debug.ConfigurableTrace(2, 4, switch (builtin.mode) {
-		.Debug, .ReleaseSafe => true,
-		.ReleaseFast, .ReleaseSmall => false,
-	}),
-
-	next: ?*AllocationNode,
-	size: usize,
-
-	fn alloc(size: usize, return_address: usize) *AllocationNode {
-		const node = @as(*AllocationNode, @ptrCast(@alignCast(ext.SDL_malloc(@sizeOf(AllocationNode) + size))));
-
-		node.* = .{
-			.size = size,
-			.next = null,
-			.trace = .{},
-		};
-
-		node.trace.addAddr(return_address, "");
-
-		return node;
-	}
-
-	fn dealloc(self: *AllocationNode) void {
-		ext.SDL_free(self);
-	}
-
-	fn realloc(self: *AllocationNode, size: usize, return_address: usize) *AllocationNode {
-		const node = @as(*AllocationNode, @ptrCast(@alignCast(ext.SDL_realloc(self, @sizeOf(AllocationNode) + size))));
-
-		node.* = .{
-			.size = size,
-			.next = null,
-			.trace = .{},
-		};
-
-		node.trace.addAddr(return_address, "");
-
-		return node;
-	}
-
-	fn owns_userdata(self: *AllocationNode, other_userdata: []const coral.io.Byte) bool {
-		const self_userdata = self.userdata();
-
-		return self_userdata.ptr == other_userdata.ptr and self_userdata.len == other_userdata.len;
-	}
-
-	fn userdata(self: *AllocationNode) []coral.io.Byte {
-		return @as([*]coral.io.Byte, @ptrFromInt(@intFromPtr(self) + @sizeOf(AllocationNode)))[0 .. self.size];
-	}
-};
-
-const Context = struct {
-	head: ?*AllocationNode = null,
-
-	fn deallocate(_: *Context, allocation: []coral.io.Byte) void {
-		// switch (builtin.mode) {
-		// 	.Debug, .ReleaseSafe => {
-		// 		const panic_message = "incorrect allocation address for deallocating";
-		// 		var current_node = self.head orelse @panic(panic_message);
-
-		// 		if (current_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
-		// 			self.head = current_node.next;
-
-		// 			return current_node.dealloc();
-		// 		}
-
-		// 		while (true) {
-		// 			const next_node = current_node.next orelse @panic(panic_message);
-
-		// 			if (next_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
-		// 				current_node.next = next_node.next;
-
-		// 				return next_node.dealloc();
-		// 			}
-
-		// 			current_node = next_node;
-		// 		}
-		// 	},
-
-			// .ReleaseFast, .ReleaseSmall => {
-				ext.SDL_free(allocation.ptr);
-			// },
-		// }
-	}
-
-	fn reallocate(_: *Context, _: usize, existing_allocation: ?[]coral.io.Byte, size: usize) coral.io.AllocationError![]coral.io.Byte {
-		// switch (builtin.mode) {
-		// 	.Debug, .ReleaseSafe => {
-		// 		if (existing_allocation) |allocation| {
-		// 			const panic_message = "incorrect allocation address for reallocating";
-		// 			var current_node = self.head orelse @panic(panic_message);
-
-		// 			if (current_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
-		// 				const node = current_node.realloc(size, return_address);
-
-		// 				self.head = node;
-
-		// 				return node.userdata();
-		// 			}
-
-		// 			while (true) {
-		// 				const next_node = current_node.next orelse @panic(panic_message);
-
-		// 				if (next_node.owns_userdata(allocation)) {
-		// 					const node = next_node.realloc(size, return_address);
-
-		// 					current_node.next = node;
-
-		// 					return node.userdata();
-		// 				}
-
-		// 				current_node = next_node;
-		// 			}
-		// 		} else {
-		// 			const node = AllocationNode.alloc(size, return_address);
-
-		// 			if (self.head) |head| {
-		// 				node.next = head;
-		// 			}
-
-		// 			self.head = node;
-
-		// 			return node.userdata();
-		// 		}
-		// 	},
-
-		// 	.ReleaseFast, .ReleaseSmall => {
-				if (existing_allocation) |allocation | {
-					return @as([*]coral.io.Byte, @ptrCast(ext.SDL_realloc(allocation.ptr, size) orelse return error.OutOfMemory))[0 .. size];
-				}
-
-				return @as([*]u8, @ptrCast(ext.SDL_malloc(size) orelse return error.OutOfMemory))[0 .. size];
-		// 	},
-		// }
-	}
-};
-
-var context = Context{};
-
-pub const allocator = coral.io.Allocator.bind(Context, &context, .{
-	.reallocate = Context.reallocate,
-	.deallocate = Context.deallocate,
-});
-
-pub fn trace_leaks() void {
-	switch (builtin.mode) {
-		.Debug, .ReleaseSafe => {
-			var current_node = context.head;
-
-			while (current_node) |node| : (current_node = node.next) {
-				std.debug.print("{d} byte leak at 0x{x} detected", .{
-					node.size,
-					@intFromPtr(node) + @sizeOf(AllocationNode),
-				});
-
-				node.trace.dump();
-			}
-		},
-
-		.ReleaseFast, .ReleaseSmall => {},
-	}
-}

source/ona/kym/Table.zig

@@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
-const coral = @import("coral");
-
-const kym = @import("../kym.zig");
-
-associative: RefTable,
-contiguous: RefList,
-
-const RefList = coral.list.Stack(?*kym.RuntimeObj);
-
-const RefTable = coral.map.Table(*kym.RuntimeObj, *kym.RuntimeObj, struct {
-	pub const hash = kym.RuntimeObj.hash;
-
-	pub const equals = kym.RuntimeObj.equals;
-});
-
-const Self = @This();
-
-pub fn deinit(self: *Self, env: *kym.RuntimeEnv) void {
-	{
-		var field_iterable = self.associative.as_iterable();
-
-		while (field_iterable.next()) |entry| {
-			env.release(entry.key);
-			env.release(entry.value);
-		}
-	}
-
-	self.associative.deinit();
-
-	while (self.contiguous.pop()) |value| {
-		if (value) |ref| {
-			env.release(ref);
-		}
-	}
-
-	self.contiguous.deinit();
-}
-
-pub fn init(env: *kym.RuntimeEnv) Self {
-	return .{
-		.associative = RefTable.init(env.allocator, .{}),
-		.contiguous = RefList.init(env.allocator),
-	};
-}
-
-pub const typeinfo = &kym.Typeinfo{
-	.size = @sizeOf(Self),
-	.name = "table",
-	.destruct = typeinfo_destruct,
-	.get = typeinfo_get,
-	.set = typeinfo_set,
-};
-
-fn typeinfo_destruct(context: kym.Typeinfo.DestructContext) void {
-	@as(*Self, @ptrCast(@alignCast(context.userdata))).deinit(context.env);
-}
-
-fn typeinfo_get(context: kym.Typeinfo.GetContext) kym.RuntimeError!?*kym.RuntimeObj {
-	const table = @as(*Self, @ptrCast(@alignCast(context.userdata)));
-	const index = (try context.push_index()).pop().?;
-
-	defer context.env.release(index);
-
-	if (index.is_fixed()) |fixed| {
-		if (fixed < 0) {
-			// TODO: Negative indexing.
-			unreachable;
-		}
-
-		if (fixed < table.contiguous.values.len) {
-			return table.contiguous.values[@intCast(fixed)];
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (table.associative.lookup(index)) |value| {
-		return value;
-	}
-
-	return null;
-}
-
-fn typeinfo_set(context: kym.Typeinfo.SetContext) kym.RuntimeError!void {
-	const table = @as(*Self, @ptrCast(@alignCast(context.userdata)));
-	const index = (try context.push_index()).pop().?;
-
-	errdefer context.env.release(index);
-
-	if (index.is_fixed()) |fixed| {
-		if (fixed < 0) {
-			// TODO: Negative indexing.
-			unreachable;
-		}
-
-		if (fixed < table.contiguous.values.len) {
-			const maybe_replacing = &table.contiguous.values[@intCast(fixed)];
-
-			if (maybe_replacing.*) |replacing| {
-				context.env.release(replacing);
-			}
-
-			if ((try context.push_value()).pop()) |value| {
-				errdefer context.env.release(value);
-
-				maybe_replacing.* = value;
-			} else {
-				maybe_replacing.* = null;
-			}
-
-			return;
-		}
-	}
-
-	const value = (try context.push_value()).pop() orelse {
-		if (table.associative.remove(index)) |removed| {
-			context.env.release(removed.key);
-			context.env.release(removed.value);
-		}
-
-		return;
-	};
-
-	errdefer context.env.release(value);
-
-	if (try table.associative.replace(index, value)) |replaced| {
-		context.env.release(replaced.key);
-		context.env.release(replaced.value);
-	}
-}

source/ona/kym/tokens.zig

@@ -1,515 +0,0 @@
-const coral = @import("coral");
-
-pub const Line = struct {
-	number: u32,
-};
-
-pub const Token = union(enum) {
-	end,
-	unknown: coral.io.Byte,
-	newline,
-	identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	builtin: []const coral.io.Byte,
-
-	symbol_plus,
-	symbol_minus,
-	symbol_asterisk,
-	symbol_forward_slash,
-	symbol_paren_left,
-	symbol_paren_right,
-	symbol_bang,
-	symbol_comma,
-	symbol_at,
-	symbol_brace_left,
-	symbol_brace_right,
-	symbol_bracket_left,
-	symbol_bracket_right,
-	symbol_period,
-	symbol_colon,
-	symbol_less_than,
-	symbol_less_equals,
-	symbol_greater_than,
-	symbol_greater_equals,
-	symbol_equals,
-	symbol_double_equals,
-
-	number: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	string: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	template_string: []const coral.io.Byte,
-
-	keyword_nil,
-	keyword_false,
-	keyword_true,
-	keyword_return,
-	keyword_self,
-	keyword_const,
-	keyword_if,
-	keyword_do,
-	keyword_end,
-	keyword_while,
-	keyword_else,
-	keyword_elif,
-	keyword_var,
-	keyword_let,
-	keyword_lambda,
-
-	pub fn text(self: Token) []const coral.io.Byte {
-		return switch (self) {
-			.end => "end",
-			.unknown => |unknown| @as([*]const coral.io.Byte, @ptrCast(&unknown))[0 .. 1],
-			.newline => "newline",
-
-			.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
-			.builtin => |identifier| identifier,
-
-			.symbol_plus => "+",
-			.symbol_minus => "-",
-			.symbol_asterisk => "*",
-			.symbol_forward_slash => "/",
-			.symbol_paren_left => "(",
-			.symbol_paren_right => ")",
-			.symbol_bang => "!",
-			.symbol_comma => ",",
-			.symbol_at => "@",
-			.symbol_brace_left => "{",
-			.symbol_brace_right => "}",
-			.symbol_bracket_left => "[",
-			.symbol_bracket_right => "]",
-			.symbol_period => ".",
-			.symbol_colon => ":",
-			.symbol_less_than => "<",
-			.symbol_less_equals => "<=",
-			.symbol_greater_than => ">",
-			.symbol_greater_equals => ">=",
-			.symbol_equals => "=",
-			.symbol_double_equals => "==",
-
-			.number => |literal| literal,
-			.string => |literal| literal,
-			.template_string => |literal| literal,
-
-			.keyword_const => "const",
-			.keyword_nil => "nil",
-			.keyword_false => "false",
-			.keyword_true => "true",
-			.keyword_return => "return",
-			.keyword_self => "self",
-			.keyword_if => "if",
-			.keyword_do => "do",
-			.keyword_end => "end",
-			.keyword_while => "while",
-			.keyword_elif => "elif",
-			.keyword_else => "else",
-			.keyword_var => "var",
-			.keyword_let => "let",
-			.keyword_lambda => "lambda",
-		};
-	}
-};
-
-pub const Stream = struct {
-	source: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	line: Line = .{.number = 1},
-	token: Token = .newline,
-
-	pub fn skip_newlines(self: *Stream) void {
-		self.step();
-
-		while (self.token == .newline) {
-			self.step();
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn step(self: *Stream) void {
-		var cursor = @as(usize, 0);
-
-		defer self.source = self.source[cursor ..];
-
-		while (cursor < self.source.len) {
-			switch (self.source[cursor]) {
-				'#' => {
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					while (cursor < self.source.len and self.source[cursor] != '\n') {
-						cursor += 1;
-					}
-				},
-
-				' ', '\t' => cursor += 1,
-
-				'\n' => {
-					cursor += 1;
-					self.token = .newline;
-					self.line.number += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'0' ... '9' => {
-					const begin = cursor;
-
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					while (cursor < self.source.len) switch (self.source[cursor]) {
-						'0' ... '9' => cursor += 1,
-
-						'.' => {
-							cursor += 1;
-
-							while (cursor < self.source.len) switch (self.source[cursor]) {
-								'0' ... '9' => cursor += 1,
-								else => break,
-							};
-
-							self.token = .{.number = self.source[begin .. cursor]};
-
-							return;
-						},
-
-						else => break,
-					};
-
-					self.token = .{.number = self.source[begin .. cursor]};
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'A' ... 'Z', 'a' ... 'z', '_' => {
-					const begin = cursor;
-
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					while (cursor < self.source.len) switch (self.source[cursor]) {
-						'0'...'9', 'A'...'Z', 'a'...'z', '_' => cursor += 1,
-						else => break,
-					};
-
-					const identifier = self.source[begin .. cursor];
-
-					coral.debug.assert(identifier.len != 0);
-
-					switch (identifier[0]) {
-						'c' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "onst")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_const;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						'd' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "o")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_do;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						'e' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "lse")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_else;
-
-								return;
-							}
-
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "lif")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_elif;
-
-								return;
-							}
-
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "nd")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_end;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						'f' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "alse")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_false;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						'i' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "f")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_if;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						'l' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "ambda")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_lambda;
-
-								return;
-							}
-
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "et")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_let;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						'n' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "il")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_nil;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						'r' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "eturn")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_return;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						's' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "elf")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_self;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						't' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "rue")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_true;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						'v' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "ar")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_var;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						'w' => {
-							if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier[1 ..], "hile")) {
-								self.token = .keyword_while;
-
-								return;
-							}
-						},
-
-						else => {},
-					}
-
-					self.token = .{.identifier = identifier};
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'`' => {
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					const begin = cursor;
-
-					while (cursor < self.source.len) switch (self.source[cursor]) {
-						'`' => break,
-						else => cursor += 1,
-					};
-
-					self.token = .{.template_string = self.source[begin .. cursor]};
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'"' => {
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					const begin = cursor;
-
-					while (cursor < self.source.len) switch (self.source[cursor]) {
-						'"' => break,
-						else => cursor += 1,
-					};
-
-					self.token = .{.string = self.source[begin .. cursor]};
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'{' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_brace_left;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'}' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_brace_right;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'[' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_bracket_left;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				']' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_bracket_right;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				',' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_comma;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'!' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_bang;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				')' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_paren_right;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'(' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_paren_left;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'/' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_forward_slash;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'*' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_asterisk;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'-' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_minus;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'+' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_plus;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				':' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_colon;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'=' => {
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					if (cursor < self.source.len) {
-						switch (self.source[cursor]) {
-							'=' => {
-								cursor += 1;
-								self.token = .symbol_double_equals;
-
-								return;
-							},
-
-							else => {},
-						}
-					}
-
-					self.token = .symbol_equals;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'<' => {
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					if (cursor < self.source.len and (self.source[cursor] == '=')) {
-						cursor += 1;
-						self.token = .symbol_less_equals;
-
-						return;
-					}
-
-					self.token = .symbol_less_than;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'>' => {
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					if (cursor < self.source.len and (self.source[cursor] == '=')) {
-						cursor += 1;
-						self.token = .symbol_greater_equals;
-
-						return;
-					}
-
-					self.token = .symbol_greater_than;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'.' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_period;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				'@' => {
-					self.token = .symbol_at;
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-
-				else => {
-					self.token = .{.unknown = self.source[cursor]};
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					return;
-				},
-			}
-		}
-
-		self.token = .end;
-
-		return;
-	}
-};

source/ona/kym/tree.zig

@@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-pub const Expr = @import("./tree/Expr.zig");
-
-pub const Stmt = @import("./tree/Stmt.zig");
-
-const coral = @import("coral");
-
-const tokens = @import("./tokens.zig");
-
-pub const Declaration = struct {
-	identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
-
-	is: packed struct {
-		readonly: bool = false,
-		captured: bool = false,
-	} = .{},
-};
-
-pub const Environment = struct {
-	captures: [capture_max]Capture = [_]Capture{.{.declaration_index = 0}} ** capture_max,
-	capture_count: u8 = 0,
-	declarations: [declaration_max]Declaration = [_]Declaration{.{.identifier = ""}} ** declaration_max,
-	declaration_count: u8 = 0,
-	argument_count: u8 = 0,
-	statement: ?*const Stmt = null,
-	enclosing: ?*Environment = null,
-
-	pub const Capture = union (enum) {
-		declaration_index: u8,
-		capture_index: u8,
-	};
-
-	pub const DeclareError = coral.io.AllocationError || error {
-		DeclarationExists,
-	};
-
-	const capture_max = coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u8).Int);
-
-	const declaration_max = coral.math.max_int(@typeInfo(u8).Int);
-
-	pub fn create_enclosed(self: *Environment, root: *Root) coral.io.AllocationError!*Environment {
-		return coral.io.allocate_one(root.arena.as_allocator(), Environment{
-			.enclosing = self,
-		});
-	}
-
-	fn declare(self: *Environment, declaration: Declaration) DeclareError!*const Declaration {
-		if (self.declaration_count == self.declarations.len) {
-			return error.OutOfMemory;
-		}
-
-		{
-			var environment = self;
-
-			while (true) {
-				var remaining_count = environment.declaration_count;
-
-				while (remaining_count != 0) {
-					remaining_count -= 1;
-
-					if (coral.io.are_equal(environment.declarations[remaining_count].identifier, declaration.identifier)) {
-						return error.DeclarationExists;
-					}
-				}
-
-				environment = environment.enclosing orelse break;
-			}
-		}
-
-		const declaration_slot = &self.declarations[self.declaration_count];
-
-		declaration_slot.* = declaration;
-		self.declaration_count += 1;
-
-		return declaration_slot;
-	}
-
-	pub fn declare_argument(self: *Environment, identifier: []const coral.io.Byte) DeclareError!*const Declaration {
-		coral.debug.assert(self.declaration_count <= self.argument_count);
-
-		defer self.argument_count += 1;
-
-		return self.declare(.{
-			.identifier = identifier,
-			.is = .{.readonly = true},
-		});
-	}
-
-	pub fn declare_constant(self: *Environment, identifier: []const coral.io.Byte) DeclareError!*const Declaration {
-		return self.declare(.{
-			.identifier = identifier,
-			.is = .{.readonly = true},
-		});
-	}
-
-	pub fn declare_variable(self: *Environment, identifier: []const coral.io.Byte) DeclareError!*const Declaration {
-		return self.declare(.{.identifier = identifier});
-	}
-
-	pub fn resolve_declaration(self: *Environment, identifier: []const coral.io.Byte) coral.io.AllocationError!?*const Declaration {
-		var environment = self;
-		var ancestry = @as(u32, 0);
-
-		while (true) : (ancestry += 1) {
-			var remaining_count = environment.declaration_count;
-
-			while (remaining_count != 0) {
-				remaining_count -= 1;
-
-				const declaration = &environment.declarations[remaining_count];
-
-				if (coral.io.are_equal(declaration.identifier, identifier)) {
-					if (ancestry != 0) {
-						declaration.is.captured = true;
-						environment = self;
-						ancestry -= 1;
-
-						while (ancestry != 0) : (ancestry -= 1) {
-							if (environment.capture_count == environment.captures.len) {
-								return error.OutOfMemory;
-							}
-
-							coral.debug.assert(environment.enclosing != null);
-
-							const enclosing_environment = environment.enclosing.?;
-
-							environment.captures[environment.capture_count] = .{
-								.capture_index = enclosing_environment.capture_count
-							};
-
-							environment.capture_count += 1;
-							environment = enclosing_environment;
-						}
-
-						environment.captures[environment.capture_count] = .{.declaration_index = remaining_count};
-						environment.capture_count += 1;
-					}
-
-					return declaration;
-				}
-			}
-
-			environment = environment.enclosing orelse return null;
-		}
-	}
-
-	pub fn get_captures(self: *const Environment) []const Capture {
-		return self.captures[0 .. self.capture_count];
-	}
-
-	pub fn get_declarations(self: *const Environment) []const Declaration {
-		return self.declarations[0 .. self.declaration_count];
-	}
-};
-
-pub const ParseError = coral.io.AllocationError || error {
-	BadSyntax,
-};
-
-pub const Root = struct {
-	arena: coral.arena.Stacking,
-	environment: Environment,
-	error_messages: MessageList,
-
-	const MessageList = coral.list.Stack([]coral.io.Byte);
-
-	pub fn report_error(self: *Root, line: tokens.Line, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) ParseError {
-		const allocator = self.arena.as_allocator();
-
-		try self.error_messages.push_one(try coral.utf8.alloc_formatted(allocator, "{line_number}: {message}", .{
-			.message = try coral.utf8.alloc_formatted(allocator, format, args),
-			.line_number = line.number,
-		}));
-
-		return error.BadSyntax;
-	}
-
-	pub fn report_declare_error(self: *Root, line: tokens.Line, identifier: []const coral.io.Byte, @"error": Environment.DeclareError) ParseError {
-		return switch (@"error") {
-			error.OutOfMemory => error.OutOfMemory,
-
-			error.DeclarationExists => self.report_error(line, "declaration `{identifier}` already exists", .{
-				.identifier = identifier,
-			}),
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn create_expr(self: *Root, expr: Expr) coral.io.AllocationError!*Expr {
-		return coral.io.allocate_one(self.arena.as_allocator(), expr);
-	}
-
-	pub fn create_stmt(self: *Root, stmt: Stmt) coral.io.AllocationError!*Stmt {
-		return coral.io.allocate_one(self.arena.as_allocator(), stmt);
-	}
-
-	pub fn deinit(self: *Root) void {
-		self.error_messages.deinit();
-		self.arena.deinit();
-	}
-
-	pub fn init(allocator: coral.io.Allocator) coral.io.AllocationError!Root {
-		const arena_page_size = 4096;
-
-		return .{
-			.arena = coral.arena.Stacking.init(allocator, arena_page_size),
-			.error_messages = MessageList.init(allocator),
-			.environment = .{},
-		};
-	}
-
-	pub fn parse(self: *Root, stream: *tokens.Stream) ParseError!void {
-		stream.skip_newlines();
-
-		const first_statement = try Stmt.parse(self, stream, &self.environment);
-		var current_statement = first_statement;
-
-		while (stream.token != .end) {
-			const next_statement = try Stmt.parse(self, stream, &self.environment);
-
-			current_statement.next = next_statement;
-			current_statement = next_statement;
-		}
-
-		self.environment.statement = first_statement;
-	}
-};
-

source/ona/kym/tree/Expr.zig

@@ -1,789 +0,0 @@
-const Stmt = @import("./Stmt.zig");
-
-const coral = @import("coral");
-
-const tokens = @import("../tokens.zig");
-
-const tree = @import("../tree.zig");
-
-next: ?*const Self = null,
-line: tokens.Line,
-
-kind: union (enum) {
-	nil_literal,
-	true_literal,
-	false_literal,
-	number_literal: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	string_literal: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	string_template,
-	symbol_literal: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	table_construct: TableConstruct,
-	key_value: KeyValue,
-	group: *Self,
-	lambda_construct: LambdaConstruct,
-	declaration_get: DeclarationGet,
-	declaration_set: DeclarationSet,
-	field_get: FieldGet,
-	field_set: FieldSet,
-	subscript_get: SubscriptGet,
-	subscript_set: SubscriptSet,
-	binary_op: BinaryOp,
-	unary_op: UnaryOp,
-	invoke: Invoke,
-	import_builtin,
-	print_builtin,
-	vec2_builtin,
-	vec3_builtin,
-},
-
-pub const BinaryOp = struct {
-	rhs_operand: *Self,
-	lhs_operand: *Self,
-	operation: Operation,
-
-	pub const Operation = enum {
-		addition,
-		subtraction,
-		multiplication,
-		divsion,
-		equals_comparison,
-		greater_than_comparison,
-		greater_equals_comparison,
-		less_than_comparison,
-		less_equals_comparison,
-	};
-
-	fn parser(comptime parse_next: Parser, comptime operations: []const BinaryOp.Operation) Parser {
-		const BinaryOpParser = struct {
-			fn parse(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
-				var expression = try parse_next(root, stream, environment);
-
-				inline for (operations) |operation| {
-					const token = comptime @as(tokens.Token, switch (operation) {
-						.addition => .symbol_plus,
-						.subtraction => .symbol_minus,
-						.multiplication => .symbol_asterisk,
-						.divsion => .symbol_forward_slash,
-						.equals_comparison => .symbol_double_equals,
-						.greater_than_comparison => .symbol_greater_than,
-						.greater_equals_comparison => .symbol_greater_equals,
-						.less_than_comparison => .symbol_less_than,
-						.less_equals_comparison => .symbol_less_equals,
-					});
-
-					if (stream.token == coral.io.tag_of(token)) {
-						stream.step();
-
-						if (stream.token == .end) {
-							return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected other half of expression after `" ++ comptime token.text() ++ "`", .{});
-						}
-
-						// TODO: Remove once Zig has fixed struct self-reassignment.
-						const unnecessary_temp = expression;
-
-						expression = try root.create_expr(.{
-							.line = stream.line,
-
-							.kind = .{
-								.binary_op = .{
-									.rhs_operand = try parse_next(root, stream, environment),
-									.operation = operation,
-									.lhs_operand = unnecessary_temp,
-								},
-							},
-						});
-					}
-				}
-
-				return expression;
-			}
-		};
-
-		return BinaryOpParser.parse;
-	}
-};
-
-pub const DeclarationGet = struct {
-	declaration: *const tree.Declaration,
-};
-
-pub const DeclarationSet = struct {
-	declaration: *const tree.Declaration,
-	assign: *const Self,
-};
-
-pub const FieldGet = struct {
-	identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	object: *const Self,
-};
-
-pub const FieldSet = struct {
-	identifier: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	object: *const Self,
-	assign: *const Self,
-};
-
-pub const Invoke = struct {
-	argument: ?*const Self,
-	object: *const Self,
-};
-
-pub const KeyValue = struct {
-	key: *const Self,
-	value: *const Self,
-};
-
-pub const LambdaConstruct = struct {
-	environment: *const tree.Environment,
-};
-
-const Parser = fn (root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self;
-
-const Self = @This();
-
-pub const SubscriptGet = struct {
-	index: *const Self,
-	object: *const Self,
-};
-
-pub const SubscriptSet = struct {
-	index: *const Self,
-	object: *const Self,
-	assign: *const Self,
-};
-
-pub const TableConstruct = struct {
-	entry: ?*const Self,
-};
-
-const TemplateToken = union (enum) {
-	invalid: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	literal: []const coral.io.Byte,
-	expression: []const coral.io.Byte,
-
-	fn extract(source: *[]const coral.io.Byte) ?TemplateToken {
-		var cursor = @as(usize, 0);
-
-		defer source.* = source.*[cursor ..];
-
-		while (cursor < source.len) {
-			switch (source.*[cursor]) {
-				'{' => {
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					while (true) : (cursor += 1) {
-						if (cursor == source.len) {
-							return .{.invalid = source.*[0 .. cursor]};
-						}
-
-						if (source.*[cursor] == '}') {
-							const token = TemplateToken{.expression = source.*[1 .. cursor]};
-
-							cursor += 1;
-
-							return token;
-						}
-					}
-				},
-
-				else => {
-					cursor += 1;
-
-					while (true) : (cursor += 1) {
-						if (cursor == source.len) {
-							return .{.literal = source.*[0 .. cursor]};
-						}
-
-						if (source.*[cursor] == '{') {
-							const cursor_next = cursor + 1;
-
-							if (cursor_next == source.len) {
-								return .{.invalid = source.*[0 .. cursor]};
-							}
-
-							if (source.*[cursor_next] == '{') {
-								cursor = cursor_next;
-
-								return .{.literal = source.*[0 .. cursor]};
-							}
-
-							return .{.literal = source.*[0 .. cursor]};
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return null;
-	}
-};
-
-pub const UnaryOp = struct {
-	operand: *Self,
-	operation: Operation,
-
-	pub const Operation = enum {
-		numeric_negation,
-		boolean_negation,
-	};
-};
-
-pub fn parse(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
-	const expression = try parse_additive(root, stream, environment);
-
-	if (stream.token == .symbol_equals) {
-		stream.skip_newlines();
-
-		if (stream.token == .end) {
-			return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected assignment after `=`", .{});
-		}
-
-		return root.create_expr(.{
-			.line = stream.line,
-
-			.kind = switch (expression.kind) {
-				.declaration_get => |declaration_get| convert: {
-					if (declaration_get.declaration.is.readonly) {
-						return root.report_error(stream.line, "readonly declarations cannot be re-assigned", .{});
-					}
-
-					break: convert .{
-						.declaration_set = .{
-							.assign = try parse(root, stream, environment),
-							.declaration = declaration_get.declaration,
-						},
-					};
-				},
-
-				.field_get => |field_get| .{
-					.field_set = .{
-						.assign = try parse(root, stream, environment),
-						.object = field_get.object,
-						.identifier = field_get.identifier,
-					},
-				},
-
-				.subscript_get => |subscript_get| .{
-					.subscript_set = .{
-						.assign = try parse(root, stream, environment),
-						.object = subscript_get.object,
-						.index = subscript_get.index,
-					},
-				},
-
-				else => return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected local or field on left-hand side of expression", .{}),
-			},
-		});
-	}
-
-	return expression;
-}
-
-const parse_additive = BinaryOp.parser(parse_equality, &.{
-	.addition,
-	.subtraction,
-});
-
-const parse_comparison = BinaryOp.parser(parse_term, &.{
-	.greater_than_comparison,
-	.greater_equals_comparison,
-	.less_than_comparison,
-	.less_equals_comparison
-});
-
-const parse_equality = BinaryOp.parser(parse_comparison, &.{
-	.equals_comparison,
-});
-
-fn parse_factor(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
-	var expression = try parse_operand(root, stream, environment);
-
-	while (true) {
-		switch (stream.token) {
-			.symbol_period => {
-				stream.skip_newlines();
-
-				// TODO: Remove when Zig fixes miscompilation with in-place struct re-assignment.
-				const unnecessary_temp = expression;
-
-				expression = try root.create_expr(.{
-					.line = stream.line,
-
-					.kind = .{
-						.field_get = .{
-							.identifier = switch (stream.token) {
-								.identifier => |field_identifier| field_identifier,
-								else => return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected identifier after `.`", .{}),
-							},
-
-							.object = unnecessary_temp,
-						},
-					},
-				});
-
-				stream.skip_newlines();
-			},
-
-			.symbol_bracket_left => {
-				stream.skip_newlines();
-
-				// TODO: Remove when Zig fixes miscompilation with in-place struct re-assignment.
-				const unnecessary_temp = expression;
-
-				expression = try root.create_expr(.{
-					.line = stream.line,
-
-					.kind = .{
-						.subscript_get = .{
-							.index = try parse(root, stream, environment),
-							.object = unnecessary_temp,
-						},
-					},
-				});
-
-				if (stream.token != .symbol_bracket_right) {
-					return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected closing `]` on subscript", .{});
-				}
-
-				stream.skip_newlines();
-			},
-
-			.symbol_paren_left => {
-				const lines_stepped = stream.line;
-
-				stream.skip_newlines();
-
-				var first_argument = @as(?*Self, null);
-
-				if (stream.token != .symbol_paren_right) {
-					var argument = try parse(root, stream, environment);
-
-					first_argument = argument;
-
-					while (true) {
-						switch (stream.token) {
-							.symbol_comma => stream.skip_newlines(),
-							.symbol_paren_right => break,
-							else => return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected `,` or `)` after lambda argument", .{}),
-						}
-
-						const next_argument = try parse(root, stream, environment);
-
-						argument.next = next_argument;
-						argument = next_argument;
-					}
-				}
-
-				stream.skip_newlines();
-
-				// TODO: Remove when Zig fixes miscompilation with in-place struct re-assignment.
-				const unnecessary_temp = expression;
-
-				expression = try root.create_expr(.{
-					.line = lines_stepped,
-
-					.kind = .{
-						.invoke = .{
-							.argument = first_argument,
-							.object = unnecessary_temp,
-						},
-					},
-				});
-			},
-
-			else => break,
-		}
-	}
-
-	return expression;
-}
-
-fn parse_operand(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
-	switch (stream.token) {
-		.symbol_paren_left => {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			const expression = try parse(root, stream, environment);
-
-			if (stream.token != .symbol_paren_right) {
-				return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected a closing `)` after expression", .{});
-			}
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-				.kind = .{.group = expression},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.keyword_nil => {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-				.kind = .nil_literal,
-			});
-		},
-
-		.keyword_true => {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-				.kind = .true_literal,
-			});
-		},
-
-		.keyword_false => {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-				.kind = .false_literal,
-			});
-		},
-
-		.number => |value| {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-				.kind = .{.number_literal = value},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.string => |value| {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-				.kind = .{.string_literal = value},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.template_string => |value| {
-			const line = stream.line;
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return parse_template(root, value, line, environment);
-		},
-
-		.symbol_at => {
-			stream.step();
-
-			const identifier = switch (stream.token) {
-				.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
-				else => return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected identifier after `@`", .{}),
-			};
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier, "import")) {
-				return root.create_expr(.{
-					.line = stream.line,
-					.kind = .import_builtin,
-				});
-			}
-
-			if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier, "print")) {
-				return root.create_expr(.{
-					.line = stream.line,
-					.kind = .print_builtin,
-				});
-			}
-
-			if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier, "vec2")) {
-				return root.create_expr(.{
-					.line = stream.line,
-					.kind = .vec2_builtin,
-				});
-			}
-
-			if (coral.io.are_equal(identifier, "vec3")) {
-				return root.create_expr(.{
-					.line = stream.line,
-					.kind = .vec3_builtin,
-				});
-			}
-
-			return root.report_error(stream.line, "unexpected identifier after `@`", .{});
-		},
-
-		.symbol_period => {
-			stream.step();
-
-			const identifier = switch (stream.token) {
-				.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
-				else => return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected identifier after `.`", .{}),
-			};
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-				.kind = .{.symbol_literal = identifier},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.identifier => |identifier| {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-
-				.kind = .{
-					.declaration_get = .{
-						.declaration = (try environment.resolve_declaration(identifier)) orelse {
-							return root.report_error(stream.line, "undefined identifier `{identifier}`", .{
-								.identifier = identifier,
-							});
-						}
-					},
-				},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.keyword_lambda => {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			if (stream.token != .symbol_paren_left) {
-				return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected `(` after opening lambda block", .{});
-			}
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			var lambda_environment = try environment.create_enclosed(root);
-
-			while (stream.token != .symbol_paren_right) {
-				const identifier = switch (stream.token) {
-					.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
-					else => return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected identifier", .{}),
-				};
-
-				_ = lambda_environment.declare_argument(identifier) catch |declare_error| {
-					return root.report_declare_error(stream.line, identifier, declare_error);
-				};
-
-				stream.skip_newlines();
-
-				switch (stream.token) {
-					.symbol_comma => stream.skip_newlines(),
-					.symbol_paren_right => break,
-					else => return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected `,` or `)` after identifier", .{}),
-				}
-			}
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			if (stream.token != .symbol_colon) {
-				return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected `:` after closing `)` of lambda identifiers", .{});
-			}
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			if (stream.token != .keyword_end) {
-				const first_statement = try Stmt.parse(root, stream, lambda_environment);
-				var current_statement = first_statement;
-
-				while (stream.token != .keyword_end) {
-					const next_statement = try Stmt.parse(root, stream, lambda_environment);
-
-					current_statement.next = next_statement;
-					current_statement = next_statement;
-				}
-
-				lambda_environment.statement = first_statement;
-			}
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-				.kind = .{.lambda_construct = .{.environment = lambda_environment}},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.symbol_brace_left => {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			if (stream.token == .symbol_brace_right) {
-				return root.create_expr(.{
-					.line = stream.line,
-					.kind = .{.table_construct = .{.entry = null}},
-				});
-			}
-
-			const first_entry = try parse_table_entry(root, stream, environment);
-			var entry = first_entry;
-
-			while (stream.token == .symbol_comma) {
-				stream.skip_newlines();
-
-				if (stream.token == .symbol_brace_right) {
-					break;
-				}
-
-				const expression = try parse_table_entry(root, stream, environment);
-
-				entry.next = expression;
-				entry = expression;
-			}
-
-			if (stream.token != .symbol_brace_right) {
-				return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected closing `}` on table construct", .{});
-			}
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-				.kind = .{.table_construct = .{.entry = first_entry}},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.symbol_minus => {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-
-				.kind = .{
-					.unary_op = .{
-						.operand = try parse_factor(root, stream, environment),
-						.operation = .numeric_negation,
-					},
-				},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.symbol_bang => {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-
-				.kind = .{
-					.unary_op = .{
-						.operand = try parse_factor(root, stream, environment),
-						.operation = .boolean_negation,
-					},
-				},
-			});
-		},
-
-		else => return root.report_error(stream.line, "unexpected token in expression", .{}),
-	}
-}
-
-fn parse_table_entry(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
-	switch (stream.token) {
-		.symbol_period => {
-			stream.step();
-
-			const field = switch (stream.token) {
-				.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
-				else => return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected identifier in field symbol literal", .{}),
-			};
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			if (stream.token != .symbol_equals) {
-				return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected `=` after table symbol key", .{});
-			}
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-
-				.kind = .{
-					.key_value = .{
-						.value = try parse(root, stream, environment),
-
-						.key = try root.create_expr(.{
-							.line = stream.line,
-							.kind = .{.symbol_literal = field},
-						}),
-					},
-				},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.symbol_bracket_left => {
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			const key = try parse(root, stream, environment);
-
-			if (stream.token != .symbol_bracket_right)  {
-				return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected `]` after subscript index expression", .{});
-			}
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			if (stream.token != .symbol_equals) {
-				return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected `=` after table expression key", .{});
-			}
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-
-				.kind = .{
-					.key_value = .{
-						.value = try parse(root, stream, environment),
-						.key = key,
-					},
-				},
-			});
-		},
-
-		else => return parse(root, stream, environment),
-	}
-}
-
-fn parse_template(root: *tree.Root, template: []const coral.io.Byte, line: tokens.Line, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
-	const expression_head = try root.create_expr(.{
-		.line = line,
-		.kind = .string_template,
-	});
-
-	var expression_tail = expression_head;
-	var source = template;
-
-	while (TemplateToken.extract(&source)) |token| {
-		const expression = try switch (token) {
-			.invalid => |invalid| root.report_error(line, "invalid template format: `{invalid}`", .{
-				.invalid = invalid,
-			}),
-
-			.literal => |literal| root.create_expr(.{
-				.line = line,
-				.kind = .{.string_literal = literal},
-			}),
-
-			.expression => |expression| create: {
-				var stream = tokens.Stream{
-					.source = expression,
-					.line = line,
-				};
-
-				stream.step();
-
-				break: create try parse(root, &stream, environment);
-			},
-		};
-
-		expression_tail.next = expression;
-		expression_tail = expression;
-	}
-
-	return expression_head;
-}
-
-const parse_term = BinaryOp.parser(parse_factor, &.{
-	.multiplication,
-	.divsion,
-});

source/ona/kym/tree/Stmt.zig

@@ -1,242 +0,0 @@
-const Expr = @import("./Expr.zig");
-
-const coral = @import("coral");
-
-const tokens = @import("../tokens.zig");
-
-const tree = @import("../tree.zig");
-
-next: ?*const Self = null,
-line: tokens.Line,
-
-kind: union (enum) {
-	top_expression: *const Expr,
-	@"return": Return,
-	declare: Declare,
-	@"if": If,
-	@"while": While,
-},
-
-pub const Declare = struct {
-	declaration: *const tree.Declaration,
-	initial_expression: *const Expr,
-};
-
-pub const If = struct {
-	then_expression: *const Expr,
-	@"then": *const Self,
-	@"else": ?*const Self,
-};
-
-pub const Return = struct {
-	returned_expression: ?*const Expr,
-};
-
-const Self = @This();
-
-pub const While = struct {
-	loop_expression: *const Expr,
-	loop: *const Self,
-};
-
-pub fn parse(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
-	switch (stream.token) {
-		.keyword_return => {
-			stream.step();
-
-			if (stream.token != .end and stream.token != .newline) {
-				return root.create_stmt(.{
-					.line = stream.line,
-					.kind = .{.@"return" = .{.returned_expression = try Expr.parse(root, stream, environment)}},
-				});
-			}
-
-			if (stream.token != .end and stream.token != .newline) {
-				return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected end or newline after return statement", .{});
-			}
-
-			return root.create_stmt(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-				.kind = .{.@"return" = .{.returned_expression = null}},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.keyword_while => {
-			defer stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			stream.step();
-
-			const condition_expression = try Expr.parse(root, stream, environment);
-
-			if (stream.token != .symbol_colon) {
-				return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected `:` after `while` statement", .{});
-			}
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			const first_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
-
-			{
-				var current_statement = first_statement;
-
-				while (stream.token != .keyword_end) {
-					const next_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
-
-					current_statement.next = next_statement;
-					current_statement = next_statement;
-				}
-			}
-
-			return root.create_stmt(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-
-				.kind = .{
-					.@"while" = .{
-						.loop = first_statement,
-						.loop_expression = condition_expression,
-					},
-				},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.keyword_var, .keyword_let => {
-			const is_constant = stream.token == .keyword_let;
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			const identifier = switch (stream.token) {
-				.identifier => |identifier| identifier,
-				else => return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected identifier after declaration", .{}),
-			};
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			if (stream.token != .symbol_equals) {
-				return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected `=` after declaration `{identifier}`", .{
-					.identifier = identifier,
-				});
-			}
-
-			stream.skip_newlines();
-
-			return root.create_stmt(.{
-				.line = stream.line,
-
-				.kind = .{
-					.declare = .{
-						.initial_expression = try Expr.parse(root, stream, environment),
-
-						.declaration = declare: {
-							if (is_constant) {
-								break: declare environment.declare_constant(identifier) catch |declaration_error| {
-									return root.report_declare_error(stream.line, identifier, declaration_error);
-								};
-							}
-
-							break: declare environment.declare_variable(identifier) catch |declaration_error| {
-								return root.report_declare_error(stream.line, identifier, declaration_error);
-							};
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			});
-		},
-
-		.keyword_if => return parse_branch(root, stream, environment),
-
-		else => return root.create_stmt(.{
-			.line = stream.line,
-			.kind = .{.top_expression = try Expr.parse(root, stream, environment)},
-		}),
-	}
-}
-
-fn parse_branch(root: *tree.Root, stream: *tokens.Stream, environment: *tree.Environment) tree.ParseError!*Self {
-	stream.step();
-
-	const expression = try Expr.parse(root, stream, environment);
-
-	if (stream.token != .symbol_colon) {
-		return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected `:` after `{token}`", .{.token = stream.token.text()});
-	}
-
-	stream.skip_newlines();
-
-	const first_then_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
-	var current_then_statement = first_then_statement;
-
-	while (true) {
-		switch (stream.token) {
-			.keyword_end => {
-				stream.skip_newlines();
-
-				return root.create_stmt(.{
-					.line = stream.line,
-
-					.kind = .{
-						.@"if" = .{
-							.then_expression = expression,
-							.@"then" = first_then_statement,
-							.@"else" = null,
-						},
-					},
-				});
-			},
-
-			.keyword_else => {
-				stream.step();
-
-				if (stream.token != .symbol_colon) {
-					return root.report_error(stream.line, "expected `:` after `if` statement condition", .{});
-				}
-
-				stream.skip_newlines();
-
-				const first_else_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
-				var current_else_statement = first_else_statement;
-
-				while (stream.token != .keyword_end) {
-					const next_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
-
-					current_else_statement.next = next_statement;
-					current_else_statement = next_statement;
-				}
-
-				stream.skip_newlines();
-
-				return root.create_stmt(.{
-					.line = stream.line,
-
-					.kind = .{
-						.@"if" = .{
-							.@"else" = first_else_statement,
-							.@"then" = first_then_statement,
-							.then_expression = expression,
-						},
-					}
-				});
-			},
-
-			.keyword_elif => {
-				return root.create_stmt(.{
-					.line = stream.line,
-
-					.kind = .{
-						.@"if" = .{
-							.@"else" = try parse_branch(root, stream, environment),
-							.@"then" = first_then_statement,
-							.then_expression = expression,
-						},
-					},
-				});
-			},
-
-			else => {
-				const next_statement = try parse(root, stream, environment);
-
-				current_then_statement.next = next_statement;
-				current_then_statement = next_statement;
-			},
-		}
-	}
-}

source/ona/ona.zig

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-const app = @import("./app.zig");
-
-const coral = @import("coral");
-
-const ext = @import("./ext.zig");
-
-pub const file = @import("./file.zig");
-
-const heap = @import("./heap.zig");
-
-const kym = @import("./kym.zig");
-
-fn last_sdl_error() [:0]const u8 {
-	return coral.io.slice_sentineled(@as(u8, 0), @as([*:0]const u8, @ptrCast(ext.SDL_GetError())));
-}
-
-pub fn run_app(file_access: file.Access) void {
-	defer heap.trace_leaks();
-
-	if (ext.SDL_Init(ext.SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING) != 0) {
-		return app.log_fail(last_sdl_error());
-	}
-
-	defer ext.SDL_Quit();
-
-	var script_env = kym.RuntimeEnv.init(heap.allocator, 255, .{
-		.print = app.log_info,
-		.print_error = app.log_fail,
-		.import_access = file_access,
-	}) catch {
-		return app.log_fail("failed to initialize script runtime");
-	};
-
-	defer script_env.deinit();
-
-	var manifest = app.Manifest{};
-
-	manifest.load(&script_env) catch return;
-
-	const window = create: {
-		const pos = ext.SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED;
-		const flags = 0;
-
-		break: create ext.SDL_CreateWindow(&manifest.title, pos, pos, manifest.width, manifest.height, flags) orelse {
-			return app.log_fail(last_sdl_error());
-		};
-	};
-
-	defer ext.SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
-
-	const renderer = create: {
-		const default_driver_index = -1;
-		const flags = ext.SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED;
-
-		break: create ext.SDL_CreateRenderer(window, default_driver_index, flags) orelse {
-			return app.log_fail(last_sdl_error());
-		};
-	};
-
-	defer ext.SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
-
-	{
-		var previous_ticks = ext.SDL_GetTicks64();
-
-		while (true) {
-			{
-				var event = @as(ext.SDL_Event, undefined);
-
-				while (ext.SDL_PollEvent(&event) != 0) {
-					switch (event.type) {
-						ext.SDL_QUIT => return,
-						else => {},
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			{
-				// Based on https://fabiensanglard.net/timer_and_framerate/index.php.
-				const current_ticks = ext.SDL_GetTicks64();
-				const milliseconds_per_second = 1000.0;
-				const tick_frequency = @as(u64, @intFromFloat(milliseconds_per_second / manifest.tick_rate));
-
-				while (previous_ticks < current_ticks) {
-					previous_ticks += tick_frequency;
-				}
-			}
-
-			_ = ext.SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 255);
-			_ = ext.SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
-			_ = ext.SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
-		}
-	}
-}

source/runner.zig

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-const ona = @import("ona");
-
-pub fn main() void {
-	ona.run_app(.{.sandboxed_path = &ona.file.Path.cwd});
-}

source/test.zig

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-const coral = @import("coral");
-
-const ona = @import("ona");

src/coral/World.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+const builtin = @import("builtin");
+
+const heap = @import("./heap.zig");
+
+const map = @import("./map.zig");
+
+const resource = @import("./resource.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+const stack = @import("./stack.zig");
+
+const system = @import("./system.zig");
+
+thread_pool: ?*std.Thread.Pool = null,
+thread_restricted_resources: [std.enums.values(ThreadRestriction).len]resource.Table,
+event_systems: stack.Sequential(system.Schedule),
+
+pub const Event = enum (usize) { _ };
+
+const Self = @This();
+
+pub const ThreadRestriction = enum {
+	none,
+	main,
+};
+
+pub fn create_event(self: *Self, label: []const u8) std.mem.Allocator.Error!Event {
+	var systems = try system.Schedule.init(label);
+
+	errdefer systems.deinit();
+
+	const index = self.event_systems.len();
+
+	try self.event_systems.push(systems);
+
+	return @enumFromInt(index);
+}
+
+pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+	for (&self.thread_restricted_resources) |*resources| {
+		resources.deinit();
+	}
+
+	for (self.event_systems.values) |*schedule| {
+		schedule.deinit();
+	}
+
+	if (self.thread_pool) |thread_pool| {
+		thread_pool.deinit();
+		heap.allocator.destroy(thread_pool);
+	}
+
+	self.event_systems.deinit();
+
+	self.* = undefined;
+}
+
+pub fn get_resource(self: Self, thread_restriction: ThreadRestriction, comptime Resource: type) ?*Resource {
+	return @ptrCast(@alignCast(self.thread_restricted_resources[@intFromEnum(thread_restriction)].get(Resource)));
+}
+
+pub fn set_get_resource(self: *Self, thread_restriction: ThreadRestriction, value: anytype) std.mem.Allocator.Error!*@TypeOf(value) {
+	return self.thread_restricted_resources[@intFromEnum(thread_restriction)].set_get(value);
+}
+
+pub fn init(thread_count: u32) std.Thread.SpawnError!Self {
+	var world = Self{
+		.thread_restricted_resources = .{resource.Table.init(), resource.Table.init()},
+		.event_systems = .{.allocator = heap.allocator},
+	};
+
+	if (thread_count != 0 and !builtin.single_threaded) {
+		const thread_pool = try heap.allocator.create(std.Thread.Pool);
+
+		try thread_pool.init(.{
+			.allocator = heap.allocator,
+			.n_jobs = thread_count,
+		});
+
+		world.thread_pool = thread_pool;
+	}
+
+	return world;
+}
+
+pub fn on_event(self: *Self, event: Event, action: *const system.Info, order: system.Order) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+	try self.event_systems.values[@intFromEnum(event)].then(self, action, order);
+}
+
+pub fn run_event(self: *Self, event: Event) anyerror!void {
+	try self.event_systems.values[@intFromEnum(event)].run(self);
+}
+
+pub fn set_resource(self: *Self, thread_restriction: ThreadRestriction, value: anytype) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+	try self.thread_restricted_resources[@intFromEnum(thread_restriction)].set(value);
+}

src/coral/ascii.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+const coral = @import("./coral.zig");
+
+const io = @import("./io.zig");
+
+const scalars = @import("./scalars.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub const DecimalFormat = struct {
+	delimiter: []const coral.Byte,
+	positive_prefix: enum {none, plus, space},
+
+	pub const default = DecimalFormat{
+		.delimiter = "",
+		.positive_prefix = .none,
+	};
+
+	pub fn parse(self: DecimalFormat, utf8: []const u8, comptime Decimal: type) ?Decimal {
+		if (utf8.len == 0) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		switch (@typeInfo(Decimal)) {
+			.Int => |int| {
+				const has_sign = switch (utf8[0]) {
+					'-', '+', ' ' => true,
+					else => false,
+				};
+
+				var result = @as(Decimal, 0);
+
+				for (@intFromBool(has_sign) .. utf8.len) |index| {
+					const radix = 10;
+					const code = utf8[index];
+
+					switch (code) {
+						'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' => {
+							const offset_code = scalars.sub(code, '0') orelse return null;
+
+							result = scalars.mul(result, radix) orelse return null;
+							result = scalars.add(result, offset_code) orelse return null;
+						},
+
+						else => {
+							if (self.delimiter.len == 0 or !coral.are_equal(self.delimiter, utf8[index ..])) {
+								return null;
+							}
+						},
+					}
+				}
+
+				switch (int.signedness) {
+					.signed => {
+						return result * @as(Decimal, if (has_sign and utf8[0] == '-') -1 else 1);
+					},
+
+					.unsigned => {
+						if (has_sign and utf8[0] == '-') {
+							return null;
+						}
+
+						return result;
+					},
+				}
+			},
+
+			.Float => {
+				const has_sign = switch (utf8[0]) {
+					'-', '+', ' ' => true,
+					else => false,
+				};
+
+				// "-"
+				if (has_sign and utf8.len == 1) {
+					return null;
+				}
+
+				const sign_offset = @intFromBool(has_sign);
+				var has_decimal = utf8[sign_offset] == '.';
+
+				// "-."
+				if (has_decimal and (utf8.len == 2)) {
+					return null;
+				}
+
+				var result = @as(Decimal, 0);
+				var factor = @as(Decimal, if (has_sign and utf8[0] == '-') -1 else 1);
+
+				for (utf8[sign_offset + @intFromBool(has_decimal) .. utf8.len]) |code| {
+					switch (code) {
+						'.' => {
+							if (has_decimal) {
+								return null;
+							}
+
+							has_decimal = true;
+						},
+
+						'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' => {
+							if (has_decimal) {
+								factor /= 10.0;
+							}
+
+							result = ((result * 10.0) + @as(Decimal, @floatFromInt(code - '0')));
+						},
+
+						else => return null,
+					}
+				}
+
+				return result * factor;
+			},
+
+			else => @compileError("`" ++ @typeName(Decimal) ++ "` cannot be parsed from a decimal string"),
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn print(self: DecimalFormat, writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) io.PrintError!void {
+		if (value == 0) {
+			return io.print(writer, switch (self.positive_prefix) {
+				.none => "0",
+				.plus => "+0",
+				.space => " 0",
+			});
+		}
+
+		const Value = @TypeOf(value);
+
+		switch (@typeInfo(Value)) {
+			.Int => |int| {
+				const radix = 10;
+				var buffer = [_]u8{0} ** (1 + @max(int.bits, 1));
+				var buffer_start = buffer.len - 1;
+
+				{
+					var decomposable_value = value;
+
+					while (decomposable_value != 0) : (buffer_start -= 1) {
+						buffer[buffer_start] = @intCast(@mod(decomposable_value, radix) + '0');
+						decomposable_value = @divTrunc(decomposable_value, radix);
+					}
+				}
+
+				if (int.signedness == .unsigned and value < 0) {
+					buffer[buffer_start] = '-';
+				} else {
+					switch (self.positive_prefix) {
+						.none => buffer_start += 1,
+						.plus => buffer[buffer_start] = '+',
+						.space => buffer[buffer_start] = ' ',
+					}
+				}
+
+				return io.print(writer, buffer[buffer_start ..]);
+			},
+
+			.Float => |float| {
+				if (value < 0) {
+					try io.print(writer, "-");
+				}
+
+				const Float = @TypeOf(value);
+				const Int = std.meta.Int(.unsigned, float.bits);
+				const integer = @as(Int, @intFromFloat(value));
+
+				try self.print(writer, integer);
+				try io.print(writer, ".");
+				try self.print(writer, @as(Int, @intFromFloat((value - @as(Float, @floatFromInt(integer))) * 100)));
+			},
+
+			else => @compileError("`" ++ @typeName(Value) ++ "` cannot be formatted to a decimal string"),
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+pub const HexadecimalFormat = struct {
+	delimiter: []const u8 = "",
+	positive_prefix: enum {none, plus, space} = .none,
+	casing: enum {lower, upper} = .lower,
+
+	const default = HexadecimalFormat{
+		.delimiter = "",
+		.positive_prefix = .none,
+		.casing = .lower,
+	};
+
+	pub fn print(self: HexadecimalFormat, writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) ?usize {
+		// TODO: Implement.
+		_ = self;
+		_ = writer;
+		_ = value;
+
+		unreachable;
+	}
+};

src/coral/coral.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+pub const ascii = @import("./ascii.zig");
+
+pub const dag = @import("./dag.zig");
+
+pub const debug = @import("./debug.zig");
+
+pub const hash = @import("./hash.zig");
+
+pub const heap = @import("./heap.zig");
+
+pub const io = @import("./io.zig");
+
+pub const map = @import("./map.zig");
+
+pub const scalars = @import("./scalars.zig");
+
+pub const slices = @import("./slices.zig");
+
+pub const slots = @import("./slots.zig");
+
+pub const stack = @import("./stack.zig");
+
+pub const system = @import("./system.zig");
+
+pub const utf8 = @import("./utf8.zig");
+
+pub const vectors = @import("./vectors.zig");
+
+pub const World = @import("./World.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub const ResourceOptions = struct {
+	thread_restriction: World.ThreadRestriction,
+	read_only: bool = false,
+};
+
+pub fn Read(comptime Value: type) type {
+	return Resource(Value, .{
+		.thread_restriction = .none,
+		.read_only = true,
+	});
+}
+
+pub fn ReadBlocking(comptime Value: type) type {
+	return Resource(Value, .{
+		.thread_restriction = .main,
+		.read_only = true,
+	});
+}
+
+pub fn Resource(comptime Value: type, comptime options: ResourceOptions) type {
+	const value_info = @typeInfo(Value);
+
+	const Qualified = switch (value_info) {
+		.Optional => @Type(.{
+			.Optional = .{
+				.child = .{
+					.Pointer = .{
+						.is_allowzero = false,
+						.sentinel = null,
+						.address_space = .generic,
+						.is_volatile = false,
+						.alignment = @alignOf(Value),
+						.size = .One,
+						.child = Value,
+						.is_const = options.read_only,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}),
+
+		else => @Type(.{
+			.Pointer = .{
+				.is_allowzero = false,
+				.sentinel = null,
+				.address_space = .generic,
+				.is_volatile = false,
+				.alignment = @alignOf(Value),
+				.size = .One,
+				.child = Value,
+				.is_const = options.read_only,
+			},
+		}),
+	};
+
+	return struct {
+		res: Qualified,
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		pub const State = struct {
+			res: Qualified,
+		};
+
+		pub fn bind(context: system.BindContext) std.mem.Allocator.Error!State {
+			const thread_restriction_name = switch (thread_restriction) {
+				.main => "main thread-restricted ",
+				.none => ""
+			};
+
+			const res = switch (options.read_only) {
+				true => (try context.register_read_only_resource_access(thread_restriction, Value)),
+				false => (try context.register_read_write_resource_access(thread_restriction, Value)),
+			};
+
+			return .{
+				.res = switch (value_info) {
+					.Optional => res,
+
+					else => res orelse {
+						@panic(std.fmt.comptimePrint("attempt to use {s}{s} {s} that has not yet been set", .{
+							thread_restriction_name,
+							if (options.read_only) "read-only" else "read-write",
+							@typeName(Value),
+						}));
+					},
+				},
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub fn init(state: *State) Self {
+			return .{
+				.res = state.res,
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub const thread_restriction = options.thread_restriction;
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn Write(comptime Value: type) type {
+	return Resource(Value, .{
+		.thread_restriction = .none,
+	});
+}
+
+pub fn WriteBlocking(comptime Value: type) type {
+	return Resource(Value, .{
+		.thread_restriction = .main,
+	});
+}
+
+fn parameter_type(comptime Value: type) *const system.Info.Parameter {
+	const has_state = @hasDecl(Value, "State");
+
+	if (@sizeOf(Value) == 0) {
+		@compileError("System parameters must have a non-zero size");
+	}
+
+	const parameters = struct {
+		fn bind(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, context: system.BindContext) std.mem.Allocator.Error!?*anyopaque {
+			if (has_state) {
+				const value_name = @typeName(Value);
+
+				if (!@hasDecl(Value, "bind")) {
+					@compileError(
+						"a `bind` declaration on " ++
+						value_name ++
+						" is requied for parameter types with a `State` declaration");
+				}
+
+				const bind_type = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(Value.bind));
+
+				if (bind_type != .Fn) {
+					@compileError("`bind` declaration on " ++ value_name ++ " must be a fn");
+				}
+
+				if (bind_type.Fn.params.len != 1 or bind_type.Fn.params[0].type.? != system.BindContext) {
+					@compileError(
+						"`bind` fn on " ++
+						value_name ++
+						" must accept " ++
+						@typeName(system.BindContext) ++
+						" as it's one and only argument");
+				}
+
+				const state = try allocator.create(Value.State);
+
+				state.* = switch (bind_type.Fn.return_type.?) {
+					Value.State => Value.bind(context),
+					std.mem.Allocator.Error!Value.State => try Value.bind(context),
+					else => @compileError(
+						"`bind` fn on " ++
+						@typeName(Value) ++
+						" must return " ++
+						@typeName(Value.State) ++
+						" or " ++
+						@typeName(std.mem.Allocator.Error!Value.State)),
+				};
+
+				return @ptrCast(state);
+			} else {
+				return null;
+			}
+		}
+
+		fn init(argument: *anyopaque, state: ?*anyopaque) void {
+			const value_name = @typeName(Value);
+
+			if (!@hasDecl(Value, "init")) {
+				@compileError("an `init` declaration on " ++ value_name ++ " is requied for parameter types");
+			}
+
+			const init_type = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(Value.init));
+
+			if (init_type != .Fn) {
+				@compileError("`init` declaration on " ++ value_name ++ " must be a fn");
+			}
+
+			if (init_type.Fn.return_type.? != Value) {
+				@compileError("`init` fn on " ++ value_name ++ " must return a " ++ value_name);
+			}
+
+			const concrete_argument = @as(*Value, @ptrCast(@alignCast(argument)));
+
+			if (has_state) {
+				if (init_type.Fn.params.len != 1 or init_type.Fn.params[0].type.? != *Value.State) {
+					@compileError("`init` fn on stateful " ++ value_name ++ " must accept a " ++ @typeName(*Value.State));
+				}
+
+				concrete_argument.* = Value.init(@ptrCast(@alignCast(state.?)));
+			} else {
+				if (init_type.Fn.params.len != 0) {
+					@compileError("`init` fn on statelss " ++ value_name ++ " cannot use parameters");
+				}
+
+				concrete_argument.* = Value.init();
+			}
+		}
+
+		fn unbind(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, state: ?*anyopaque) void {
+			if (@hasDecl(Value, "unbind")) {
+				if (has_state) {
+					const typed_state = @as(*Value.State, @ptrCast(@alignCast(state.?)));
+
+					Value.unbind(typed_state);
+					allocator.destroy(typed_state);
+				} else {
+					Value.unbind();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	};
+
+	return comptime &.{
+		.thread_restriction = if (@hasDecl(Value, "thread_restriction")) Value.thread_restriction else .none,
+		.init = parameters.init,
+		.bind = parameters.bind,
+		.unbind = parameters.unbind,
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn system_fn(comptime call: anytype) *const system.Info {
+	const Call = @TypeOf(call);
+
+	const system_info = comptime generate: {
+		switch (@typeInfo(Call)) {
+			.Fn => |call_fn| {
+				if (call_fn.params.len > system.max_parameters) {
+					@compileError("number of parameters to `call` cannot be more than 16");
+				}
+
+				const systems = struct {
+					fn run(parameters: []const *const system.Info.Parameter, states: *const [system.max_parameters]?*anyopaque) anyerror!void {
+						var call_args = @as(std.meta.ArgsTuple(Call), undefined);
+
+						inline for (parameters, &call_args, states[0 .. parameters.len]) |parameter, *call_arg, state| {
+							parameter.init(call_arg, state);
+						}
+
+						switch (@typeInfo(call_fn.return_type.?)) {
+							.Void => @call(.auto, call, call_args),
+							.ErrorUnion => try @call(.auto, call, call_args),
+							else => @compileError("number of parameters to `call` must return void or !void"),
+						}
+					}
+				};
+
+				var parameters = @as([system.max_parameters]*const system.Info.Parameter, undefined);
+				var thread_restriction = World.ThreadRestriction.none;
+
+				for (0 .. call_fn.params.len) |index| {
+					const CallParam = call_fn.params[index].type.?;
+					const parameter = parameter_type(CallParam);
+
+					if (parameter.thread_restriction != .none) {
+						if (thread_restriction != .none and thread_restriction != parameter.thread_restriction) {
+							@compileError("a system may not have conflicting thread restrictions");
+						}
+
+						thread_restriction = parameter.thread_restriction;
+					}
+
+					parameters[index] = parameter;
+				}
+
+				break: generate &.{
+					.parameters = parameters,
+					.parameter_count = call_fn.params.len,
+					.execute = systems.run,
+					.thread_restriction = thread_restriction,
+				};
+			},
+
+			else => @compileError("parameter `call` must be a function"),
+		}
+	};
+
+	return system_info;
+}

src/coral/dag.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+const stack = @import("./stack.zig");
+
+const slices = @import("./slices.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn Graph(comptime Payload: type) type {
+	return struct {
+		node_count: usize = 0,
+		table: NodeTables,
+
+		const NodeTables = stack.Parallel(struct {
+			payload: Payload,
+			edges: stack.Sequential(Node),
+			is_occupied: bool = true,
+			is_visited: bool = false,
+		});
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		pub fn append(self: *Self, payload: Payload) std.mem.Allocator.Error!Node {
+			const node = @as(Node, @enumFromInt(self.table.len()));
+
+			try self.table.push(.{
+				.payload = payload,
+				.edges = .{.allocator = self.table.allocator},
+			});
+
+			self.node_count += 1;
+
+			return node;
+		}
+
+		pub fn clear_edges(self: *Self) void {
+			for (self.table.values.slice(.edges)) |*edges| {
+				edges.clear();
+			}
+		}
+
+		pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+			for (self.table.values.slice(.edges)) |*edges| {
+				edges.deinit();
+			}
+
+			self.table.deinit();
+
+			self.* = undefined;
+		}
+
+		pub fn edge_nodes(self: Self, node: Node) ?[]const Node {
+			if (!self.exists(node)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			return self.table.values.get_ptr(.edges, @intFromEnum(node)).?.values;
+		}
+
+		pub fn exists(self: Self, node: Node) bool {
+			return self.table.values.get(.is_occupied, @intFromEnum(node)) orelse false;
+		}
+
+		pub fn get_ptr(self: Self, node: Node) ?*Payload {
+			if (!self.exists(node)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			return self.table.values.get_ptr(.payload, @intFromEnum(node)).?;
+		}
+
+		pub fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator) Self {
+			return .{
+				.table = .{.allocator = allocator},
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub fn insert_edge(self: *Self, dependant_node: Node, edge_node: Node) std.mem.Allocator.Error!bool {
+			if (!self.exists(edge_node)) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			const edges = self.table.values.get_ptr(.edges, @intFromEnum(dependant_node)) orelse {
+				return false;
+			};
+
+			if (slices.index_of(edges.values, 0, edge_node) == null) {
+				try edges.push(edge_node);
+			}
+
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		pub fn is_empty(self: Self) bool {
+			return self.node_count != 0;
+		}
+
+		pub fn nodes(self: *const Self) Nodes {
+			return .{
+				.occupied_table = self.table.values.slice(.is_occupied),
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub fn mark_visited(self: *Self, node: Node) bool {
+			if (!self.exists(node)) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			std.debug.assert(self.table.values.set(.is_visited, @intFromEnum(node), true));
+
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		pub fn remove_node(self: *Self, node: Node) ?Payload {
+			if (!self.exists(node)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			const node_index = @intFromEnum(node);
+
+			self.table.values.get_ptr(.is_occupied, node_index).?.* = false;
+			self.node_count -= 1;
+
+			return self.table.values.get(.payload, node_index).?;
+		}
+
+		pub fn reset_visited(self: *Self) void {
+			@memset(self.table.values.slice(.is_visited), false);
+		}
+
+		pub fn visited(self: Self, node: Node) ?bool {
+			if (!self.exists(node)) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			return self.table.values.get(.is_visited, @intFromEnum(node)).?;
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+pub const Node = enum (usize) { _ };
+
+pub const Nodes = struct {
+	occupied_table: []const bool,
+	iterations: usize = 0,
+
+	pub fn next(self: *Nodes) ?Node {
+		std.debug.assert(self.iterations <= self.occupied_table.len);
+
+		while (self.iterations != self.occupied_table.len) {
+			defer self.iterations += 1;
+
+			if (self.occupied_table[self.iterations]) {
+				return @enumFromInt(self.iterations);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return null;
+	}
+};

src/coral/debug.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn assert_ok(error_union: anytype) @typeInfo(@TypeOf(error_union)).ErrorUnion.payload {
+	return error_union catch unreachable;
+}

src/coral/hash.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn djb2(comptime int: std.builtin.Type.Int, bytes: []const u8) std.meta.Int(int.signedness, int.bits) {
+	var hash = @as(std.meta.Int(int.signedness, int.bits), 5381);
+
+	for (bytes) |byte| {
+		hash = ((hash << 5) +% hash) +% byte;
+	}
+
+	return hash;
+}
+
+pub fn jenkins(comptime int: std.builtin.Type.Int, bytes: []const u8) std.meta.Int(int.signedness, int.bits) {
+    var hash = @as(std.meta.Int(int.signedness, int.bits), 0);
+
+    for (bytes) |byte| {
+        hash +%= byte;
+        hash +%= (hash << 10);
+        hash ^= (hash >> 6);
+    }
+
+    hash +%= (hash << 3);
+    hash ^= (hash >> 11);
+    hash +%= (hash << 15);
+
+    return hash;
+}

src/coral/heap.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub const allocator = gpa.allocator();
+
+var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{
+	.thread_safe = true,
+}){};
+
+pub fn trace_leaks() void {
+	_ = gpa.detectLeaks();
+}

src/coral/io.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+const builtin = @import("builtin");
+
+const coral = @import("./coral.zig");
+
+const slices = @import("./slices.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub const Byte = u8;
+
+pub const Decoder = coral.io.Functor(coral.io.Error!void, &.{[]coral.Byte});
+
+pub const Error = error {
+	UnavailableResource,
+};
+
+pub fn Functor(comptime Output: type, comptime input_types: []const type) type {
+	const InputTuple = std.meta.Tuple(input_types);
+
+	return struct {
+		context: *const anyopaque,
+		apply_with_context: *const fn (*const anyopaque, InputTuple) Output,
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		pub fn apply(self: *const Self, inputs: InputTuple) Output {
+			return self.apply_with_context(self.context, inputs);
+		}
+
+		pub fn bind(comptime State: type, state: *const State, comptime invoke: anytype) Self {
+			const is_zero_aligned = @alignOf(State) == 0;
+
+			return .{
+				.context = if (is_zero_aligned) state else @ptrCast(state),
+
+				.apply_with_context = struct {
+					fn invoke_concrete(context: *const anyopaque, inputs: InputTuple) Output {
+						if (is_zero_aligned) {
+							return @call(.auto, invoke, .{@as(*const State, @ptrCast(context))} ++ inputs);
+						}
+
+						return switch (@typeInfo(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(invoke)).Fn.return_type.?)) {
+							.ErrorUnion => try @call(.auto, invoke, .{@as(*const State, @ptrCast(@alignCast(context)))} ++ inputs),
+							else => @call(.auto, invoke, .{@as(*const State, @ptrCast(@alignCast(context)))} ++ inputs),
+						};
+					}
+				}.invoke_concrete,
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub fn bind_fn(comptime invoke: anytype) Self {
+			return .{
+				.context = undefined,
+
+				.apply_with_context = struct {
+					fn invoke_concrete(_: *const anyopaque, inputs: InputTuple) Output {
+						return @call(.auto, invoke, inputs);
+					}
+				}.invoke_concrete,
+			};
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn Generator(comptime Output: type, comptime input_types: []const type) type {
+	const InputTuple = std.meta.Tuple(input_types);
+
+	return struct {
+		context: *anyopaque,
+		yield_with_context: *const fn (*anyopaque, InputTuple) Output,
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		pub fn bind(comptime State: type, state: *State, comptime invoke: anytype) Self {
+			const is_zero_aligned = @alignOf(State) == 0;
+
+			return .{
+				.context = if (is_zero_aligned) state else @ptrCast(state),
+
+				.yield_with_context = struct {
+					fn invoke_concrete(context: *anyopaque, inputs: InputTuple) Output {
+						if (is_zero_aligned) {
+							return @call(.auto, invoke, .{@as(*State, @ptrCast(context))} ++ inputs);
+						}
+
+						return switch (@typeInfo(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(invoke)).Fn.return_type.?)) {
+							.ErrorUnion => try @call(.auto, invoke, .{@as(*State, @ptrCast(@alignCast(context)))} ++ inputs),
+							else => @call(.auto, invoke, .{@as(*State, @ptrCast(@alignCast(context)))} ++ inputs),
+						};
+					}
+				}.invoke_concrete,
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub fn bind_fn(comptime invoke: anytype) Self {
+			return .{
+				.context = undefined,
+
+				.yield_with_context = struct {
+					fn invoke_concrete(_: *const anyopaque, inputs: InputTuple) Output {
+						return @call(.auto, invoke, inputs);
+					}
+				}.invoke_concrete,
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub fn yield(self: *const Self, inputs: InputTuple) Output {
+			return self.yield_with_context(self.context, inputs);
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+pub const NullWritable = struct {
+	written: usize = 0,
+
+	pub fn writer(self: *NullWritable) Writer {
+		return Writer.bind(NullWritable, self, write);
+	}
+
+	pub fn write(self: *NullWritable, buffer: []const u8) !usize {
+		self.written += buffer.len;
+
+		return buffer.len;
+	}
+};
+
+pub const PrintError = Error || error {
+	IncompleteWrite,
+};
+
+pub const Reader = Generator(Error!usize, &.{[]coral.Byte});
+
+pub const Writer = Generator(Error!usize, &.{[]const coral.Byte});
+
+const native_endian = builtin.cpu.arch.endian();
+
+pub fn alloc_read(input: coral.io.Reader, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) []coral.Byte {
+	const buffer = coral.Stack(coral.Byte){.allocator = allocator};
+
+	errdefer buffer.deinit();
+
+	const streamed = try stream_all(input.reader(), buffer.writer());
+
+	return buffer.to_allocation(streamed);
+}
+
+pub fn are_equal(a: []const Byte, b: []const Byte) bool {
+	if (a.len != b.len) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	for (0 .. a.len) |i| {
+		if (a[i] != b[i]) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+pub const bits_per_byte = 8;
+
+pub fn bytes_of(value: anytype) []const Byte {
+	const pointer_info = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(value)).Pointer;
+
+	return switch (pointer_info.size) {
+		.One => @as([*]const Byte, @ptrCast(value))[0 .. @sizeOf(pointer_info.child)],
+		.Slice => @as([*]const Byte, @ptrCast(value.ptr))[0 .. @sizeOf(pointer_info.child) * value.len],
+		else => @compileError("`value` must be single-element pointer or slice type"),
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn ends_with(haystack: []const Byte, needle: []const Byte) bool {
+	if (needle.len > haystack.len) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return are_equal(haystack[haystack.len - needle.len ..], needle);
+}
+
+pub fn print(writer: Writer, utf8: []const u8) PrintError!void {
+	if (try writer.yield(.{utf8}) != utf8.len) {
+		return error.IncompleteWrite;
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn skip_n(input: Reader, distance: u64) Error!void {
+	var buffer = @as([512]coral.Byte, undefined);
+	var remaining = distance;
+
+	while (remaining != 0) {
+		const read = try input.yield(.{buffer[0 .. @min(remaining, buffer.len)]});
+
+		if (read == 0) {
+			return error.UnavailableResource;
+		}
+
+		remaining -= read;
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn read_foreign(input: Reader, comptime Type: type) Error!Type {
+	const decoded = try read_native(input, Type);
+
+	return switch (@typeInfo(input)) {
+		.Struct => std.mem.byteSwapAllFields(Type, &decoded),
+		else => @byteSwap(decoded),
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn read_native(input: Reader, comptime Type: type) Error!Type {
+	var buffer = @as([@sizeOf(Type)]coral.Byte, undefined);
+
+	if (try input.yield(.{&buffer}) != buffer.len) {
+		return error.UnavailableResource;
+	}
+
+	return @as(*align(1) const Type, @ptrCast(&buffer)).*;
+}
+
+pub const read_little = switch (native_endian) {
+	.little => read_native,
+	.big => read_foreign,
+};
+
+pub const read_big = switch (native_endian) {
+	.little => read_foreign,
+	.big => read_native,
+};
+
+pub fn slice_sentineled(comptime sen: anytype, ptr: [*:sen]const @TypeOf(sen)) [:sen]const @TypeOf(sen) {
+	var len = @as(usize, 0);
+
+	while (ptr[len] != sen) {
+		len += 1;
+	}
+
+	return ptr[0 .. len:sen];
+}
+
+pub fn stream_all(input: Reader, output: Writer) Error!usize {
+	var buffer = @as([512]coral.Byte, undefined);
+	var copied = @as(usize, 0);
+
+	while (true) {
+		const read = try input.apply(.{&buffer});
+
+		if (read == 0) {
+			return copied;
+		}
+
+		if (try output.apply(.{buffer[0 .. read]}) != read) {
+			return error.UnavailableResource;
+		}
+
+		copied += read;
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn stream_n(input: Reader, output: Writer, limit: usize) Error!usize {
+	var buffer = @as([512]coral.Byte, undefined);
+	var remaining = limit;
+
+	while (true) {
+		const read = try input.yield(.{buffer[0 .. @min(remaining, buffer.len)]});
+
+		if (read == 0) {
+			return limit - remaining;
+		}
+
+		if (try output.yield(.{buffer[0 .. read]}) != read) {
+			return error.UnavailableResource;
+		}
+
+		remaining -= read;
+	}
+}

src/coral/map.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+const coral = @import("./coral.zig");
+
+const hash = @import("./hash.zig");
+
+const io = @import("./io.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn Hashed(comptime Key: type, comptime Value: type, comptime traits: Traits(Key)) type {
+	const load_max = 0.75;
+	const max_int = std.math.maxInt(usize);
+
+	return struct {
+		allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+		entry_map: []?Entry = &.{},
+		len: usize = 0,
+
+		pub const Entry = struct {
+			key: Key,
+			value: Value,
+
+			fn write_into(self: Entry, table: *Self) bool {
+				const hash_max = @min(max_int, table.entry_map.len);
+				var hashed_key = traits.hash(self.key) % hash_max;
+				var iterations = @as(usize, 0);
+
+				while (true) : (iterations += 1) {
+					std.debug.assert(iterations < table.entry_map.len);
+
+					const table_entry = &(table.entry_map[hashed_key] orelse {
+						table.entry_map[hashed_key] = .{
+							.key = self.key,
+							.value = self.value,
+						};
+
+						table.len += 1;
+
+						return true;
+					});
+
+					if (traits.are_equal(table_entry.key, self.key)) {
+						return false;
+					}
+
+					hashed_key = (hashed_key +% 1) % hash_max;
+				}
+			}
+		};
+
+		pub const Entries = struct {
+			table: *const Self,
+			iterations: usize,
+
+			pub fn next(self: *Entries) ?*Entry {
+				while (self.iterations < self.table.entry_map.len) {
+					defer self.iterations += 1;
+
+					if (self.table.entry_map[self.iterations]) |*entry| {
+						return entry;
+					}
+				}
+
+				return null;
+			}
+		};
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		pub fn entries(self: *const Self) Entries {
+			return .{
+				.table = self,
+				.iterations = 0,
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub fn remove(self: *Self, key: Key) ?Entry {
+			const hash_max = @min(max_int, self.entry_map.len);
+			var hashed_key = key.hash() % hash_max;
+
+			while (true) {
+				const entry = &(self.entry_map[hashed_key] orelse continue);
+
+				if (self.keys_equal(entry.key, key)) {
+					const original_entry = entry.*;
+
+					self.entry_map[hashed_key] = null;
+
+					return original_entry;
+				}
+
+				hashed_key = (hashed_key +% 1) % hash_max;
+			}
+		}
+
+		pub fn replace(self: *Self, key: Key, value: Value) std.mem.Allocator.Error!?Entry {
+			try self.rehash(load_max);
+
+			std.debug.assert(self.entry_map.len > self.len);
+
+			{
+				const hash_max = @min(max_int, self.entry_map.len);
+				var hashed_key = traits.hash(key) % hash_max;
+
+				while (true) {
+					const entry = &(self.entry_map[hashed_key] orelse {
+						self.entry_map[hashed_key] = .{
+							.key = key,
+							.value = value,
+						};
+
+						self.len += 1;
+
+						return null;
+					});
+
+					if (traits.are_equal(key, entry.key)) {
+						const original_entry = entry.*;
+
+						entry.* = .{
+							.key = key,
+							.value = value,
+						};
+
+						return original_entry;
+					}
+
+					hashed_key = (hashed_key +% 1) % hash_max;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		pub fn clear(self: *Self) void {
+			for (self.entry_map) |*entry| {
+				entry.* = null;
+			}
+
+			self.len = 0;
+		}
+
+		pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+			if (self.entry_map.len == 0) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			self.allocator.free(self.entry_map);
+
+			self.* = undefined;
+		}
+
+		pub fn get_ptr(self: Self, key: Key) ?*Value {
+			if (self.len == 0) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			const hash_max = @min(max_int, self.entry_map.len);
+			var hashed_key = traits.hash(key) % hash_max;
+			var iterations = @as(usize, 0);
+
+			while (iterations < self.len) : (iterations += 1) {
+				const entry = &(self.entry_map[hashed_key] orelse return null);
+
+				if (traits.are_equal(entry.key, key)) {
+					return &entry.value;
+				}
+
+				hashed_key = (hashed_key +% 1) % hash_max;
+			}
+
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		pub fn get(self: Self, key: Key) ?Value {
+			if (self.get_ptr(key)) |value| {
+				return value.*;
+			}
+
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		pub fn emplace(self: *Self, key: Key, value: Value) std.mem.Allocator.Error!bool {
+			try self.rehash(load_max);
+
+			std.debug.assert(self.entry_map.len > self.len);
+
+			const entry = Entry{
+				.key = key,
+				.value = value,
+			};
+
+			return entry.write_into(self);
+		}
+
+		pub fn load_factor(self: Self) f32 {
+			return if (self.entry_map.len == 0) 1 else @as(f32, @floatFromInt(self.len)) / @as(f32, @floatFromInt(self.entry_map.len));
+		}
+
+		pub fn rehash(self: *Self, max_load: f32) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+			if (self.load_factor() <= max_load) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			var table = Self{
+				.allocator = self.allocator,
+			};
+
+			errdefer table.deinit();
+
+			table.entry_map = allocate: {
+				const min_len = @max(1, self.len);
+				const table_size = min_len * 2;
+				const zeroed_entry_map = try self.allocator.alloc(?Entry, table_size);
+
+				errdefer self.allocator.free(zeroed_entry_map);
+
+				for (zeroed_entry_map) |*entry| {
+					entry.* = null;
+				}
+
+				break: allocate zeroed_entry_map;
+			};
+
+			for (self.entry_map) |maybe_entry| {
+				if (maybe_entry) |entry| {
+					std.debug.assert(entry.write_into(&table));
+				}
+			}
+
+			self.deinit();
+
+			self.* = table;
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn Traits(comptime Key: type) type {
+	return struct {
+		are_equal: fn (Key, Key) bool,
+		hash: fn (Key) usize,
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn enum_traits(comptime Enum: type) Traits(Enum) {
+	const enums = struct {
+		fn are_equal(a: Enum, b: Enum) bool {
+			return a == b;
+		}
+
+		fn hash(value: Enum) usize {
+			return @intFromEnum(value) % std.math.maxInt(usize);
+		}
+	};
+
+	return .{
+		.are_equal = enums.are_equal,
+		.hash = enums.hash,
+	};
+}
+
+pub const string_traits = init: {
+	const djb2 = hash.djb2;
+
+	const strings = struct {
+		fn hash(value: []const u8) usize {
+			return djb2(@typeInfo(usize).Int, value);
+		}
+	};
+
+	break: init Traits([]const u8){
+		.are_equal = coral.io.are_equal,
+		.hash = strings.hash,
+	};
+};
+
+pub const usize_traits = init: {
+	const usizes = struct {
+		fn are_equal(a: usize, b: usize) bool {
+			return a == b;
+		}
+
+		fn hash(value: usize) usize {
+			return value;
+		}
+	};
+
+	break: init Traits(usize){
+		.are_equal = usizes.are_equal,
+		.hash = usizes.hash,
+	};
+};

src/coral/resource.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+const heap = @import("./heap.zig");
+
+const map = @import("./map.zig");
+
+pub const Table = struct {
+	arena: std.heap.ArenaAllocator,
+	table: map.Hashed(TypeID, Entry, map.enum_traits(TypeID)),
+
+	const Entry = struct {
+		ptr: *anyopaque,
+	};
+
+	pub fn deinit(self: *Table) void {
+		self.table.deinit();
+		self.arena.deinit();
+
+		self.* = undefined;
+	}
+
+	pub fn get(self: Table, comptime Resource: type) ?*Resource {
+		if (self.table.get_ptr(type_id(Resource))) |entry| {
+			return @ptrCast(@alignCast(entry.ptr));
+		}
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	pub fn init() Table {
+		return .{
+			.arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(heap.allocator),
+			.table = .{.allocator = heap.allocator},
+		};
+	}
+
+	pub fn set_get(self: *Table, value: anytype) std.mem.Allocator.Error!*@TypeOf(value) {
+		try self.set(value);
+
+		return self.get(@TypeOf(value)).?;
+	}
+
+	pub fn set(self: *Table, value: anytype) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+		const Value = @TypeOf(value);
+		const value_id = type_id(Value);
+
+		if (self.table.get_ptr(value_id)) |entry| {
+			@as(*Value, @ptrCast(@alignCast(entry.ptr))).* = value;
+		} else {
+			const resource_allocator = self.arena.allocator();
+			const allocated_resource = try resource_allocator.create(Value);
+
+			errdefer resource_allocator.destroy(allocated_resource);
+
+			std.debug.assert(try self.table.emplace(value_id, .{
+				.ptr = allocated_resource,
+			}));
+
+			allocated_resource.* = value;
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+pub const TypeID = enum (usize) { _ };
+
+pub fn type_id(comptime T: type) TypeID {
+	const TypeHandle = struct {
+		comptime {
+			_ = T;
+		}
+
+		var byte: u8 = 0;
+	};
+
+	return @enumFromInt(@intFromPtr(&TypeHandle.byte));
+}

src/coral/scalars.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn add(a: anytype, b: anytype) ?@TypeOf(a + b) {
+	const result, const overflow = @addWithOverflow(a, b);
+
+	return if (overflow == 0) result else null;
+}
+
+pub fn fractional(value: anytype, fraction: anytype) ?@TypeOf(value) {
+	if (fraction < 0 or fraction > 1) {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	const Fraction = @TypeOf(fraction);
+
+	return switch (@typeInfo(Fraction)) {
+		.Float => @intFromFloat(@as(Fraction, @floatFromInt(value)) * fraction),
+		else => @compileError("`fraction` expected float type, not " ++ @typeName(Fraction)),
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn lerp_angle(origin_angle: anytype, target_angle: anytype, weight: anytype) @TypeOf(origin_angle, target_angle, weight) {
+	const angle_difference = @mod(target_angle - origin_angle, std.math.tau);
+	const distance = @mod(2.0 * angle_difference, std.math.tau) - angle_difference;
+
+	return origin_angle + distance * weight;
+}
+
+pub fn mul(a: anytype, b: anytype) ?@TypeOf(a * b) {
+	const result, const overflow = @mulWithOverflow(a, b);
+
+	return if (overflow == 0) result else null;
+}
+
+pub fn sub(a: anytype, b: anytype) ?@TypeOf(a - b) {
+	const result, const overflow = @subWithOverflow(a, b);
+
+	return if (overflow == 0) result else null;
+}

src/coral/slices.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+const io = @import("./io.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn ElementPtr(comptime Slice: type) type {
+	const pointer_info =  @typeInfo(Slice).Pointer;
+
+	return @Type(.{
+		.Pointer = .{
+			.size = .One,
+			.is_const = pointer_info.is_const,
+			.is_volatile = pointer_info.is_volatile,
+			.alignment = pointer_info.alignment,
+			.address_space = pointer_info.address_space,
+			.child = pointer_info.child,
+			.is_allowzero = false,
+			.sentinel = null,
+		},
+	});
+}
+
+pub fn Parallel(comptime Type: type) type {
+	const fields = @typeInfo(Type).Struct.fields;
+	const alignment = @alignOf(Type);
+
+	return struct {
+		len: usize = 0,
+		ptrs: [fields.len][*]align (alignment) io.Byte = undefined,
+
+		pub fn Element(comptime field: Field) type {
+			return fields[@intFromEnum(field)].type;
+		}
+
+		pub const Field = std.meta.FieldEnum(Type);
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		const all_fields = std.enums.values(Field);
+
+		pub fn ptr(self: Self, comptime field: Field) [*]align (alignment) Element(field) {
+			return @as([*]align (alignment) Element(field), @ptrCast(self.ptrs[@intFromEnum(field)]));
+		}
+
+		pub fn slice(self: Self, comptime field: Field) []align (alignment) Element(field) {
+			return self.ptr(field)[0 .. self.len];
+		}
+
+		pub fn slice_all(self: Self, off: usize, len: usize) ?Self {
+			if (len > self.len or off > len) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			var sliced = Self{.len = len};
+
+			inline for (0 .. fields.len) |i| {
+				sliced.ptrs[i] = @ptrFromInt(@intFromPtr(self.ptrs[i]) + (@sizeOf(Element(all_fields[i])) * off));
+			}
+
+			return sliced;
+		}
+
+		pub fn get(self: Self, comptime field: Field, index: usize) ?Element(field) {
+			if (index >= self.len) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			return self.ptr(field)[index];
+		}
+
+		pub fn get_ptr(self: Self, comptime field: Field, index: usize) ?*Element(field) {
+			if (index >= self.len) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			return &self.ptr(field)[index];
+		}
+
+		pub fn set(self: Self, comptime field: Field, index: usize, value: Element(field)) bool {
+			if (index >= self.len) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			self.slice(field)[index] = value;
+
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		pub fn set_all(self: Self, index: usize, value: Type) bool {
+			if (index >= self.len) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			inline for (0 .. fields.len) |i| {
+				self.slice(all_fields[i])[index] = @field(value, fields[i].name);
+			}
+
+			return true;
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn get(slice: anytype, index: usize) ?@typeInfo(@TypeOf(slice)).Pointer.child {
+	if (index >= slice.len) {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	return slice[index];
+}
+
+pub fn get_ptr(slice: anytype, index: usize) ?ElementPtr(@TypeOf(slice)) {
+	if (index >= slice.len) {
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	return &slice[index];
+}
+
+pub fn index_of(haystack: anytype, offset: usize, needle: std.meta.Child(@TypeOf(haystack))) ?usize {
+	for (offset .. haystack.len) |i| {
+		if (haystack[i] == needle) {
+			return i;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return null;
+}
+
+pub fn index_of_any(haystack: anytype, offset: usize, needle: []const std.meta.Child(@TypeOf(haystack))) ?usize {
+	return std.mem.indexOfAnyPos(std.meta.Child(@TypeOf(haystack)), haystack, offset, needle);
+}
+
+pub fn index_of_seq(haystack: anytype, offset: usize, needle: []const std.meta.Child(@TypeOf(haystack))) ?usize {
+	return std.mem.indexOfPos(std.meta.Child(@TypeOf(haystack)), haystack, offset, needle);
+}
+
+pub fn parallel_alloc(comptime Element: type, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, n: usize) std.mem.Allocator.Error!Parallel(Element) {
+	const alignment = @alignOf(Element);
+	const Slices = Parallel(Element);
+	var buffers = @as([std.enums.values(Slices.Field).len][]align (alignment) io.Byte, undefined);
+	var buffers_allocated = @as(usize, 0);
+	var allocated = Slices{.len = n};
+
+	errdefer {
+		for (0 .. buffers_allocated) |i| {
+			allocator.free(buffers[i]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	const fields = @typeInfo(Element).Struct.fields;
+
+	inline for (0 .. fields.len) |i| {
+		buffers[i] = try allocator.alignedAlloc(io.Byte, alignment, @sizeOf(fields[i].type) * n);
+		buffers_allocated += 1;
+		allocated.ptrs[i] = buffers[i].ptr;
+	}
+
+	return allocated;
+}
+
+pub fn parallel_copy(comptime Element: type, target: Parallel(Element), origin: Parallel(Element)) void {
+	inline for (comptime std.enums.values(Parallel(Element).Field)) |field| {
+		@memcpy(target.slice(field), origin.slice(field));
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn parallel_free(comptime Element: type, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, buffers: Parallel(Element)) void {
+	inline for (comptime std.enums.values(Parallel(Element).Field)) |field| {
+		allocator.free(buffers.slice(field));
+	}
+}

src/coral/slots.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+const slices = @import("./slices.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn Parallel(comptime Value: type) type {
+	const Slices = slices.Parallel(Value);
+	const alignment = @alignOf(Value);
+
+	return struct {
+		allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+		slices: slices.Parallel(Value) = .{},
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		pub fn len(self: Self) usize {
+			return self.slices.len;
+		}
+
+		pub fn values(self: *Self, comptime field: Slices.Field) []align (alignment) Slices.Element(field) {
+			return self.slices.slice(field);
+		}
+	};
+}

src/coral/stack.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+const io = @import("./io.zig");
+
+const scalars = @import("./scalars.zig");
+
+const slices = @import("./slices.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn Sequential(comptime Value: type) type {
+	return struct {
+		allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+		values: []Value = &.{},
+		cap: usize = 0,
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		pub fn clear(self: *Self) void {
+			self.values = self.values[0 .. 0];
+		}
+
+		pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+			if (self.cap == 0) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			self.allocator.free(self.values.ptr[0 .. self.cap]);
+
+			self.* = undefined;
+		}
+
+		pub fn grow(self: *Self, additional: usize) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+			const grown_capacity = self.cap + additional;
+			const buffer = try self.allocator.alloc(Value, grown_capacity);
+
+			errdefer self.allocator.deallocate(buffer);
+
+			if (self.cap != 0) {
+				@memcpy(buffer[0 .. self.values.len], self.values);
+				self.allocator.free(self.values.ptr[0 .. self.cap]);
+			}
+
+			self.values = @as([*]Value, @ptrCast(@alignCast(buffer)))[0 .. self.values.len];
+			self.cap = grown_capacity;
+		}
+
+		pub fn is_empty(self: Self) bool {
+			return self.values.len == 0;
+		}
+
+		pub fn get(self: Self) ?Value {
+			if (self.get_ptr()) |value| {
+				return value.*;
+			}
+
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		pub fn get_ptr(self: Self) ?*Value {
+			if (self.values.len == 0) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			return &self.values[self.values.len - 1];
+		}
+
+		pub fn len(self: Self) usize {
+			return self.values.len;
+		}
+
+		pub fn pop(self: *Self) bool {
+			if (self.values.len == 0) {
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			self.values = self.values[0 .. self.values.len - 1];
+
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		pub fn pop_many(self: *Self, n: usize) bool {
+			const new_length = scalars.sub(self.values.len, n) orelse {
+				return false;
+			};
+
+			self.values = self.values[0 .. new_length];
+
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		pub fn push(self: *Self, value: Value) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+			if (self.values.len == self.cap) {
+				try self.grow(@max(1, self.cap));
+			}
+
+			const offset_index = self.values.len;
+
+			self.values = self.values.ptr[0 .. self.values.len + 1];
+
+			self.values[offset_index] = value;
+		}
+
+		pub fn push_all(self: *Self, values: []const Value) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+			const new_length = self.values.len + values.len;
+
+			if (new_length > self.cap) {
+				try self.grow(new_length);
+			}
+
+			const offset_index = self.values.len;
+
+			self.values = self.values.ptr[0 .. new_length];
+
+			for (0 .. values.len) |index| {
+				self.values[offset_index + index] = values[index];
+			}
+		}
+
+		pub fn push_many(self: *Self, n: usize, value: Value) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+			const new_length = self.values.len + n;
+
+			if (new_length > self.cap) {
+				try self.grow(new_length);
+			}
+
+			const offset_index = self.values.len;
+
+			self.values = self.values.ptr[0 .. new_length];
+
+			for (0 .. n) |index| {
+				self.values[offset_index + index] = value;
+			}
+		}
+
+		pub fn resize(self: *Self, size: usize, default_value: Value) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+			if (self.cap == size) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			const values = try self.allocator.alloc(Value, size);
+
+			for (0 .. @min(values.len, self.values.len)) |i| {
+				values[i] = self.values[i];
+			}
+
+			if (values.len > self.values.len) {
+				for (self.values.len .. values.len) |i| {
+					values[i] = default_value;
+				}
+			}
+
+			self.values = values[0 .. values.len];
+			self.cap = values.len;
+		}
+
+		pub fn to_allocation(self: *Self, size: usize, default_value: Value) std.mem.Allocator.Error![]Value {
+			defer {
+				self.values = &.{};
+				self.cap = 0;
+			}
+
+			const allocation = try self.allocator.realloc(self.values.ptr[0 .. self.cap], size);
+
+			for (allocation[@min(self.values.len, size) .. size]) |*value| {
+				value.* = default_value;
+			}
+
+			return allocation;
+		}
+
+		pub const writer = switch (Value) {
+			io.Byte => struct {
+				fn writer(self: *Self) io.Writer {
+					return io.Writer.bind(Self, self, write);
+				}
+
+				fn write(self: *Self, buffer: []const io.Byte) io.Error!usize {
+					self.push_all(buffer) catch return error.UnavailableResource;
+
+					return buffer.len;
+				}
+			}.writer,
+
+			else => @compileError("only `Stack(Byte)` has a `reader()` method"),
+		};
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn Parallel(comptime Value: type) type {
+	const Slices = slices.Parallel(Value);
+	const alignment = @alignOf(Value);
+
+	return struct {
+		allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+		values: Slices = .{},
+		cap: usize = 0,
+
+		pub const Field = std.meta.FieldEnum(Value);
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		pub fn clear(self: *Self) void {
+			self.values = self.values.slice_all(0, 0);
+		}
+
+		pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+			var capacity_slice = self.values;
+
+			capacity_slice.len = self.cap;
+
+			slices.parallel_free(Value, self.allocator, capacity_slice);
+
+			self.* = undefined;
+		}
+
+		pub fn get_ptr(self: Self, comptime field: Slices.Field) ?*align (alignment) Slices.Element(field) {
+			if (self.len() == 0) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			return &self.slices.field_slice(field)[self.len() - 1];
+		}
+
+		pub fn grow(self: *Self, additional: usize) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+			const grown_capacity = self.cap + additional;
+			const buffer = try slices.parallel_alloc(Value, self.allocator, grown_capacity);
+
+			if (self.cap != 0) {
+				slices.parallel_copy(Value, buffer.slice_all(0, self.values.len).?, self.values);
+				slices.parallel_free(Value, self.allocator, self.values.slice_all(0, self.cap).?);
+			}
+
+			self.cap = grown_capacity;
+			self.values = buffer.slice_all(0, self.values.len).?;
+		}
+
+		pub fn len(self: Self) usize {
+			return self.values.len;
+		}
+
+		pub fn push(self: *Self, value: Value) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+			if (self.len() == self.cap) {
+				try self.grow(@max(1, self.cap));
+			}
+
+			const tail_index = self.values.len;
+
+			self.values.len += 1;
+
+			std.debug.assert(self.values.set_all(tail_index, value));
+		}
+	};
+}

src/coral/system.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+const dag = @import("./dag.zig");
+
+const heap = @import("./heap.zig");
+
+const map = @import("./map.zig");
+
+const resource = @import("./resource.zig");
+
+const slices = @import("./slices.zig");
+
+const stack = @import("./stack.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+const World = @import("./World.zig");
+
+pub const BindContext = struct {
+	node: dag.Node,
+	systems: *Schedule,
+	world: *World,
+
+	pub const ResourceAccess = std.meta.Tag(Schedule.ResourceAccess);
+
+	pub fn accesses_resource(self: BindContext, access: ResourceAccess, id: resource.TypeID) bool {
+		const resource_accesses = &self.systems.graph.get_ptr(self.node).?.resource_accesses;
+
+		for (resource_accesses.values) |resource_access| {
+			switch (resource_access) {
+				.read_only => |resource_id| {
+					if (access == .read_only and resource_id == id) {
+						return true;
+					}
+				},
+
+				.read_write => |resource_id| {
+					if (access == .read_write and resource_id == id) {
+						return true;
+					}
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	pub fn register_read_write_resource_access(self: BindContext, thread_restriction: World.ThreadRestriction, comptime Resource: type) std.mem.Allocator.Error!?*Resource {
+		const value = self.world.get_resource(thread_restriction, Resource) orelse {
+			return null;
+		};
+
+		const id = resource.type_id(Resource);
+
+		if (!self.accesses_resource(.read_write, id)) {
+			try self.systems.graph.get_ptr(self.node).?.resource_accesses.push(.{.read_write = id});
+		}
+
+		const read_write_resource_nodes = lazily_create: {
+			break: lazily_create self.systems.read_write_resource_id_nodes.get_ptr(id) orelse insert: {
+				std.debug.assert(try self.systems.read_write_resource_id_nodes.emplace(id, .{
+					.allocator = heap.allocator,
+				}));
+
+				break: insert self.systems.read_write_resource_id_nodes.get_ptr(id).?;
+			};
+		};
+
+		if (slices.index_of(read_write_resource_nodes.values, 0, self.node) == null) {
+			try read_write_resource_nodes.push(self.node);
+		}
+
+		return value;
+	}
+
+	pub fn register_read_only_resource_access(self: BindContext, thread_restriction: World.ThreadRestriction, comptime Resource: type) std.mem.Allocator.Error!?*const Resource {
+		const value = self.world.get_resource(thread_restriction, Resource) orelse {
+			return null;
+		};
+
+		const id = resource.type_id(Resource);
+
+		if (!self.accesses_resource(.read_only, id)) {
+			try self.systems.graph.get_ptr(self.node).?.resource_accesses.push(.{.read_only = id});
+		}
+
+		const read_only_resource_nodes = lazily_create: {
+			break: lazily_create self.systems.read_only_resource_id_nodes.get_ptr(id) orelse insert: {
+				std.debug.assert(try self.systems.read_only_resource_id_nodes.emplace(id, .{
+					.allocator = heap.allocator,
+				}));
+
+				break: insert self.systems.read_only_resource_id_nodes.get_ptr(id).?;
+			};
+		};
+
+		if (slices.index_of(read_only_resource_nodes.values, 0, self.node) == null) {
+			try read_only_resource_nodes.push(self.node);
+		}
+
+		return value;
+	}
+};
+
+pub const Info = struct {
+	execute: *const fn ([]const *const Parameter, *const [max_parameters]?*anyopaque) anyerror!void,
+	parameters: [max_parameters]*const Parameter = undefined,
+	parameter_count: u4 = 0,
+	thread_restriction: World.ThreadRestriction = .none,
+
+	pub const Parameter = struct {
+		thread_restriction: World.ThreadRestriction,
+		init: *const fn (*anyopaque, ?*anyopaque) void,
+		bind: *const fn (std.mem.Allocator, BindContext) std.mem.Allocator.Error!?*anyopaque,
+		unbind: *const fn (std.mem.Allocator, ?*anyopaque) void,
+	};
+
+	pub fn used_parameters(self: *const Info) []const *const Parameter {
+		return self.parameters[0 .. self.parameter_count];
+	}
+};
+
+pub const Order = struct {
+	label: []const u8 = "",
+	run_after: []const *const Info = &.{},
+	run_before: []const *const Info = &.{},
+};
+
+pub const Schedule = struct {
+	label: [:0]const u8,
+	graph: Graph,
+	arena: std.heap.ArenaAllocator,
+	system_id_nodes: map.Hashed(usize, NodeBundle, map.usize_traits),
+	read_write_resource_id_nodes: ResourceNodeBundle,
+	read_only_resource_id_nodes: ResourceNodeBundle,
+	parallel_work_bundles: ParallelNodeBundles,
+	blocking_work: NodeBundle,
+
+	const Dependency = struct {
+		kind: Kind,
+		id: usize,
+
+		const Kind = enum {
+			after,
+			before,
+		};
+	};
+
+	const Graph = dag.Graph(struct {
+		info: *const Info,
+		label: [:0]u8,
+		dependencies: []Dependency,
+		parameter_states: [max_parameters]?*anyopaque = [_]?*anyopaque{null} ** max_parameters,
+		resource_accesses: stack.Sequential(ResourceAccess),
+	});
+
+	const NodeBundle = stack.Sequential(dag.Node);
+
+	const ParallelNodeBundles = stack.Sequential(NodeBundle);
+
+	const ResourceAccess = union (enum) {
+		read_only: resource.TypeID,
+		read_write: resource.TypeID,
+	};
+
+	const ResourceNodeBundle = map.Hashed(resource.TypeID, NodeBundle, map.enum_traits(resource.TypeID));
+
+	pub fn deinit(self: *Schedule) void {
+		{
+			var nodes = self.system_id_nodes.entries();
+
+			while (nodes.next()) |node| {
+				node.value.deinit();
+			}
+		}
+
+		{
+			var nodes = self.read_write_resource_id_nodes.entries();
+
+			while (nodes.next()) |node| {
+				node.value.deinit();
+			}
+		}
+
+		{
+			var nodes = self.read_only_resource_id_nodes.entries();
+
+			while (nodes.next()) |node| {
+				node.value.deinit();
+			}
+		}
+
+		var nodes = self.graph.nodes();
+
+		while (nodes.next()) |node| {
+			const system = self.graph.get_ptr(node).?;
+
+			for (system.info.used_parameters(), system.parameter_states[0 .. system.info.parameter_count]) |parameter, state| {
+				parameter.unbind(self.arena.allocator(), state);
+			}
+
+			system.resource_accesses.deinit();
+			heap.allocator.free(system.dependencies);
+			heap.allocator.free(system.label);
+		}
+
+		for (self.parallel_work_bundles.values) |*bundle| {
+			bundle.deinit();
+		}
+
+		self.parallel_work_bundles.deinit();
+		self.blocking_work.deinit();
+		self.graph.deinit();
+		self.system_id_nodes.deinit();
+		self.read_write_resource_id_nodes.deinit();
+		self.read_only_resource_id_nodes.deinit();
+		self.arena.deinit();
+	}
+
+	pub fn run(self: *Schedule, world: *World) anyerror!void {
+		if (self.is_invalidated()) {
+			const work = struct {
+				fn regenerate_graph(schedule: *Schedule) !void {
+					schedule.graph.clear_edges();
+
+					var nodes = schedule.graph.nodes();
+
+					while (nodes.next()) |node| {
+						const system = schedule.graph.get_ptr(node).?;
+
+						for (system.dependencies) |order| {
+							const dependencies = schedule.system_id_nodes.get(@intFromPtr(system.info)) orelse {
+								@panic("unable to resolve missing explicit system dependency");
+							};
+
+							if (dependencies.is_empty()) {
+								@panic("unable to resolve missing explicit system dependency");
+							}
+
+							switch (order.kind) {
+								.after => {
+									for (dependencies.values) |dependency_node| {
+										std.debug.assert(try schedule.graph.insert_edge(node, dependency_node));
+									}
+								},
+
+								.before => {
+									for (dependencies.values) |dependency_node| {
+										std.debug.assert(try schedule.graph.insert_edge(dependency_node, node));
+									}
+								},
+							}
+						}
+
+						for (system.resource_accesses.values) |resource_access| {
+							switch (resource_access) {
+								.read_write => |resource_id| {
+									const read_write_dependencies = schedule.read_write_resource_id_nodes.get(resource_id) orelse {
+										@panic("unable to resolve missing implicit read-write parameter dependency");
+									};
+
+									for (read_write_dependencies.values) |dependency_node| {
+										std.debug.assert(try schedule.graph.insert_edge(node, dependency_node));
+									}
+
+									if (schedule.read_only_resource_id_nodes.get(resource_id)) |dependencies| {
+										for (dependencies.values) |dependency_node| {
+											std.debug.assert(try schedule.graph.insert_edge(node, dependency_node));
+										}
+									}
+								},
+
+								.read_only => |resource_id| {
+									if (schedule.read_only_resource_id_nodes.get(resource_id)) |dependencies| {
+										for (dependencies.values) |dependency_node| {
+											std.debug.assert(try schedule.graph.insert_edge(node, dependency_node));
+										}
+									}
+								},
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				fn populate_bundle(bundle: *NodeBundle, graph: *Graph, node: dag.Node) !void {
+					std.debug.assert(graph.mark_visited(node));
+
+					for (graph.edge_nodes(node).?) |edge| {
+						if (graph.visited(edge).?) {
+							continue;
+						}
+
+						try populate_bundle(bundle, graph, edge);
+					}
+
+					try bundle.push(node);
+				}
+
+				fn sort(schedule: *Schedule) !void {
+					defer schedule.graph.reset_visited();
+
+					var nodes = schedule.graph.nodes();
+
+					while (nodes.next()) |node| {
+						if (schedule.graph.visited(node).?) {
+							continue;
+						}
+
+						try schedule.parallel_work_bundles.push(.{.allocator = heap.allocator});
+
+						const bundle = schedule.parallel_work_bundles.get_ptr().?;
+
+						errdefer {
+							bundle.deinit();
+							std.debug.assert(schedule.parallel_work_bundles.pop());
+						}
+
+						try populate_bundle(bundle, &schedule.graph, node);
+					}
+
+					for (schedule.parallel_work_bundles.values) |*work| {
+						var index = @as(usize, 0);
+
+						while (index < work.len()) : (index += 1) {
+							const node = work.values[index];
+
+							switch (schedule.graph.get_ptr(node).?.info.thread_restriction) {
+								.none => continue,
+
+								.main => {
+									const extracted_work = work.values[index ..];
+
+									try schedule.blocking_work.push_all(extracted_work);
+
+									std.debug.assert(work.pop_many(extracted_work.len));
+								},
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			};
+
+			try work.regenerate_graph(self);
+			try work.sort(self);
+		}
+
+		// TODO: Refactor so the thread pool is a global resource rather than owned per-world.
+		if (world.thread_pool) |thread_pool| {
+			const parallel = struct {
+				fn run(work_group: *std.Thread.WaitGroup, graph: Graph, bundle: NodeBundle) void {
+					defer work_group.finish();
+
+					for (bundle.values) |node| {
+						const system = graph.get_ptr(node).?;
+
+						// TODO: std lib thread pool sucks for many reasons and this is one of them.
+						system.info.execute(system.info.used_parameters(), &system.parameter_states) catch unreachable;
+					}
+				}
+			};
+
+			var work_group = std.Thread.WaitGroup{};
+
+			for (self.parallel_work_bundles.values) |bundle| {
+				work_group.start();
+
+				try thread_pool.spawn(parallel.run, .{&work_group, self.graph, bundle});
+			}
+
+			thread_pool.waitAndWork(&work_group);
+		} else {
+			for (self.parallel_work_bundles.values) |bundle| {
+				for (bundle.values) |node| {
+					const system = self.graph.get_ptr(node).?;
+
+					try system.info.execute(system.info.used_parameters(), &system.parameter_states);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		for (self.blocking_work.values) |node| {
+			const system = self.graph.get_ptr(node).?;
+
+			try system.info.execute(system.info.used_parameters(), &system.parameter_states);
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn init(label: []const u8) std.mem.Allocator.Error!Schedule {
+		var arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(heap.allocator);
+
+		errdefer arena.deinit();
+
+		const duped_label = try arena.allocator().dupeZ(u8, label);
+
+		return .{
+			.graph = Graph.init(heap.allocator),
+			.label = duped_label,
+			.arena = arena,
+			.system_id_nodes = .{.allocator = heap.allocator},
+			.read_write_resource_id_nodes = .{.allocator = heap.allocator},
+			.read_only_resource_id_nodes = .{.allocator = heap.allocator},
+			.parallel_work_bundles = .{.allocator = heap.allocator},
+			.blocking_work = .{.allocator = heap.allocator},
+		};
+	}
+
+	pub fn invalidate_work(self: *Schedule) void {
+		self.blocking_work.clear();
+
+		for (self.parallel_work_bundles.values) |*bundle| {
+			bundle.deinit();
+		}
+
+		self.parallel_work_bundles.clear();
+	}
+
+	pub fn is_invalidated(self: Schedule) bool {
+		return self.parallel_work_bundles.is_empty() and self.blocking_work.is_empty();
+	}
+
+	pub fn then(self: *Schedule, world: *World, info: *const Info, order: Order) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+		const nodes = lazily_create: {
+			const system_id = @intFromPtr(info);
+
+			break: lazily_create self.system_id_nodes.get_ptr(system_id) orelse insert: {
+				std.debug.assert(try self.system_id_nodes.emplace(system_id, .{
+					.allocator = self.system_id_nodes.allocator,
+				}));
+
+				break: insert self.system_id_nodes.get_ptr(system_id).?;
+			};
+		};
+
+		const dependencies = init: {
+			const total_run_orders = order.run_after.len + order.run_before.len;
+			const dependencies = try heap.allocator.alloc(Dependency, total_run_orders);
+			var dependencies_written = @as(usize, 0);
+
+			for (order.run_after) |after_system| {
+				dependencies[dependencies_written] = .{
+					.id = @intFromPtr(after_system),
+					.kind = .after,
+				};
+
+				dependencies_written += 1;
+			}
+
+			for (order.run_before) |before_system| {
+				dependencies[dependencies_written] = .{
+					.id = @intFromPtr(before_system),
+					.kind = .before,
+				};
+
+				dependencies_written += 1;
+			}
+
+			break: init dependencies;
+		};
+
+		errdefer heap.allocator.free(dependencies);
+
+		const label = try heap.allocator.dupeZ(u8, if (order.label.len == 0) "anonymous system" else order.label);
+
+		errdefer heap.allocator.free(label);
+
+		const node = try self.graph.append(.{
+			.info = info,
+			.label = label,
+			.dependencies = dependencies,
+			.resource_accesses = .{.allocator = heap.allocator},
+		});
+
+		const system = self.graph.get_ptr(node).?;
+
+		errdefer {
+			for (info.used_parameters(), system.parameter_states[0 .. info.parameter_count]) |parameter, state| {
+				if (state) |initialized_state| {
+					parameter.unbind(self.arena.allocator(), initialized_state);
+				}
+			}
+
+			std.debug.assert(self.graph.remove_node(node) != null);
+		}
+
+		for (system.parameter_states[0 .. info.parameter_count], info.used_parameters()) |*state, parameter| {
+			state.* = try parameter.bind(self.arena.allocator(), .{
+				.world = world,
+				.node = node,
+				.systems = self,
+			});
+		}
+
+		try nodes.push(node);
+
+		self.invalidate_work();
+	}
+};
+
+pub const max_parameters = 16;

src/coral/utf8.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+const ascii = @import("./ascii.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("./coral.zig");
+
+const debug = @import("./debug.zig");
+
+const io = @import("./io.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn alloc_formatted(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) std.mem.Allocator.Error![]coral.Byte {
+	var buffer = coral.Stack(coral.Byte){.allocator = allocator};
+	const formatted_len = count_formatted(format, args);
+
+	try buffer.grow(formatted_len);
+
+	errdefer buffer.deinit();
+
+	debug.assert_try(print_formatted(buffer.writer(), format, args));
+
+	return buffer.to_allocation(formatted_len, 0);
+}
+
+fn count_formatted(comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) usize {
+	var count = io.defaultWritable{};
+
+	debug.assert_try(print_formatted(count.writer(), format, args));
+
+	return count.written;
+}
+
+pub fn print_formatted(writer: io.Writer, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) io.PrintError!void {
+	switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(args))) {
+		.Struct => |arguments_struct| {
+			comptime var arg_index = 0;
+			comptime var head = 0;
+			comptime var tail = 0;
+
+			inline while (tail < format.len) : (tail += 1) {
+				if (format[tail] == '{') {
+					if (tail > format.len) {
+						@compileError("expected an idenifier after opening `{`");
+					}
+
+					tail += 1;
+
+					switch (format[tail]) {
+						'{' => {
+							try io.print(writer, format[head .. (tail - 1)]);
+
+							tail += 1;
+							head = tail;
+						},
+
+						'}' => {
+							if (!arguments_struct.is_tuple) {
+								@compileError("all format specifiers must be named when using a named struct");
+							}
+
+							try io.print(writer, args[arg_index]);
+
+							arg_index += 1;
+							tail += 1;
+							head = tail;
+						},
+
+						else => {
+							if (arguments_struct.is_tuple) {
+								@compileError("format specifiers cannot be named when using a tuple struct");
+							}
+
+							try io.print(writer, format[head .. (tail - 1)]);
+
+							head = tail;
+							tail += 1;
+
+							if (tail >= format.len) {
+								@compileError("expected closing `}` or another `{` after opening `{`");
+							}
+
+							std.debug.assert(tail < format.len);
+
+							inline while (format[tail] != '}') {
+								tail += 1;
+
+								std.debug.assert(tail < format.len);
+							}
+
+							try print_formatted_value(writer, @field(args, format[head .. tail]));
+
+							tail += 1;
+							head = tail;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			try io.print(writer, format[head .. ]);
+		},
+
+		else => @compileError("`arguments` must be a struct type"),
+	}
+}
+
+noinline fn print_formatted_value(writer: io.Writer, value: anytype) io.PrintError!void {
+	const Value = @TypeOf(value);
+
+	return switch (@typeInfo(Value)) {
+		.Int => ascii.DecimalFormat.default.print(writer, value),
+		.Float => ascii.DecimalFormat.default.print(writer, value),
+		.Enum => io.print(writer, @tagName(value)),
+
+		.Pointer => |pointer| switch (pointer.size) {
+			.Many, .C => ascii.HexadecimalFormat.default.print(writer, @intFromPtr(value)),
+			.One => if (pointer.child == []const u8) io.print(writer, *value) else ascii.HexadecimalFormat.default.print(writer, @intFromPtr(value)),
+			.Slice => if (pointer.child == u8) io.print(writer, value) else @compileError(unformattableMessage(Value)),
+		},
+
+		else => @compileError(unformattableMessage(Value)),
+	};
+}
+
+const root = @This();
+
+fn unformattableMessage(comptime Value: type) []const u8 {
+	return "type `" ++ @typeName(Value) ++ "` is not formattable with this formatter";
+}

src/coral/vectors.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub fn cross(v1: anytype, v2: anytype) @typeInfo(@TypeOf(v1, v2)).Vector.child {
+	const multipled = v1 * v2;
+	const vector_info = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(v1)).Vector;
+	var result = multipled[0];
+	comptime var index = @as(usize, 1);
+
+	inline while (index < vector_info.len) : (index += 1) {
+		result -= multipled[index];
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+pub fn distance(v1: anytype, v2: anytype) @typeInfo(@TypeOf(v1, v2)).Vector.child {
+	return length(v1 - v2);
+}
+
+pub fn dot(v1: anytype, v2: anytype) @typeInfo(@TypeOf(v1, v2)).Vector.child {
+	const multipled = v1 * v2;
+	const vector_info = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(v1)).Vector;
+	var result = multipled[0];
+	comptime var index = @as(usize, 1);
+
+	inline while (index < vector_info.len) : (index += 1) {
+		result += multipled[index];
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+pub fn length(v: anytype) @typeInfo(@TypeOf(v)).Vector.child {
+	return @sqrt(length_squared(v));
+}
+
+pub fn length_squared(v: anytype) @typeInfo(@TypeOf(v)).Vector.child {
+	return dot(v, v);
+}
+
+pub fn normal(v: anytype) @TypeOf(v) {
+	const ls = length_squared(v);
+	const Vector = @TypeOf(v);
+
+	if (ls > std.math.floatEps(@typeInfo(Vector).Vector.child)) {
+		return v / @as(Vector, @splat(@sqrt(ls)));
+	}
+
+	return v;
+}

src/main.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+const ona = @import("ona");
+
+const Actors = struct {
+	instances: coral.stack.Sequential(ona.gfx.Queue.Instance2D) = .{.allocator = coral.heap.allocator},
+	move_x: ona.act.Axis = .{.keys = .{.a, .d}},
+	move_y: ona.act.Axis = .{.keys = .{.w, .s}},
+};
+
+pub fn main() !void {
+	try ona.start_app(setup, .{
+		.tick_rate = 60,
+		.execution = .{.thread_share = 0.1},
+	});
+}
+
+fn load(display: coral.ReadBlocking(ona.gfx.Display), actors: coral.Write(Actors)) !void {
+	display.res.resize(1280, 720);
+
+	try actors.res.instances.push_many(800, .{
+		.origin = .{75, 75},
+		.xbasis = .{100, 0},
+		.ybasis = .{0, 100},
+		.color = ona.gfx.color.compress(ona.gfx.color.rgb(1, 0, 0)),
+	});
+}
+
+fn exit(actors: coral.Write(Actors)) void {
+	actors.res.instances.deinit();
+}
+
+fn render(gfx: ona.gfx.Queue, actors: coral.Write(Actors)) !void {
+	try gfx.buffer.draw_2d(.{
+		.mesh_2d = gfx.primitives.quad_mesh,
+		.instances = actors.res.instances.values,
+	});
+}
+
+fn update(actors: coral.Write(Actors), mapping: coral.Read(ona.act.Mapping)) !void {
+	actors.res.instances.values[0].origin += .{
+		mapping.res.axis_strength(actors.res.move_x),
+		mapping.res.axis_strength(actors.res.move_y),
+	};
+}
+
+fn setup(world: *coral.World, events: ona.App.Events) !void {
+	try world.set_resource(.none, Actors{});
+
+	try world.on_event(events.load, coral.system_fn(load), .{.label = "load"});
+	try world.on_event(events.update, coral.system_fn(update), .{.label = "update"});
+	try world.on_event(events.exit, coral.system_fn(exit), .{.label = "exit"});
+	try world.on_event(events.render, coral.system_fn(render), .{.label = "render actors"});
+}

src/ona/App.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+events: *const Events,
+target_frame_time: f64,
+is_running: bool,
+
+pub const Events = struct {
+	load: coral.World.Event,
+	pre_update: coral.World.Event,
+	update: coral.World.Event,
+	post_update: coral.World.Event,
+	render: coral.World.Event,
+	finish: coral.World.Event,
+	exit: coral.World.Event,
+};
+
+const Self = @This();
+
+pub fn quit(self: *Self) void {
+	self.is_running = false;
+}
+

src/ona/act.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+const App = @import("./App.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const gfx = @import("./gfx.zig");
+
+const msg = @import("./msg.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub const Axis = struct {
+	keys: ?[2]gfx.Input.Key = null,
+};
+
+pub const Mapping = struct {
+	keys_pressed: ScancodeSet = ScancodeSet.initEmpty(),
+	keys_held: ScancodeSet = ScancodeSet.initEmpty(),
+
+	const ScancodeSet = std.bit_set.StaticBitSet(512);
+
+	pub fn axis_strength(self: Mapping, axis: Axis) f32 {
+		if (axis.keys) |keys| {
+			const key_down, const key_up = keys;
+			const is_key_down_held = self.keys_held.isSet(key_down.scancode());
+			const is_key_up_held = self.keys_held.isSet(key_up.scancode());
+
+			if (is_key_down_held or is_key_up_held) {
+				return
+					@as(f32, @floatFromInt(@intFromBool(is_key_up_held))) -
+					@as(f32, @floatFromInt(@intFromBool(is_key_down_held)));
+			}
+		}
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+};
+
+pub fn setup(world: *coral.World, events: App.Events) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+	try world.set_resource(.none, Mapping{});
+
+	try world.on_event(events.pre_update, coral.system_fn(update), .{
+		.label = "update act",
+	});
+}
+
+pub fn update(inputs: msg.Receive(gfx.Input), mapping: coral.Write(Mapping)) void {
+	mapping.res.keys_pressed = Mapping.ScancodeSet.initEmpty();
+
+	for (inputs.messages()) |message| {
+		switch (message) {
+			.key_down => |key| {
+				mapping.res.keys_pressed.set(key.scancode());
+				mapping.res.keys_held.set(key.scancode());
+			},
+
+			.key_up => |key| {
+				mapping.res.keys_held.unset(key.scancode());
+			},
+		}
+	}
+}

src/ona/ext.zig

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 pub usingnamespace @cImport({
 	@cInclude("SDL2/SDL.h");
 });

src/ona/gfx.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+const App = @import("./App.zig");
+
+const Device = @import("./gfx/Device.zig");
+
+pub const Queue = @import("./gfx/Queue.zig");
+
+pub const color = @import("./gfx/color.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const ext = @import("./ext.zig");
+
+const msg = @import("./msg.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub const Display = struct {
+	sdl_window: *ext.SDL_Window,
+	clear_color: color.Value = color.black,
+	device: Device,
+
+	pub fn resize(self: Display, width: u16, height: u16) void {
+		ext.SDL_SetWindowSize(self.sdl_window, width, height);
+	}
+
+	pub fn retitle(self: Display, title: []const u8) void {
+		var sentineled_title = [_:0]u8{0} ** 255;
+
+		@memcpy(sentineled_title[0 .. @min(title.len, sentineled_title.len)], title);
+		ext.SDL_SetWindowTitle(self.sdl_window, &sentineled_title);
+	}
+
+	pub fn set_resizable(self: Display, resizable: bool) void {
+		ext.SDL_SetWindowResizable(self.sdl_window, @intFromBool(resizable));
+	}
+};
+
+pub const Error = error {
+	SDLError,
+};
+
+pub const Handle = Queue.Handle;
+
+pub const Input = union (enum) {
+	key_up: Key,
+	key_down: Key,
+
+	pub const Key = enum (u32) {
+		a = ext.SDL_SCANCODE_A,
+		d = ext.SDL_SCANCODE_D,
+		s = ext.SDL_SCANCODE_S,
+		w = ext.SDL_SCANCODE_W,
+
+		pub fn scancode(key: Key) u32 {
+			return @intFromEnum(key);
+		}
+	};
+};
+
+pub const MeshPrimitives = struct {
+	quad_mesh: Handle,
+};
+
+pub fn poll(app: coral.Write(App), inputs: msg.Send(Input)) !void {
+	var event = @as(ext.SDL_Event, undefined);
+
+	while (ext.SDL_PollEvent(&event) != 0) {
+		switch (event.type) {
+			ext.SDL_QUIT => app.res.quit(),
+			ext.SDL_KEYUP => try inputs.push(.{.key_up = @enumFromInt(event.key.keysym.scancode)}),
+			ext.SDL_KEYDOWN => try inputs.push(.{.key_down = @enumFromInt(event.key.keysym.scancode)}),
+			else => {},
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn setup(world: *coral.World, events: App.Events) (Error || std.Thread.SpawnError || std.mem.Allocator.Error)!void {
+	if (ext.SDL_Init(ext.SDL_INIT_VIDEO) != 0) {
+		return error.SDLError;
+	}
+
+	const sdl_window = create: {
+		const position = ext.SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED;
+		const flags = ext.SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL;
+		const width = 640;
+		const height = 480;
+
+		break: create ext.SDL_CreateWindow("Ona", position, position, width, height, flags) orelse {
+			return error.SDLError;
+		};
+	};
+
+	errdefer ext.SDL_DestroyWindow(sdl_window);
+
+	var device = try Device.init(sdl_window);
+
+	errdefer device.deinit();
+
+	try world.set_resource(.main, Display{
+		.device = device,
+		.sdl_window = sdl_window,
+	});
+
+	try world.on_event(events.pre_update, coral.system_fn(poll), .{.label = "poll gfx"});
+	try world.on_event(events.exit, coral.system_fn(stop), .{.label = "stop gfx"});
+	try world.on_event(events.finish, coral.system_fn(submit), .{.label = "submit gfx"});
+}
+
+pub fn stop(display: coral.WriteBlocking(Display)) void {
+	display.res.device.deinit();
+	ext.SDL_DestroyWindow(display.res.sdl_window);
+}
+
+pub fn submit(display: coral.WriteBlocking(Display)) void {
+	display.res.device.submit(display.res.sdl_window, display.res.clear_color);
+}

src/ona/gfx/Device.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+const Queue = @import("./Queue.zig");
+
+const color = @import("./color.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const draw_2d = @import("./shaders/draw_2d.glsl.zig");
+
+const ext = @import("../ext.zig");
+
+const sokol = @import("sokol");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+thread: std.Thread,
+render_state: *RenderState,
+
+const AtomicBool = std.atomic.Value(bool);
+
+const RenderWork = struct {
+	pipeline_2d: sokol.gfx.Pipeline,
+	instance_2d_buffers: coral.stack.Sequential(sokol.gfx.Buffer),
+	resources: coral.stack.Sequential(Resource),
+
+	const Resource = union (enum) {
+		mesh_2d: struct {
+			index_count: u32,
+			vertex_buffer: sokol.gfx.Buffer,
+			index_buffer: sokol.gfx.Buffer,
+		},
+	};
+
+	const buffer_indices = .{
+		.mesh = 0,
+		.instance = 1,
+	};
+
+	fn deinit(self: *RenderWork) void {
+		sokol.gfx.destroyPipeline(self.pipeline_2d);
+
+		for (self.instance_2d_buffers.values) |buffer| {
+			sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(buffer);
+		}
+
+		self.instance_2d_buffers.deinit();
+
+		for (self.resources.values) |resource| {
+			switch (resource) {
+				.mesh_2d => |mesh_2d| {
+					sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(mesh_2d.vertex_buffer);
+					sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(mesh_2d.index_buffer);
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		self.resources.deinit();
+
+		self.* = undefined;
+	}
+
+	fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator) RenderWork {
+		return .{
+			.pipeline_2d = sokol.gfx.makePipeline(.{
+				.label = "2D drawing pipeline",
+
+				.layout = .{
+					.attrs = get: {
+						var attrs = [_]sokol.gfx.VertexAttrState{.{}} ** 16;
+
+						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_mesh_xy] = .{
+							.format = .FLOAT2,
+							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.mesh,
+						};
+
+						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_xbasis] = .{
+							.format = .FLOAT2,
+							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.instance,
+						};
+
+						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_ybasis] = .{
+							.format = .FLOAT2,
+							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.instance,
+						};
+
+						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_origin] = .{
+							.format = .FLOAT2,
+							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.instance,
+						};
+
+						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_color] = .{
+							.format = .UBYTE4N,
+							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.instance,
+						};
+
+						attrs[draw_2d.ATTR_vs_instance_depth] = .{
+							.format = .FLOAT,
+							.buffer_index = buffer_indices.instance,
+						};
+
+						break: get attrs;
+					},
+
+					.buffers = get: {
+						var buffers = [_]sokol.gfx.VertexBufferLayoutState{.{}} ** 8;
+
+						buffers[buffer_indices.instance].step_func = .PER_INSTANCE;
+
+						break: get buffers;
+					},
+				},
+
+				.shader = sokol.gfx.makeShader(draw_2d.draw2dShaderDesc(sokol.gfx.queryBackend())),
+				.index_type = .UINT16,
+			}),
+
+			.instance_2d_buffers = .{.allocator = coral.heap.allocator},
+			.resources = .{.allocator = allocator},
+		};
+	}
+
+	fn process_draw_2d_commands(self: *RenderWork, commands: []const Queue.Buffer.Draw2DCommand, target: Queue.Target) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+		const max_instances = 512;
+		var instance_2d_buffers_used = @as(usize, 0);
+
+		sokol.gfx.applyPipeline(self.pipeline_2d);
+
+		sokol.gfx.applyUniforms(.VS, draw_2d.SLOT_Screen, sokol.gfx.asRange(&draw_2d.Screen{
+			.screen_size = .{target.width, target.height},
+		}));
+
+		for (commands) |command| {
+			const mesh_2d = &self.resources.values[command.mesh_2d.index().?].mesh_2d;
+
+			const instance_size = @sizeOf(Queue.Instance2D);
+			const full_instance_buffer_count = command.instances.len / max_instances;
+
+			for (0 .. full_instance_buffer_count) |i| {
+				defer instance_2d_buffers_used += 1;
+
+				if (instance_2d_buffers_used == self.instance_2d_buffers.len()) {
+					const instance_2d_buffer = sokol.gfx.makeBuffer(.{
+						.size = @sizeOf(Queue.Instance2D) * max_instances,
+						.usage = .STREAM,
+						.label = "2D drawing instance buffer",
+					});
+
+					errdefer sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(instance_2d_buffer);
+
+					try self.instance_2d_buffers.push(instance_2d_buffer);
+				}
+
+				sokol.gfx.applyBindings(.{
+					.vertex_buffers = get_buffers: {
+						var buffers = [_]sokol.gfx.Buffer{.{}} ** 8;
+
+						buffers[buffer_indices.instance] = self.instance_2d_buffers.values[instance_2d_buffers_used];
+						buffers[buffer_indices.mesh] = mesh_2d.vertex_buffer;
+
+						break: get_buffers buffers;
+					},
+
+					.index_buffer = mesh_2d.index_buffer,
+				});
+
+				sokol.gfx.updateBuffer(self.instance_2d_buffers.values[instance_2d_buffers_used], .{
+					.ptr = command.instances.ptr + (max_instances * i),
+					.size = instance_size * max_instances,
+				});
+
+				sokol.gfx.draw(0, mesh_2d.index_count, max_instances);
+			}
+
+			defer instance_2d_buffers_used += 1;
+
+			if (instance_2d_buffers_used == self.instance_2d_buffers.len()) {
+				const instance_2d_buffer = sokol.gfx.makeBuffer(.{
+					.size = @sizeOf(Queue.Instance2D) * max_instances,
+					.usage = .STREAM,
+					.label = "2D drawing instance buffer",
+				});
+
+				errdefer sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(instance_2d_buffer);
+
+				try self.instance_2d_buffers.push(instance_2d_buffer);
+			}
+
+			sokol.gfx.applyBindings(.{
+				.vertex_buffers = get_buffers: {
+					var buffers = [_]sokol.gfx.Buffer{.{}} ** 8;
+
+					buffers[buffer_indices.instance] = self.instance_2d_buffers.values[instance_2d_buffers_used];
+					buffers[buffer_indices.mesh] = mesh_2d.vertex_buffer;
+
+					break: get_buffers buffers;
+				},
+
+				.index_buffer = mesh_2d.index_buffer,
+			});
+
+			const remaining_instances = command.instances.len % max_instances;
+
+			sokol.gfx.updateBuffer(self.instance_2d_buffers.values[instance_2d_buffers_used], .{
+				.ptr = command.instances.ptr + full_instance_buffer_count,
+				.size = instance_size * remaining_instances,
+			});
+
+			sokol.gfx.draw(0, mesh_2d.index_count, @intCast(remaining_instances));
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn process_queue(self: *RenderWork, buffer: *const Queue.Buffer, target: Queue.Target) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+		for (buffer.open_commands.values) |command| {
+			switch (command.resource) {
+				.texture => {
+
+				},
+
+				.mesh_2d => |mesh_2d| {
+					const index_buffer = sokol.gfx.makeBuffer(.{
+						.data = sokol.gfx.asRange(mesh_2d.indices),
+						.type = .INDEXBUFFER,
+					});
+
+					const vertex_buffer = sokol.gfx.makeBuffer(.{
+						.data = sokol.gfx.asRange(mesh_2d.vertices),
+						.type = .VERTEXBUFFER,
+					});
+
+					errdefer {
+						sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(index_buffer);
+						sokol.gfx.destroyBuffer(vertex_buffer);
+					}
+
+					if (mesh_2d.indices.len > std.math.maxInt(u32)) {
+						return error.OutOfMemory;
+					}
+
+					try self.resources.push(.{
+						.mesh_2d = .{
+							.index_buffer = index_buffer,
+							.vertex_buffer = vertex_buffer,
+							.index_count = @intCast(mesh_2d.indices.len),
+						},
+					});
+				},
+			}
+		}
+
+		try self.process_draw_2d_commands(buffer.draw_2d_commands.values, target);
+	}
+};
+
+const RenderState = struct {
+	finished: std.Thread.Semaphore = .{},
+	is_running: AtomicBool = AtomicBool.init(true),
+	ready: std.Thread.Semaphore = .{},
+	clear_color: color.Value = color.compress(color.black),
+	pixel_width: c_int = 0,
+	pixel_height: c_int = 0,
+};
+
+const Self = @This();
+
+pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+	self.render_state.is_running.store(false, .monotonic);
+	self.render_state.ready.post();
+	self.thread.join();
+	coral.heap.allocator.destroy(self.render_state);
+
+	self.* = undefined;
+}
+
+pub fn init(sdl_window: *ext.SDL_Window) (std.mem.Allocator.Error || std.Thread.SpawnError)!Self {
+	const render_state = try coral.heap.allocator.create(RenderState);
+
+	errdefer coral.heap.allocator.destroy(render_state);
+
+	render_state.* = .{};
+
+	const self = Self{
+		.thread = spawn_thread: {
+			const thread = try std.Thread.spawn(.{}, run, .{sdl_window, render_state});
+
+			thread.setName("Ona Graphics") catch {
+				std.log.warn("failed to name the graphics thread", .{});
+			};
+
+			break: spawn_thread thread;
+		},
+
+		.render_state = render_state,
+	};
+
+	self.submit(sdl_window, .{0, 0, 0, 1});
+
+	return self;
+}
+
+fn run(sdl_window: *ext.SDL_Window, render_state: *RenderState) !void {
+	var result = @as(c_int, 0);
+
+	result |= ext.SDL_GL_SetAttribute(ext.SDL_GL_CONTEXT_FLAGS, ext.SDL_GL_CONTEXT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE_FLAG);
+	result |= ext.SDL_GL_SetAttribute(ext.SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK, ext.SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_CORE);
+	result |= ext.SDL_GL_SetAttribute(ext.SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 3);
+	result |= ext.SDL_GL_SetAttribute(ext.SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 3);
+	result |= ext.SDL_GL_SetAttribute(ext.SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1);
+
+	if (result != 0) {
+		std.log.err("failed to set necessary OpenGL flags in graphics", .{});
+	}
+
+	const context = ext.SDL_GL_CreateContext(sdl_window);
+
+	defer ext.SDL_GL_DeleteContext(context);
+
+	render_state.finished.post();
+
+	sokol.gfx.setup(.{
+		.environment = .{
+			.defaults = .{
+				.color_format = .RGBA8,
+				.depth_format = .DEPTH_STENCIL,
+				.sample_count = 1,
+			},
+		},
+
+		.logger = .{
+			.func = sokol.log.func,
+		},
+	});
+
+	defer sokol.gfx.shutdown();
+
+	var render_work = RenderWork.init(coral.heap.allocator);
+
+	defer render_work.deinit();
+
+	while (render_state.is_running.load(.monotonic)) {
+		render_state.ready.wait();
+
+		defer render_state.finished.post();
+
+		sokol.gfx.beginPass(.{
+			.swapchain = .{
+				.width = render_state.pixel_width,
+				.height = render_state.pixel_height,
+				.sample_count = 1,
+				.color_format = .RGBA8,
+				.depth_format = .DEPTH_STENCIL,
+				.gl = .{.framebuffer = 0},
+			},
+
+			.action = .{
+				.colors = get: {
+					var actions = [_]sokol.gfx.ColorAttachmentAction{.{}} ** 4;
+
+					actions[0] = .{
+						.load_action = .CLEAR,
+						.clear_value = @as(sokol.gfx.Color, @bitCast(render_state.clear_color)),
+					};
+
+					break: get actions;
+				},
+			}
+		});
+
+		try Queue.consume_submitted(Queue.Consumer.bind(RenderWork, &render_work, RenderWork.process_queue), .{
+			.width = @floatFromInt(render_state.pixel_width),
+			.height = @floatFromInt(render_state.pixel_height),
+		});
+
+		sokol.gfx.endPass();
+		sokol.gfx.commit();
+		ext.SDL_GL_SwapWindow(sdl_window);
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn submit(self: Self, sdl_window: *ext.SDL_Window, clear_color: color.Value) void {
+	self.render_state.finished.wait();
+	ext.SDL_GL_GetDrawableSize(sdl_window, &self.render_state.pixel_width, &self.render_state.pixel_height);
+	std.debug.assert(self.render_state.pixel_width > 0 and self.render_state.pixel_height > 0);
+
+	self.render_state.clear_color = clear_color;
+
+	Queue.swap();
+	self.render_state.ready.post();
+}

src/ona/gfx/Queue.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+const color = @import("./color.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+buffer: *Buffer,
+primitives: *const Primitives,
+
+const AtomicCount = std.atomic.Value(usize);
+
+pub const Buffer = struct {
+	arena: std.heap.ArenaAllocator,
+	closed_handles: coral.stack.Sequential(usize),
+	open_commands: coral.stack.Sequential(OpenCommand),
+	draw_2d_commands: coral.stack.Sequential(Draw2DCommand),
+	close_commands: coral.stack.Sequential(CloseCommand),
+
+	pub const CloseCommand = struct {
+		handle: Handle,
+	};
+
+	pub const Draw2DCommand = struct {
+		instances: []const Instance2D,
+		mesh_2d: Handle,
+	};
+
+	pub const OpenCommand = struct {
+		handle: Handle = .none,
+		label: ?[]const u8 = null,
+
+		resource: union (enum) {
+			texture: Texture,
+			mesh_2d: Mesh2D,
+		},
+
+		pub const Mesh2D = struct {
+			vertices: []const Vertex2D,
+			indices: []const u16,
+		};
+
+		pub const Texture = struct {
+			width: u16,
+			height: u16,
+			format: Format,
+			access: Access,
+
+			pub const Access = enum {
+				static,
+			};
+
+			pub const Format = enum {
+				rgba8888,
+				bgra8888,
+				argb8888,
+				rgb888,
+				bgr888,
+
+				pub fn byte_size(self: Format) usize {
+					return switch (self) {
+						.rgba8888, .bgra8888, .argb8888 => 4,
+						.rgb888, .bgr888 => 3,
+					};
+				}
+			};
+		};
+	};
+
+	fn deinit(self: *Buffer) void {
+		self.arena.deinit();
+		self.closed_handles.deinit();
+		self.open_commands.deinit();
+		self.draw_2d_commands.deinit();
+		self.close_commands.deinit();
+	}
+
+	fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator) Buffer {
+		return .{
+			.arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator),
+			.closed_handles = .{.allocator = allocator},
+			.open_commands = .{.allocator = allocator},
+			.draw_2d_commands = .{.allocator = allocator},
+			.close_commands = .{.allocator = allocator},
+		};
+	}
+
+	pub fn clear(self: *Buffer) void {
+		self.close_commands.clear();
+		self.draw_2d_commands.clear();
+		self.open_commands.clear();
+
+		if (!self.arena.reset(.retain_capacity)) {
+			std.log.warn("failed to reset the buffer of a gfx queue with retained capacity", .{});
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn draw_2d(self: *Buffer, command: Draw2DCommand) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+		try self.draw_2d_commands.push(.{
+			.instances = try self.arena.allocator().dupe(Instance2D, command.instances),
+			.mesh_2d = command.mesh_2d,
+		});
+	}
+
+	pub fn open(self: *Buffer, command: OpenCommand) std.mem.Allocator.Error!Handle {
+		const reserved_handle = @as(Handle, switch (command.handle) {
+			.none => @enumFromInt(reserve_handle: {
+				if (self.closed_handles.get()) |handle| {
+					std.debug.assert(self.closed_handles.pop());
+
+					break: reserve_handle handle;
+				}
+
+				break: reserve_handle next_handle.fetchAdd(1, .monotonic);
+			}),
+
+			_ => |handle| handle,
+		});
+
+		std.debug.assert(reserved_handle != .none);
+
+		const arena_allocator = self.arena.allocator();
+
+		try self.open_commands.push(.{
+			.resource = switch (command.resource) {
+				.texture => |texture| .{
+					.texture = .{
+						.width = texture.width,
+						.height = texture.height,
+						.format = texture.format,
+						.access = texture.access,
+					},
+				},
+
+				.mesh_2d => |mesh_2d| .{
+					.mesh_2d = .{
+						.indices = try arena_allocator.dupe(u16, mesh_2d.indices),
+						.vertices = try arena_allocator.dupe(Vertex2D, mesh_2d.vertices),
+					},
+				},
+			},
+
+			.label = if (command.label) |label| try arena_allocator.dupe(coral.io.Byte, label) else null,
+			.handle = reserved_handle,
+		});
+
+		return reserved_handle;
+	}
+};
+
+pub const Consumer = coral.io.Generator(std.mem.Allocator.Error!void, &.{*const Buffer, Target});
+
+pub const Handle = enum (usize) {
+	none,
+	_,
+
+	pub fn index(self: Handle) ?usize {
+		return switch (self) {
+			.none => null,
+			_ => @intFromEnum(self) - 1,
+		};
+	}
+};
+
+pub const Instance2D = extern struct {
+	xbasis: Point2D = .{1, 0},
+	ybasis: Point2D = .{0, 1},
+	origin: Point2D = @splat(0),
+	color: color.Compressed = color.compress(color.white),
+	depth: f32 = 0,
+};
+
+const Node = struct {
+	buffers: [2]Buffer,
+	is_swapped: bool = false,
+	ref_count: AtomicCount = AtomicCount.init(1),
+	has_next: ?*Node = null,
+	has_prev: ?*Node = null,
+
+	fn acquire(self: *Node) void {
+		self.ref_count.fetchAdd(1, .monotonic);
+	}
+
+	fn pending(self: *Node) *Buffer {
+		return &self.buffers[@intFromBool(self.is_swapped)];
+	}
+
+	fn release(self: *Node) void {
+		if (self.ref_count.fetchSub(1, .monotonic) == 1) {
+			mutex.lock();
+
+			defer mutex.unlock();
+
+			if (self.has_prev) |prev| {
+				prev.has_next = self.has_next;
+			} else {
+				has_head = self.has_next;
+			}
+
+			if (self.has_next) |next| {
+				next.has_prev = self.has_prev;
+			} else {
+				has_tail = self.has_prev;
+			}
+
+			for (&self.buffers) |*buffer| {
+				buffer.deinit();
+			}
+
+			coral.heap.allocator.destroy(self);
+		}
+	}
+
+	fn submitted(self: *Node) *Buffer {
+		return &self.buffers[@intFromBool(!self.is_swapped)];
+	}
+};
+
+pub const Point2D = @Vector(2, f32);
+
+pub const Primitives = struct {
+	quad_mesh: Handle,
+};
+
+const Self = @This();
+
+pub const State = struct {
+	node: *Node,
+	primitives: *const Primitives,
+};
+
+pub const Target = struct {
+	width: f32,
+	height: f32,
+};
+
+pub const Vertex2D = struct {
+	xy: Point2D,
+};
+
+pub fn bind(context: coral.system.BindContext) std.mem.Allocator.Error!State {
+	const queue = try coral.heap.allocator.create(Node);
+
+	errdefer coral.heap.allocator.destroy(queue);
+
+	queue.* = .{
+		.buffers = .{Buffer.init(coral.heap.allocator), Buffer.init(coral.heap.allocator)},
+	};
+
+	mutex.lock();
+
+	defer mutex.unlock();
+
+	if (has_tail) |tail| {
+		tail.has_next = queue;
+		queue.has_prev = tail;
+	} else {
+		std.debug.assert(has_head == null);
+
+		has_head = queue;
+	}
+
+	has_tail = queue;
+
+	return .{
+		.primitives = (try context.register_read_only_resource_access(.none, Primitives)) orelse create: {
+			const buffer = queue.pending();
+			const half_extent = 0.5;
+
+			try context.world.set_resource(.none, Primitives{
+				.quad_mesh = try buffer.open(.{
+					.label = "quad mesh primitive",
+
+					.resource = .{
+						.mesh_2d = .{
+							.indices = &.{0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3},
+
+							.vertices = &.{
+								.{.xy = .{-half_extent, half_extent}},// .uv = .{0, 1}},
+								.{.xy = .{half_extent, half_extent}},// .uv = .{1, 1}},
+								.{.xy = .{half_extent, -half_extent}},// .uv = .{1, 0}},
+								.{.xy = .{-half_extent, -half_extent}},//  .uv = .{0, 0}},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				}),
+			});
+
+			break: create (try context.register_read_only_resource_access(.none, Primitives)).?;
+		},
+
+		.node = queue,
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn consume_submitted(consumer: Consumer, target: Target) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+	mutex.lock();
+
+	defer mutex.unlock();
+
+	var has_node = has_head;
+	var iterations = @as(usize, 0);
+
+	while (has_node) |node| : ({
+		has_node = node.has_next;
+		iterations += 1;
+	}) {
+		const buffer = &node.buffers[@intFromBool(!node.is_swapped)];
+
+		try consumer.yield(.{buffer, target});
+
+		buffer.clear();
+	}
+}
+
+var has_head = @as(?*Node, null);
+
+var has_tail = @as(?*Node, null);
+
+pub fn init(state: *State) Self {
+	return .{
+		.buffer = state.node.pending(),
+		.primitives = state.primitives,
+	};
+}
+
+var mutex = std.Thread.Mutex{};
+
+var next_handle = AtomicCount.init(1);
+
+pub fn swap() void {
+	mutex.lock();
+
+	defer mutex.unlock();
+
+	var has_node = has_head;
+
+	while (has_node) |node| : (has_node = node.has_next) {
+		node.is_swapped = !node.is_swapped;
+	}
+}
+
+pub fn unbind(state: *State) void {
+	state.node.release();
+}

src/ona/gfx/color.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+pub const Compressed = @Vector(4, u8);
+
+pub const Value = @Vector(4, f32);
+
+pub const black = Value{0, 0, 0, 1};
+
+pub fn compress(color: Value) Compressed {
+	return @intFromFloat(color * @as(Value, @splat(255)));
+}
+
+pub fn rgb(r: f32, g: f32, b: f32) Value {
+	return .{r, g, b, 1};
+}
+
+pub const white = Value{1, 1, 1, 1};

src/ona/gfx/shaders/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.glsl.zig

src/ona/gfx/shaders/draw_2d.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+@header const Vec2 = @Vector(2, f32)
+@ctype vec2 Vec2
+
+@vs vs
+in vec2 mesh_xy;
+
+in vec2 instance_xbasis;
+in vec2 instance_ybasis;
+in vec2 instance_origin;
+in vec4 instance_color;
+in float instance_depth;
+
+uniform Screen {
+	vec2 screen_size;
+};
+
+out vec4 color;
+
+void main() {
+	// Calculate the world position of the vertex
+    const vec2 world_position = instance_origin + mesh_xy.x * instance_xbasis + mesh_xy.y * instance_ybasis;
+
+    // Convert world position to normalized device coordinates (NDC)
+    // Assuming the screen coordinates range from (0, 0) to (screen_size.x, screen_size.y)
+    const vec2 ndc_position = (vec2(world_position.x, -world_position.y) / screen_size) * 2.0 - vec2(1.0, -1.0);
+
+    // Set the position of the vertex in clip space
+    gl_Position = vec4(ndc_position, instance_depth, 1.0);
+
+    // Set the output color
+    color = instance_color;
+}
+@end
+
+@fs fs
+in vec4 color;
+out vec4 texel;
+
+void main() {
+	texel = color;
+}
+@end
+
+@program draw_2d vs fs

src/ona/msg.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+const App = @import("./App.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+fn Channel(comptime Message: type) type {
+	return struct {
+		buffers: [2]coral.stack.Sequential(Message),
+		swapped: bool = false,
+		ticks: u1 = 0,
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		fn cleanup(channel: coral.Write(Self)) void {
+			channel.res.deinit();
+		}
+
+		pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
+			for (&self.buffers) |*buffer| {
+				buffer.deinit();
+			}
+
+			self.* = undefined;
+		}
+
+		fn swap(channel: coral.Write(Self)) void {
+			channel.res.ticks = coral.scalars.add(channel.res.ticks, 1) orelse 0;
+
+			if (channel.res.ticks == 0) {
+				channel.res.swapped = !channel.res.swapped;
+
+				channel.res.buffers[@intFromBool(channel.res.swapped)].clear();
+			}
+		}
+
+		fn init(allocator: std.mem.Allocator) Self {
+			return .{
+				.buffers = .{
+					.{.allocator = allocator},
+					.{.allocator = allocator},
+				},
+			};
+		}
+
+		fn messages(self: Self) []const Message {
+			return self.buffers[@intFromBool(!self.swapped)].values;
+		}
+
+		fn push(self: *Self, message: Message) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+			try self.buffers[@intFromBool(self.swapped)].push(message);
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn Receive(comptime Message: type) type {
+	const TypedChannel = Channel(Message);
+
+	return struct {
+		channel: *const TypedChannel,
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		pub const State = struct {
+			channel: *const TypedChannel,
+		};
+
+		pub fn bind(context: coral.system.BindContext) std.mem.Allocator.Error!State {
+			return .{
+				.channel = (try context.register_read_only_resource_access(thread_restriction, TypedChannel)) orelse set: {
+					try context.world.set_resource(thread_restriction, TypedChannel.init(coral.heap.allocator));
+
+					break: set (try context.register_read_only_resource_access(thread_restriction, TypedChannel)).?;
+				},
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub fn init(state: *State) Self {
+			return .{
+				.channel = state.channel,
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub fn messages(self: Self) []const Message {
+			return self.channel.messages();
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+pub fn Send(comptime Message: type) type {
+	const TypedChannel = Channel(Message);
+
+	return struct {
+		channel: *TypedChannel,
+
+		const Self = @This();
+
+		pub const State = struct {
+			channel: *TypedChannel,
+		};
+
+		pub fn bind(context: coral.system.BindContext) std.mem.Allocator.Error!State {
+			return .{
+				.channel = (try context.register_read_write_resource_access(thread_restriction, TypedChannel)) orelse set: {
+					try context.world.set_resource(thread_restriction, TypedChannel.init(coral.heap.allocator));
+
+					const app = context.world.get_resource(.none, App).?;
+
+					try context.world.on_event(app.events.post_update, coral.system_fn(TypedChannel.swap), .{
+						.label = "swap channel of " ++ @typeName(Message),
+					});
+
+					try context.world.on_event(app.events.exit, coral.system_fn(TypedChannel.cleanup), .{
+						.label = "clean up channel of " ++ @typeName(Message),
+					});
+
+					break: set (try context.register_read_write_resource_access(thread_restriction, TypedChannel)).?;
+				},
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub fn init(state: *State) Self {
+			return .{
+				.channel = state.channel,
+			};
+		}
+
+		pub fn push(self: Self, message: Message) std.mem.Allocator.Error!void {
+			try self.channel.push(message);
+		}
+	};
+}
+
+const thread_restriction = coral.World.ThreadRestriction.none;

src/ona/ona.zig

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+pub const App = @import("./App.zig");
+
+pub const act = @import("./act.zig");
+
+const coral = @import("coral");
+
+const ext = @import("./ext.zig");
+
+pub const gfx = @import("./gfx.zig");
+
+pub const msg = @import("./msg.zig");
+
+const std = @import("std");
+
+pub const Options = struct {
+	tick_rate: u64,
+	execution: Execution,
+	middlewares: []const *const Setup = default_middlewares,
+
+	pub const Execution = union (enum) {
+		single_threaded,
+		thread_share: f32,
+	};
+};
+
+pub const Setup = fn (*coral.World, App.Events) anyerror!void;
+
+pub const default_middlewares = &.{
+	gfx.setup,
+	act.setup,
+};
+
+pub fn start_app(setup: Setup, options: Options) anyerror!void {
+	defer {
+		coral.heap.trace_leaks();
+		ext.SDL_Quit();
+	}
+
+	var world = try switch (options.execution) {
+		.single_threaded => coral.World.init(0),
+
+		.thread_share => |thread_share| init: {
+			const cpu_count = @as(u32, @intCast(std.math.clamp(std.Thread.getCpuCount() catch |cpu_count_error| {
+				@panic(switch (cpu_count_error) {
+					error.PermissionDenied => "permission denied retrieving CPU count",
+					error.SystemResources => "system resources are preventing retrieval of the CPU count",
+    				error.Unexpected => "unexpected failure retrieving CPU count",
+				});
+			}, 0, std.math.maxInt(u32))));
+
+			break: init coral.World.init(coral.scalars.fractional(cpu_count, thread_share) orelse 0);
+		},
+	};
+
+	defer world.deinit();
+
+	const events = App.Events{
+		.load = try world.create_event("load"),
+		.pre_update = try world.create_event("pre-update"),
+		.update = try world.create_event("update"),
+		.post_update = try world.create_event("post-update"),
+		.render = try world.create_event("render"),
+		.finish = try world.create_event("finish"),
+		.exit = try world.create_event("exit"),
+	};
+
+	const app = try world.set_get_resource(.none, App{
+		.events = &events,
+		.target_frame_time = 1.0 / @as(f64, @floatFromInt(options.tick_rate)),
+		.is_running = true,
+	});
+
+	for (options.middlewares) |setup_middleware| {
+		try setup_middleware(&world, events);
+	}
+
+	try setup(&world, events);
+	try world.run_event(events.load);
+
+	var ticks_previous = std.time.milliTimestamp();
+	var accumulated_time = @as(f64, 0);
+
+	while (app.is_running) {
+		const ticks_current = std.time.milliTimestamp();
+		const milliseconds_per_second = 1000.0;
+		const delta_time = @as(f64, @floatFromInt(ticks_current - ticks_previous)) / milliseconds_per_second;
+
+		ticks_previous = ticks_current;
+		accumulated_time += delta_time;
+
+		try world.run_event(events.pre_update);
+
+		while (accumulated_time >= app.target_frame_time) : (accumulated_time -= app.target_frame_time) {
+			try world.run_event(events.update);
+		}
+
+		try world.run_event(events.post_update);
+		try world.run_event(events.render);
+		try world.run_event(events.finish);
+	}
+
+	try world.run_event(events.exit);
+}